{
 "record_id": "CW-1999-0002",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0374",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Budalur Man and Others vs State of Tamil Nadu and Others",
 "display_title_redacted": "Budalur Man and Others vs State of Tamil Nadu and Others",
 "state": "Tamil Nadu",
 "district": "Thanjavur",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Budalur",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Budalur Police Station",
 "court": "Madras High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Madras High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Budalur Man and Others vs State of Tamil Nadu and Others",
 "case_number": "Writ Petition No. 1966 of 1992",
 "citation": "(2000) 1 LW(Cri) 96",
 "judges": [
  "P.D. Dinakaran, J."
 ],
 "judgment_date": "1999-04-08",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 1999,
 "incident_date": "1981-06-11",
 "incident_year": 1981,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 342",
  "Constitution of India Article 21",
  "Constitution of India Article 226"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Police personnel",
   "unit": "Budalur Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.41,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.62,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Budalur Police Station"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 5,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Budalur man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": 500000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/62038/d-ranganayagi-and-others-vs-state-of-tamil-nadu/",
 "secondary_sources": [],
 "summary": "The Madras High Court awarded Rs 5,00,000 as public law compensation to the widow and four children of a Budalur man, who died under police custody at Budalur Police Station in Thanjavur district on 11.06.1981. An enquiry by the Revenue Divisional Officer concluded that the deceased was killed in custody and held all five on-duty police personnel responsible. While the trial court initially acquitted them, the High Court on State appeal convicted all five police personnel under Section 342 IPC for wrongful confinement on 11.05.1991. Justice P.D. Dinakaran held that custodial death constitutes a grave infraction of Article 21 and rejected the State's plea of delay, ordering the payment of Rs 5 lakh in equal shares to the dependents alongside a recommendation for compassionate public employment. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Madras High Court awarded Rs 5,00,000 as public law compensation to the widow and four children of a Budalur man, who died under police custody at Budalur Police Station in Thanjavur district on 11.06.1981. An enquiry by the Revenue Divisional Officer concluded that the deceased was killed in custody and held all five on-duty police personnel responsible. While the trial court initially acquitted them, the High Court on State appeal convicted all five police personnel under Section 342 IPC for wrongful confinement on 11.05.1991. Justice P.D. Dinakaran held that custodial death constitutes a grave infraction of Article 21 and rejected the State's plea of delay, ordering the payment of Rs 5 lakh in equal shares to the dependents alongside a recommendation for compassionate public employment.",
 "court_quote": "The case in hand is in no way different from the facts and circumstances of the cases of custodial deaths referred to above as admittedly it is found by this Court that the said Dorairaj died when he was in police custody.",
 "court_quote_para": "11",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "High Court awarded Rs 5 lakh compensation for custodial death of a Budalur man at Budalur PS, noting police were convicted under IPC 342.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "1999-04-08",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Madras High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Madras High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "(2000) 1 LW(Cri) 96",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/62038/d-ranganayagi-and-others-vs-state-of-tamil-nadu/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-12"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "TAMILN-010",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}