{
 "record_id": "CW-1992-0007",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0656",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Ram Singh, Ex-Constable",
 "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Ram Singh, Ex-Constable",
 "state": "Punjab",
 "district": null,
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": null,
 "police_station_or_unit": null,
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Ram Singh, Ex-Constable",
 "case_number": null,
 "citation": "(1992) 4 SCC 54; AIR 1992 SC 2188",
 "judges": [
  "K. Ramaswamy",
  "A.M. Ahmadi",
  "M.M. Punchhi"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1992-07-24",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1992,
 "incident_date": null,
 "incident_year": 1980,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory_display": "other",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld",
 "sections": [],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Ram Singh",
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.04,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.95,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Ram Singh",
   "display": "Ram Singh (Constable)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 0,
 "sentence_type": "dismissal",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1652148/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ac70e4b014971140ee1e"
 ],
 "summary": "Constable Ram Singh, gunman of the Deputy Commissioner of Police, was found heavily drunk on duty roaming at a bus stand wearing his service revolver; a traffic constable took him to the police station, the revolver was deposited in the malkhana, and medical examination confirmed heavy drunkenness. Dismissed on 11 February 1980 after a prescribed-procedure enquiry, he won reinstatement through a civil suit affirmed up to second appeal on the ground that a single drink was not the gravest misconduct. The Supreme Court held a single act of heavy armed drunkenness on duty is the gravest misconduct under Rule 16.2(1) of the Punjab Police Manual, allowed the appeal and restored the dismissal.",
 "summary_verified": "Constable Ram Singh, gunman of the Deputy Commissioner of Police, was found heavily drunk on duty roaming at a bus stand wearing his service revolver; a traffic constable took him to the police station, the revolver was deposited in the malkhana, and medical examination confirmed heavy drunkenness. Dismissed on 11 February 1980 after a prescribed-procedure enquiry, he won reinstatement through a civil suit affirmed up to second appeal on the ground that a single drink was not the gravest misconduct. The Supreme Court held a single act of heavy armed drunkenness on duty is the gravest misconduct under Rule 16.2(1) of the Punjab Police Manual, allowed the appeal and restored the dismissal.",
 "court_quote": "Thus it would constitute gravest misconduct warranting dismissal from service. The authorities, therefore, were justified in imposing the penalty of dismissal.",
 "court_quote_para": "n/a",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "SC judgment text verified on Indian Kanoon; armed drunkenness on duty held gravest misconduct, dismissal restored.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1992-07-24",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only",
   "source": "(1992) 4 SCC 54; AIR 1992 SC 2188",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1652148/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ac70e4b014971140ee1e",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-45"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SWOTHERM-020",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}