{
 "record_id": "CW-2007-0003",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0141",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Petlad Police Senior Police Sub-Inspector vs State of Gujarat",
 "display_title_redacted": "Petlad Police Senior Police Sub-Inspector vs State of Gujarat",
 "state": "Gujarat",
 "district": "Anand",
 "district_at_time": "Kheda",
 "city_town": "Petlad",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Petlad Rural Police Station",
 "court": "Gujarat High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Gujarat High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Petlad Police Senior Police Sub-Inspector vs State of Gujarat",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal against Sessions Case No. 172 of 1991",
 "citation": null,
 "judges": [
  "Anil R. Dave",
  "K.S. Jhaveri"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2007-04-04",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2007,
 "incident_date": "1988-02-06",
 "incident_year": 1988,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304 Part II",
  "IPC 331"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Senior Police Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Petlad Rural Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.05,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.97,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Senior Police Sub-Inspector, Petlad Rural Police Station"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Petlad man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": 10,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/161601/",
 "secondary_sources": [],
 "summary": "A Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court confirmed the conviction of Senior PSI of Petlad Rural police station for the custodial death of Bhupendrabhai Patel, arrested on 04.02.1988, handed to the PSI on 24-hour remand on 05.02.1988 and found dead with severe injuries at 2:30 a.m. on 06.02.1988. The Court held the deceased was beaten to death in the sole custody of the appellant, whose burden under Section 106 of the Evidence Act went unrebutted, and rejected the parity plea based on the co-accused's acquittal. The appeal was dismissed, the 10-year RI sentences under Sections 304 Part II and 331 IPC confirmed, bail cancelled and the appellant given 5 weeks to surrender.",
 "summary_verified": "A Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court confirmed the conviction of Senior PSI of Petlad Rural police station for the custodial death of Bhupendrabhai Patel, arrested on 04.02.1988, handed to the PSI on 24-hour remand on 05.02.1988 and found dead with severe injuries at 2:30 a.m. on 06.02.1988. The Court held the deceased was beaten to death in the sole custody of the appellant, whose burden under Section 106 of the Evidence Act went unrebutted, and rejected the parity plea based on the co-accused's acquittal. The appeal was dismissed, the 10-year RI sentences under Sections 304 Part II and 331 IPC confirmed, bail cancelled and the appellant given 5 weeks to surrender.",
 "court_quote": "There is no evidence inconsistent with the guilt of the appellant and, therefore, in our opinion, the circumstantial evidence is sufficient in this case so as to confirm the conviction.",
 "court_quote_para": "52",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "HC dismissed appeal of Senior PSI and confirmed 10y RI each under ss.304-II and 331 for custodial death.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Gujarat High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Gujarat High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "Criminal Appeal against Sessions Case No. 172 of 1991",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2007-04-04",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Gujarat High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Gujarat High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "Criminal Appeal against Sessions Case No. 172 of 1991",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/161601/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-04",
  "chunk-r03"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GUJARA-012",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}