{
 "record_id": "CW-1996-0014",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-1093",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Punjab Police Constable vs State of Punjab and Another",
 "display_title_redacted": "Punjab Police Constable vs State of Punjab and Another",
 "state": "Punjab",
 "district": null,
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": null,
 "police_station_or_unit": null,
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Punjab Police Constable vs State of Punjab and Another",
 "case_number": "Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 903 of 1996",
 "citation": "(1996) 7 SCC 748; AIR 1996 SC 3159",
 "judges": [
  "K. Ramaswamy",
  "G. B. Pattanaik"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1996-01-29",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1996,
 "incident_date": null,
 "incident_year": null,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory_display": "other",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 302 read with IPC 34",
  "IPC 323",
  "IPC 324",
  "Probation of Offenders Act 1958 s.12",
  "Punjab Police Rules Rule 16.2(2)"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Punjab Police"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 2,
 "sentence_type": "dismissal",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/683334/karam-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-and-another/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1447604/"
 ],
 "summary": "The Supreme Court on 29 January 1996 dismissed constable 's plea for reinstatement into the Punjab Police after his criminal conviction. The Court recorded that he was charged with others under Sections 302/34, 323 and 324 IPC for an assault causing one death and one injury; the High Court set aside the murder and hurt convictions but maintained the Section 323 IPC conviction and released him on probation. The Court held that release on probation under Section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Act does not wipe out the conviction, and that as a member of a disciplined force he was expected to prevent crime rather than participate in it. It found the authorities justified in refusing reinstatement under Rule 16.2(2) of the Punjab Police Rules, converting the penalty of dismissal into removal from service. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court on 29 January 1996 dismissed constable 's plea for reinstatement into the Punjab Police after his criminal conviction. The Court recorded that he was charged with others under Sections 302/34, 323 and 324 IPC for an assault causing one death and one injury; the High Court set aside the murder and hurt convictions but maintained the Section 323 IPC conviction and released him on probation. The Court held that release on probation under Section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Act does not wipe out the conviction, and that as a member of a disciplined force he was expected to prevent crime rather than participate in it. It found the authorities justified in refusing reinstatement under Rule 16.2(2) of the Punjab Police Rules, converting the penalty of dismissal into removal from service.",
 "court_quote": "In that view, the petitioner being a member of the disciplined police force, the authorities were justified in rejecting his reinstatement. However, we convert the penalty of dismissal into one of removal from service.",
 "court_quote_para": "4",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "SC upheld refusal to reinstate convicted constable; dismissal converted to removal.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1996-01-29",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only",
   "source": "(1996) 7 SCC 748; AIR 1996 SC 3159",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/683334/karam-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-and-another/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1447604/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-97"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GAP3-127-001",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}