{
 "record_id": "CW-1994-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0306",
 "alias_merged_ids": [
  "CWC-0712"
 ],
 "display_title": "Bhawanigarh Man vs State of Punjab",
 "display_title_redacted": "Bhawanigarh Man vs State of Punjab",
 "state": "Punjab",
 "district": "Sangrur",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Bhawanigarh",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
 "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Bhawanigarh Man vs State of Punjab",
 "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 351 of 1993",
 "citation": "(1994) 08 P&H CK 0051",
 "judges": [
  "H.S. Bedi"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1994-08-17",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1994,
 "incident_date": "1993-04-24",
 "incident_year": 1993,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing",
 "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing",
 "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 302",
  "IPC 149",
  "Arms Act 27"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.6,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.46,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Sub-Inspector, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.61,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.56,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Head Constable",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.47,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.58,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.49,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.58,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.59,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.57,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Special Police Officer",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.56,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.53,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Special Police Officer",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.55,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.59,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Special Police Officer",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.55,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.61,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Special Police Officer",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.61,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.56,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Special Police Officer",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.51,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.57,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Special Police Officer",
   "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.59,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.58,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 11,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": 25,
   "gender": "male",
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "Bhawanigarh man, age 25"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/146863/hardeep-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa200281995en.pdf",
  "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49479607dba348f00c242"
 ],
 "summary": "[name withheld] @ Dalli, aged 25, was handed to Bhawanigarh police on 22 April 1993 and police claimed he escaped during a half-hour exchange of fire on 24 April 1993; the Sessions Judge, Patiala, found instead that 11 police personnel conspired to liquidate him and murdered him in village Majhi. The High Court substantially accepted the report, directing registration of a murder case under Sections 302/149 IPC with Section 27 Arms Act, transfer of the officers out of Bhawanigarh, and CBI investigation, leaving action against a Haryana DSP for earlier illegal custody open pending the CBI report. Equating the death with victims of terrorist violence under Punjab policy as on 23 April 1993, the Court held the mother entitled to monetary compensation via the District Magistrate Sangrur within one month plus benefits including priority employment within three months, as an interim measure. No fixed rupee sum was stated in the judgment. Two different men of the same name were held liable in this judgment — Assistant Sub-Inspector and Special Police Officer — and the name further collides with convicted officers of the same name in other records of this dataset; rank and unit disambiguate them. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "[name withheld] @ Dalli, aged 25, was handed to Bhawanigarh police on 22 April 1993 and police claimed he escaped during a half-hour exchange of fire on 24 April 1993; the Sessions Judge, Patiala, found instead that 11 police personnel conspired to liquidate him and murdered him in village Majhi. The High Court substantially accepted the report, directing registration of a murder case under Sections 302/149 IPC with Section 27 Arms Act, transfer of the officers out of Bhawanigarh, and CBI investigation, leaving action against a Haryana DSP for earlier illegal custody open pending the CBI report. Equating the death with victims of terrorist violence under Punjab policy as on 23 April 1993, the Court held the mother entitled to monetary compensation via the District Magistrate Sangrur within one month plus benefits including priority employment within three months, as an interim measure. No fixed rupee sum was stated in the judgment.",
 "court_quote": "the positive finding of the Sessions Judge, is that the police officers had murdered [name withheld] alias Dalli in the area of village Majhi within the jurisdiction of Police Station, Bhawanigarh",
 "court_quote_para": "7",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "P&H HC accepted finding that 11 Bhawanigarh personnel conspired to murder detainee, ordering murder case, CBI probe, policy-based compensation.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1994-08-17",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered compensation in an amount stated in the judgment.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "(1994) 08 P&H CK 0051",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/146863/hardeep-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa200281995en.pdf",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49479607dba348f00c242",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-10",
  "chunk-53",
  "chunk-r07"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-010",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}