{
 "record_id": "CW-1986-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0344",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Arwal Resident v. State of Bihar and Ors.",
 "display_title_redacted": "Arwal Resident v. State of Bihar and Ors.",
 "state": "Bihar",
 "district": "Arwal",
 "district_at_time": "Gaya",
 "city_town": "Arwal",
 "police_station_or_unit": null,
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Arwal Resident v. State of Bihar and Ors.",
 "case_number": "Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 369 of 1986",
 "citation": "(1987) 1 SCC 265; AIR 1987 SC 355",
 "judges": [],
 "judgment_date": "1986-12-19",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1986,
 "incident_date": "1986-04-19",
 "incident_year": 1986,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force",
 "subcategory": "disproportionate_force",
 "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [
  "Constitution Art. 32"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Superintendent of Police",
   "unit": "Bihar Police",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Superintendent of Police, Bihar Police"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 21,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": 20000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/273558/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://pub-138b930c26524cb4bf6e9099898947c0.r2.dev/judgments/1986/Peoples__Union_For_Democratic_Rights_vs_State_Of_Bihar_Ors_on_19_December_1986.PDF"
 ],
 "summary": "The Supreme Court directed Bihar to pay Rs 20,000 for every death and Rs 5,000 for every injured person from the 19 April 1986 Arwal police firing, adjusting sums already paid, in a petition alleging the SP-led force surrounded 600-700 peaceful peasants at Gandhi Library and opened fire without warning, killing at least 21 including children. The Court treated such compensation as the ordinary consequence of police-firing deaths, raising the State Rs 10,000 ex gratia to the normal scale. It left the justification for the firing and the challenge to Arwal PS Case 59 of 1986 allegedly foisted on innocents including the dead to the pending Patna High Court writ. It also directed the pending police-case investigation to finish within three months.",
 "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court directed Bihar to pay Rs 20,000 for every death and Rs 5,000 for every injured person from the 19 April 1986 Arwal police firing, adjusting sums already paid, in a petition alleging the SP-led force surrounded 600-700 peaceful peasants at Gandhi Library and opened fire without warning, killing at least 21 including children. The Court treated such compensation as the ordinary consequence of police-firing deaths, raising the State Rs 10,000 ex gratia to the normal scale. It left the justification for the firing and the challenge to Arwal PS Case 59 of 1986 allegedly foisted on innocents including the dead to the pending Patna High Court writ. It also directed the pending police-case investigation to finish within three months.",
 "court_quote": "for every case of death compensation of Rupees twenty thousand and for every injured person compensation of Rupees five thousand shall be paid.",
 "court_quote_para": "n/a",
 "confidence": "medium",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Rs 20k per death + Rs 5k per injury for Arwal police firing; justification left to Patna HC.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1986-12-19",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 20,000.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "(1987) 1 SCC 265; AIR 1987 SC 355",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/273558/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://pub-138b930c26524cb4bf6e9099898947c0.r2.dev/judgments/1986/Peoples__Union_For_Democratic_Rights_vs_State_Of_Bihar_Ors_on_19_December_1986.PDF",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-30"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SUPREM-029",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}