{ "record_id": "CW-1996-0012", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0778", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0301" ], "display_title": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Jalandhar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Jalandhar", "police_station_or_unit": "CIA Staff Jalandhar / Nakodar Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 524 of 1994 (O&M)", "citation": "(1997) 2 RCR(Criminal) 809", "judges": [ "Iqbal Singh" ], "judgment_date": "1996-12-19", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": "1992-08-28", "incident_year": 1992, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector, CIA Staff Jalandhar", "unit": "CIA Staff, Jalandhar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, CIA Staff Jalandhar, CIA Staff, Jalandhar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar", "unit": "Jalandhar Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar, Jalandhar Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar", "unit": "Jalandhar Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar, Jalandhar Police" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Jalandhar man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Jalandhar man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Jalandhar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 3, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 900000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/147047/joga-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Punjab Police constables and a Jalandhar man were arrested on 4 September 1992 by SI of CIA Staff Jalandhar, while constable was picked up from Civil Hospital Sangrur on 28 August 1992; police claimed the first two escaped during a terrorist encounter and the third died in a genuine encounter with Nakodar police. The District and Sessions Judge, Jalandhar, found no encounter took place, the escape story was falsely devised, the two constables' lives were in all probability snuffed out by police, and a Jalandhar man's encounter version was concocted. The High Court accepted the well-reasoned report, rejected the SSP's attack on it, and directed the CBI to register a case and complete investigation within nine months. Applying strict liability under Nilabati Behera, the Court awarded Rs. 3,00,000 each to the three petitioners (fathers/mother of the deceased constables). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Punjab Police constables R. S. and M. S. were arrested on 4 September 1992 by SI of CIA Staff Jalandhar, while constable B. S. was picked up from Civil Hospital Sangrur on 28 August 1992; police claimed the first two escaped during a terrorist encounter and the third died in a genuine encounter with Nakodar police. The District and Sessions Judge, Jalandhar, found no encounter took place, the escape story was falsely devised, the two constables' lives were in all probability snuffed out by police, and B. S.'s encounter version was concocted. The High Court accepted the well-reasoned report, rejected the SSP's attack on it, and directed the CBI to register a case and complete investigation within nine months. Applying strict liability under Nilabati Behera, the Court awarded Rs. 3,00,000 each to the three petitioners (fathers/mother of the deceased constables).", "court_quote": "The learned District and Sessions Judge, Jalandhar, in his report dated 24.5.1995 held that neither any encounter had taken place nor a Jalandhar man and a Jalandhar man had escaped from police custody. The story by the police has been devised falsely.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC accepted DJ report that two constables' lives were snuffed out by police and third died in concocted encounter, awarding Rs 3 lakh to each of three families plus CBI probe.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-12-19", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 900,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1997) 2 RCR(Criminal) 809", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/147047/joga-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-016", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }