{ "record_id": "CW-1964-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0509", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Roshan Lal and Others v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Roshan Lal and Others v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Faridkot", "district_at_time": "Bathinda (then Bhatinda)", "city_town": "Jaito", "police_station_or_unit": "Jaito Police Station", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Roshan Lal and Others v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "Appeal (Crl.) No. 197 of 1964", "citation": "AIR 1965 SC 1413", "judges": [ "A.K. Sarkar", "N. Rajagopala Ayyangar", "R.S. Bachawat" ], "judgment_date": "1964-12-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1964, "incident_date": "1961-12-24", "incident_year": 1961, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 330", "IPC 330/34", "IPC 348", "IPC 201" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Roshan Lal", "rank": "Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer", "unit": "Police Station Jaito", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.96, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Roshan Lal", "display": "Roshan Lal (Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer)" }, { "name": "Lachhman Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Jaito", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Lachhman Singh", "display": "Lachhman Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": "Kulwant Rai", "rank": "Foot Constable", "unit": "Police Station Jaito", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Kulwant Rai", "display": "Kulwant Rai (Foot Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jaito man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1735477/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/642981/roshan-lal-and-others-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court affirmed the Punjab High Court's reversal of the trial acquittal of three Jaito policemen for the custodial death of opium suspect [name withheld]. Arrested on 24 December 1961, a Jaito man was beaten at his house and again overnight in the police station to extort a confession, found dead the next morning, and his body burnt with the bones ground and thrown in a canal. The High Court had convicted SHO Roshan Lal under Sections 330, 330/34 and 348 IPC and all three under Section 201 IPC with consecutive three-year terms. With special leave confined to the Section 201 term, the Supreme Court reduced it to one year and nine months' rigorous imprisonment and affirmed the judgment in all other respects. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court affirmed the Punjab High Court's reversal of the trial acquittal of three Jaito policemen for the custodial death of opium suspect [name withheld]. Arrested on 24 December 1961, a Jaito man was beaten at his house and again overnight in the police station to extort a confession, found dead the next morning, and his body burnt with the bones ground and thrown in a canal. The High Court had convicted SHO Roshan Lal under Sections 330, 330/34 and 348 IPC and all three under Section 201 IPC with consecutive three-year terms. With special leave confined to the Section 201 term, the Supreme Court reduced it to one year and nine months' rigorous imprisonment and affirmed the judgment in all other respects.", "court_quote": "In the result, the appeal is allowed in part, and the sentences passed on the appellants for the offence u/s 201 of the Indian Penal Code are reduced to rigorous imprisonment for one year and nine months. In other respects, the judgment under appeal is affirmed.", "court_quote_para": "19", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court affirmed Punjab HC's reversal of acquittal, upholding torture/confinement/evidence-destruction convictions of SHO and 2 policemen for custodial death of a Jaito man; reduced only s.201 term to 1y9m. Subcategory corrected to custodial_death.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "AIR 1965 SC 1413", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1964-12-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "AIR 1965 SC 1413", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1735477/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/642981/roshan-lal-and-others-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-16", "chunk-r09" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-002", "officers_named_public": 3, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }