{
 "record_id": "CW-1996-0010",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0565",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Rattan Chand v. Chandigarh Administration & Ors.",
 "display_title_redacted": "Rattan Chand v. Chandigarh Administration & Ors.",
 "state": "Chandigarh",
 "district": "Chandigarh",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Sectors 37-38-40-41 crossing",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Armed Police (bus PIC-556, requisitioned for Chandigarh); PS Sector 39",
 "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Rattan Chand v. Chandigarh Administration & Ors.",
 "case_number": "Civil Writ Petition No. 11670 of 1993",
 "citation": "2(1997) ACC 108",
 "judges": [
  "R.L. Anand"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1996-11-08",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1996,
 "incident_date": "1990-10-23",
 "incident_year": 1990,
 "category": "Protest policing",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force",
 "subcategory": "disproportionate_force",
 "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force",
 "protest_override_heuristic": true,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector",
   "role": "named_only",
   "unit": "Punjab Armed Police (lodged FIR No. 207/1990, PS Sector 39)",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2:no",
    "key2_agy:no",
    "key2_gemapi:unclear",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": "no",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.93,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.05,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Punjab Armed Police (lodged FIR No. 207/1990, PS Sector 39)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": 21,
   "gender": "male",
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "Sectors 37-38-40-41 crossing man, age 21"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": 100000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/128920/rattan-chand-vs-state-of-punjab-and-others/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1366333/"
 ],
 "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court held Chandigarh Administration and Punjab jointly and severally liable for the 23 October 1990 police firing on anti-Mandal demonstrators at the Sectors 37-38 crossing, in which a 21-year-old driver was killed. The Court found no warning, unlawful-assembly declaration, lathi charge, tear gas or aerial fire had been shown, held straightway firing itself presumptive proof of the State's tortious act, and awarded the father 1,00,000 compensation within three months on strict public-law liability. The police claim of self-defence was rejected. ASI (Punjab Armed Police) led the party and lodged FIR No. 207/1990; no individual officer was held personally liable. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court held Chandigarh Administration and Punjab jointly and severally liable for the 23 October 1990 police firing on anti-Mandal demonstrators at the Sectors 37-38 crossing, in which a 21-year-old driver was killed. The Court found no warning, unlawful-assembly declaration, lathi charge, tear gas or aerial fire had been shown, held straightway firing itself presumptive proof of the State's tortious act, and awarded the father 1,00,000 compensation within three months on strict public-law liability. The police claim of self-defence was rejected. ASI (Punjab Armed Police) led the party and lodged FIR No. 207/1990; no individual officer was held personally liable.",
 "court_quote": "To resort to straightway firing in itself is the presumptive proof of the torturous act committed by the State and its functionaries and under the garb of so-called right of self-defence, the life of an individual cannot be taken nor it can be permitted to be taken.",
 "court_quote_para": "6",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Straightway police firing on demonstrators without warning; death held tortious, Rs 1L.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Protest policing",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1996-11-08",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "2(1997) ACC 108",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "wrong_facts",
   "corrections_applied": [
    "summary"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/128920/rattan-chand-vs-state-of-punjab-and-others/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1366333/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-43"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SWFAKEEN-030",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}