{
 "record_id": "CW-2005-0017",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0799",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Bhadaran Police Writer Constable vs State of Gujarat",
 "display_title_redacted": "Bhadaran Police Writer Constable vs State of Gujarat",
 "state": "Gujarat",
 "district": "Anand",
 "district_at_time": "Kheda",
 "city_town": "Bhadaran",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Bhadaran Police Station",
 "court": "Gujarat High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Gujarat High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Bhadaran Police Writer Constable vs State of Gujarat",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 53 of 1999",
 "citation": null,
 "judges": [
  "Akshay H. Mehta"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2005-09-02",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2005,
 "incident_date": "1993-07-06",
 "incident_year": 1993,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory_display": "other",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304A",
  "IPC 285"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Writer Constable",
   "unit": "Bhadaran Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Writer Constable, Bhadaran Police Station"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": null,
   "descriptor": "Bhadaran resident"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": null,
   "descriptor": "Bhadaran resident"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": null,
   "descriptor": "Bhadaran resident"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 3,
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": 1,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/153732/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/456609/ramanbhai-somabhai-kharadi-appellant-hash-state-of-gujarat-respondent/"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Gujarat High Court records the following account. Writer Constable of Bhadaran Police Station was deployed to keep a crowd away from a spilled inflammable naphtha tanker on 6-7-1993; the prosecution proved he threw a burning matchstick, igniting the spill and killing three bystanders while injuring several others. The trial court convicted him under Sections 304 Part-II, 324, 435 and 285 IPC. The High Court held the deaths resulted solely from his rash and negligent act but without the intention or knowledge for culpable homicide or hurt, altering the conviction to Section 304A with 1 year simple imprisonment and fine while retaining the Section 285 conviction. The appeal was partly allowed with two months granted to surrender; Bhadaran was in Kheda district at the time and is now in Anand district.",
 "summary_verified": "Writer Constable of Bhadaran Police Station was deployed to keep a crowd away from a spilled inflammable naphtha tanker on 6-7-1993; the prosecution proved he threw a burning matchstick, igniting the spill and killing three bystanders while injuring several others. The trial court convicted him under Sections 304 Part-II, 324, 435 and 285 IPC. The High Court held the deaths resulted solely from his rash and negligent act but without the intention or knowledge for culpable homicide or hurt, altering the conviction to Section 304A with 1 year simple imprisonment and fine while retaining the Section 285 conviction. The appeal was partly allowed with two months granted to surrender; Bhadaran was in Kheda district at the time and is now in Anand district.",
 "court_quote": "It is the negligent and/or rash act of the appellant which has directly caused extensive fire resulting into the injuries to various persons, three persons out of these, succumbed to their injuries. This is criminal negligence and rashness on the part of the appellant.",
 "court_quote_para": "4",
 "confidence": "medium",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "HC retained criminal conviction of on-duty writer constable in reduced form (304A + 285) for negligent act causing 3 civilian deaths.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Gujarat High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Gujarat High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "Criminal Appeal No. 53 of 1999",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2005-09-02",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Gujarat High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Gujarat High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "Criminal Appeal No. 53 of 1999",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/153732/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/456609/ramanbhai-somabhai-kharadi-appellant-hash-state-of-gujarat-respondent/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-61"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GAP2-22-002",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}