{
 "record_id": "CW-1959-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0505",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Ranjit Singh v. The State of Punjab",
 "display_title_redacted": "Ranjit Singh v. The State of Punjab",
 "state": "Punjab",
 "district": "Barnala",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Shehna",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Shehna Police Station",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Ranjit Singh v. The State of Punjab",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 19 of 1957",
 "citation": "AIR 1959 SC 843",
 "judges": [
  "J.L. Kapur",
  "Syed Jaffer Imam"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1959-04-21",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1959,
 "incident_date": "1953-09-26",
 "incident_year": 1953,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering",
 "subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering",
 "subcategory_display": "dereliction evidence tampering",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 193"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Ranjit Singh",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer",
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Shehna Police Station (then PEPSU)",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.08,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.93,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Ranjit Singh",
   "display": "Ranjit Singh (Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "Shehna man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": 0.25,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/837269/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRIMINAL%20APPEAL_19_1957.pdf"
 ],
 "summary": "The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of SHO Ranjit Singh of Shehna under Section 193 IPC for filing a false affidavit denying the illegal detention of a Shehna man, who had been kept in the lock-up from 26.09.1953 to 10.10.1953 without charge or remand and then surreptitiously shifted across stations. The Court held a policeman swearing a false return to a habeas corpus petition is liable for false evidence, rejecting pleas that he was not bound to file it. The modified sentence of three months' simple imprisonment plus Rs.50 fine was sustained. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of SHO Ranjit Singh of Shehna under Section 193 IPC for filing a false affidavit denying the illegal detention of a Shehna man, who had been kept in the lock-up from 26.09.1953 to 10.10.1953 without charge or remand and then surreptitiously shifted across stations. The Court held a policeman swearing a false return to a habeas corpus petition is liable for false evidence, rejecting pleas that he was not bound to file it. The modified sentence of three months' simple imprisonment plus Rs.50 fine was sustained.",
 "court_quote": "In our opinion the appellant has been rightly convicted and we would therefore dismiss this appeal.",
 "court_quote_para": "n/a",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "SC judgment text verified after 429 retry; SHO false-affidavit s.193 conviction upheld.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "AIR 1959 SC 843",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "1959-04-21",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "AIR 1959 SC 843",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/837269/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRIMINAL%20APPEAL_19_1957.pdf",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-39"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SWDERELI-017",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}