{
 "record_id": "CW-1985-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0332",
 "alias_merged_ids": [
  "CWC-1470"
 ],
 "display_title": "State of Uttar Pradesh v. Ram Sagar Yadav and Ors.",
 "display_title_redacted": "State of Uttar Pradesh v. Ram Sagar Yadav and Ors.",
 "state": "Uttar Pradesh",
 "district": "Fatehpur",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Fatehpur",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Hussainganj Police Station",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "State of Uttar Pradesh v. Ram Sagar Yadav and Ors.",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 69 of 1975",
 "citation": "(1985) 1 SCC 552; AIR 1985 SC 416",
 "judges": [
  "Y.V. Chandrachud",
  "Amarendra Nath Sen"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1985-01-18",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1985,
 "incident_date": "1969-08-29",
 "incident_year": 1969,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_by_sc",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304 Part II",
  "IPC 220"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Ram Sagar Yadav",
   "rank": "Station House Officer",
   "unit": "Hussainganj Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.06,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.94,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Ram Sagar Yadav",
   "display": "Ram Sagar Yadav (Station House Officer)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Shobha Nath @ Pujari",
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Hussainganj Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.08,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.87,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Shobha Nath @ Pujari",
   "display": "Shobha Nath @ Pujari (Constable)"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Hussainganj Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Hussainganj Police Station"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Hussainganj Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Hussainganj Police Station"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 4,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Fatehpur man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": 7.0,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/596213/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/853108/"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. A Fatehpur man of village Haibatpur lodged a complaint with the Superintendent of Police, Fatehpur, against Constable for extorting a bribe in a cattle trespass dispute. In retaliation, Station House Officer Ram Sagar Yadav dispatched two constables to arrest a Fatehpur man on a trumped-up dacoity charge on 29 August 1969, where he was mercilessly beaten inside Hussainganj Police Station. When brought in a collapsed state to the Additional District Magistrate for remand, a Fatehpur man made a dying declaration naming the Darogah and constables before succumbing to nineteen injuries later that evening. The Sessions Judge convicted the SHO and three constables under Section 304 Part II IPC (and the SHO under Section 220 IPC), but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them. The Supreme Court reversed the High Court acquittal and affirmed the convictions and sentences, holding the dying declaration unimpeachable and famously recommending that the legislature amend the law on the burden of proof in custodial violence cases. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "A Fatehpur man of village Haibatpur lodged a complaint with the Superintendent of Police, Fatehpur, against Constable for extorting a bribe in a cattle trespass dispute. In retaliation, Station House Officer Ram Sagar Yadav dispatched two constables to arrest a Fatehpur man on a trumped-up dacoity charge on 29 August 1969, where he was mercilessly beaten inside Hussainganj Police Station. When brought in a collapsed state to the Additional District Magistrate for remand, a Fatehpur man made a dying declaration naming the Darogah and constables before succumbing to nineteen injuries later that evening. The Sessions Judge convicted the SHO and three constables under Section 304 Part II IPC (and the SHO under Section 220 IPC), but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them. The Supreme Court reversed the High Court acquittal and affirmed the convictions and sentences, holding the dying declaration unimpeachable and famously recommending that the legislature amend the law on the burden of proof in custodial violence cases.",
 "court_quote": "Police Officers alone, and none else, can give evidence as regards the circumstances in which a person in their custody comes to receive injuries while in their custody. Bound by ties of a kind of brotherhood, they often prefer to remain silent in such situations and when they choose to speak, they put their own gloss upon facts and pervert the truth.",
 "court_quote_para": "n/a",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Supreme Court reversed High Court acquittal, restoring Sessions Court convictions of SHO and 3 constables under s. 304 Part II IPC for custodial death.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1985-01-18",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India entered convictions against police personnel in this judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "(1985) 1 SCC 552; AIR 1985 SC 416",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/596213/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/853108/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-13",
  "chunk-16"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "UTTARP-002",
 "officers_named_public": 2,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}