{
 "record_id": "CW-1990-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0338",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Kurebhar Police Sub-Inspector v. State of U.P.",
 "display_title_redacted": "Kurebhar Police Sub-Inspector v. State of U.P.",
 "state": "Uttar Pradesh",
 "district": "Sultanpur",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Kurebhar",
 "police_station_or_unit": "PS Kure Bhar, Sultanpur",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Kurebhar Police Sub-Inspector v. State of U.P.",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 111 and 477 of 1979",
 "citation": "AIR 1990 SC 709; 1990 Supp SCC 656",
 "judges": [
  "A.M. Ahmadi",
  "M. Fathima Beevi"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1990-01-12",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1990,
 "incident_date": "1971-10-19",
 "incident_year": 1971,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_by_sc",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304 Part II",
  "IPC 330",
  "IPC 201",
  "IPC 218",
  "IPC 34",
  "IPC 161",
  "PC Act 1947 s.5(1)(d)",
  "PC Act 1947 s.5(2)"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Rafiuddin Khan",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "PS Kure Bhar, Sultanpur",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.09,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.89,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Rafiuddin Khan",
   "display": "Rafiuddin Khan (Sub-Inspector)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Gauri Shankar Sharma",
   "rank": "Head Moharrir",
   "unit": "PS Kure Bhar, Sultanpur",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.09,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.92,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Gauri Shankar Sharma",
   "display": "Gauri Shankar Sharma (Head Moharrir)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 2,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Kurebhar man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": 7.0,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/320189/",
 "secondary_sources": [],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. A Kurebhar man was arrested from his residence on 19 October 1971 and beaten inside PS Kure Bhar by Sub-Inspector Rafiuddin Khan, sustaining 28 injuries before dying of shock and haemorrhage on 20 October 1971, after which false General Diary entries were posted to cover up the custodial death. The Special Judge, Sultanpur convicted the Sub-Inspector under Sections 304 Part II, 330, 201, 218/34 and 161 IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, and Head Moharrir Gauri Shankar Sharma under Sections 201 and 218 IPC. The High Court acquitted the Sub-Inspector entirely while confirming the Moharrir with a reduced sentence. The Supreme Court dismissed the Moharrir's appeal and allowed the State's appeal, restoring the Sub-Inspector's conviction and sentence on all counts and directing his surrender, famously observing that death in police custody must be curbed with a heavy hand.",
 "summary_verified": "A Kurebhar man was arrested from his residence on 19 October 1971 and beaten inside PS Kure Bhar by Sub-Inspector Rafiuddin Khan, sustaining 28 injuries before dying of shock and haemorrhage on 20 October 1971, after which false General Diary entries were posted to cover up the custodial death. The Special Judge, Sultanpur convicted the Sub-Inspector under Sections 304 Part II, 330, 201, 218/34 and 161 IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, and Head Moharrir Gauri Shankar Sharma under Sections 201 and 218 IPC. The High Court acquitted the Sub-Inspector entirely while confirming the Moharrir with a reduced sentence. The Supreme Court dismissed the Moharrir's appeal and allowed the State's appeal, restoring the Sub-Inspector's conviction and sentence on all counts and directing his surrender, famously observing that death in police custody must be curbed with a heavy hand.",
 "court_quote": "Death in police custody must be seriously viewed for otherwise we will help take a stride in the direction of police raj. It must be curbed with a heavy hand.",
 "court_quote_para": "n/a",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Supreme Court restored SI Rafiuddin Khan's conviction (7 years u/s 304-II) for custodial death and dismissed Head Moharrir's appeal.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1990-01-12",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India entered convictions against police personnel in this judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "AIR 1990 SC 709; 1990 Supp SCC 656",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/320189/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-13",
  "chunk-r08"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "UTTARP-001",
 "officers_named_public": 2,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}