{ "record_id": "CW-1962-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0500", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1477" ], "display_title": "Maulud Ahmad v. State of Uttar Pradesh", "display_title_redacted": "Maulud Ahmad v. State of Uttar Pradesh", "state": "Uttar Pradesh", "district": "Lakhimpur Kheri", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Mailani", "police_station_or_unit": "PS Mailani, Kheri", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Maulud Ahmad v. State of Uttar Pradesh", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 97 of 1961", "citation": null, "judges": [ "K. Subba Rao" ], "judgment_date": "1962-11-13", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1962, "incident_date": "1956-12-15", "incident_year": 1956, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering", "subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering", "subcategory_display": "dereliction evidence tampering", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 218" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Maulud Ahmad", "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Mailani Police Station, Kheri", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.04, "jev_p_culpable": 0.98, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Maulud Ahmad", "display": "Maulud Ahmad (Head Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Mailani man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Mailani man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 2, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1288544/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/judgments/index.php?go=1962/november/maulud-ahmad-vs-state-of-uttar-pradesh-insc-309-13-november-1962-11", "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/browse/Case?caseId=002691823000&title=maulud-ahmad-vs-state-of-uttar-pradesh", "https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/1288544/?formInput=%22general%20diary%22" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. After a railway-party shoot killed a Mailani man and a Mailani man on the night of 14/15 December 1956, Head Constable Maulud Ahmad of PS Mailani entered a false antedated report in the General Diary showing Railway Guard Chauhan had deposited his gun the previous evening, creating alibi evidence to save Chauhan from prosecution. All co-accused were acquitted but the appellant alone was convicted under section 218 IPC and sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonment, affirmed by the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench). The Supreme Court held that the guard's acquittal did not exonerate the appellant since intent at the time of the false entry governed, and that section 42 of the Police Act barred only Police Act prosecutions. It dismissed the appeal, warning that manipulated police records would end honest investigation. Subcategory corrected to dereliction/evidence-tampering: the fabrication shielded an accused rather than implicating innocents. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "After a railway-party shoot killed a Mailani man and a Mailani man on the night of 14/15 December 1956, Head Constable Maulud Ahmad of PS Mailani entered a false antedated report in the General Diary showing Railway Guard Chauhan had deposited his gun the previous evening, creating alibi evidence to save Chauhan from prosecution. All co-accused were acquitted but the appellant alone was convicted under section 218 IPC and sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonment, affirmed by the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench). The Supreme Court held that the guard's acquittal did not exonerate the appellant since intent at the time of the false entry governed, and that section 42 of the Police Act barred only Police Act prosecutions. It dismissed the appeal, warning that manipulated police records would end honest investigation. Subcategory corrected to dereliction/evidence-tampering: the fabrication shielded an accused rather than implicating innocents.", "court_quote": "In the view of the learned judge it was not established conclusively that Chauhan abetted the appellant in manipulating the record but that could not exonerate the appellant for it had been held on the evidence that the false entries had been made in the record by the appellant with a view to save Chauhan.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Head Constable's s.218 IPC conviction for antedated false GD entry upheld; 2 years RI.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Criminal Appeal No. 97 of 1961", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1962-11-13", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Criminal Appeal No. 97 of 1961", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1288544/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/judgments/index.php?go=1962/november/maulud-ahmad-vs-state-of-uttar-pradesh-insc-309-13-november-1962-11", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/browse/Case?caseId=002691823000&title=maulud-ahmad-vs-state-of-uttar-pradesh", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/1288544/?formInput=%22general%20diary%22", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-39", "chunk-43" ], "merged_case_id": "SWDERELI-010", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }