{
 "record_id": "CW-1998-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0154",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Dadva Woman vs State of Gujarat & Ors.",
 "display_title_redacted": "Dadva Woman vs State of Gujarat & Ors.",
 "state": "Gujarat",
 "district": "Bhavnagar",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Dadva",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Umrala Police Station",
 "court": "Gujarat High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Gujarat High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Dadva Woman vs State of Gujarat & Ors.",
 "case_number": null,
 "citation": "(1998) 1 GLR 613",
 "judges": [
  "K. G. Balakrishnan",
  "M. S. Shah"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1998-02-10",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1998,
 "incident_date": "1997-07-12",
 "incident_year": 1997,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment",
 "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment",
 "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [
  "Constitution Art. 14",
  "Constitution Art. 19",
  "Constitution Art. 21",
  "Constitution Art. 226"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Police Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Umrala, Bhavnagar",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2_gemapi:unclear",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": "no",
   "jev_risk": 0.69,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.3,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police Sub-Inspector, Umrala, Bhavnagar"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Lady Constable",
   "unit": "Umrala, Bhavnagar",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2_gemapi:unclear",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": "no",
   "jev_risk": 0.56,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.2,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Lady Constable, Umrala, Bhavnagar"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police",
   "unit": "Botad",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2:no",
    "key2_agy:no",
    "key2_gemapi:unclear",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": "no",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.93,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.06,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Botad"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Circle Police Inspector",
   "unit": "Botad",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2:no",
    "key2_agy:no",
    "key2_gemapi:unclear",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": "no",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.92,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.06,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Circle Police Inspector, Botad"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 4,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "female",
   "descriptor": "Dadva woman"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Dadva man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 2,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": 20000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1065600/",
 "secondary_sources": [],
 "summary": "On a PIL by Lok Adhikar Sangh, a Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court held the night arrest, handcuffing, parading and delayed production of Dadva Sarpanch the survivor, then pregnant, and her husband [name withheld] unjustified and violative of Article 21 and the Supreme Court arrest and handcuffing directives. The Court found the couple were arrested between midnight and 1 a.m. on 12/13 July 1997, tied with ropes and paraded in the village with chappals and slates around their necks before a crowd, corroborated by 22 villagers. It directed the State to pay Rs 10,000 each to the couple as exemplary compensation under Article 226 within one month, recoverable from the concerned police officials. The involved officers were ordered kept out of the district during inquiry, PSI being already under suspension. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "On a PIL by Lok Adhikar Sangh, a Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court held the night arrest, handcuffing, parading and delayed production of Dadva Sarpanch the survivor, then pregnant, and her husband [name withheld] unjustified and violative of Article 21 and the Supreme Court arrest and handcuffing directives. The Court found the couple were arrested between midnight and 1 a.m. on 12/13 July 1997, tied with ropes and paraded in the village with chappals and slates around their necks before a crowd, corroborated by 22 villagers. It directed the State to pay Rs 10,000 each to the couple as exemplary compensation under Article 226 within one month, recoverable from the concerned police officials. The involved officers were ordered kept out of the district during inquiry, PSI being already under suspension.",
 "court_quote": "We have, therefore, no hesitation in coming to the conclusion that not only the arrest of [the survivor] during night hours between July 12 and 13, 1997 was absolutely unjustified but was unconstitutional and violative of her fundaments rights under Article 21 of the Constitution and so also the handcuffing of [the survivor]'s husband in the evening of July 13, 1997 was also absolutely unjustified, illegal and unconstitutional and violative of his fundamental rights under Article 21 of the Constitution.",
 "court_quote_para": "21",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Gujarat HC Division Bench judgment verified; night arrest/parading held Article 21 violation, compensation ordered.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1998-02-10",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Gujarat High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Gujarat High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 20,000.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "(1998) 1 GLR 613",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1065600/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-37"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GUJARA-007",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}