{
 "record_id": "CW-2009-0001",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0286",
 "alias_merged_ids": [
  "CWC-0553"
 ],
 "display_title": "Mahanga Man vs State of Orissa and Others",
 "display_title_redacted": "Mahanga Man vs State of Orissa and Others",
 "state": "Odisha",
 "district": "Cuttack",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Mahanga",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Mahanga Police Station",
 "court": "Orissa High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Mahanga Man vs State of Orissa and Others",
 "case_number": null,
 "citation": "2009 (I) OLR 526; 2009 Cri LJ (NOC) 540 (Ori.); (2009) CLT 568 (Suppl Crl)",
 "judges": [
  "B.P. Das",
  "R.N. Biswal"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2009-01-06",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2009,
 "incident_date": "2003-02-01",
 "incident_year": 2003,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [
  "Article 21",
  "Article 226",
  "Police Act 1861",
  "Orissa Police Manual Rule 239-B"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Officer-in-Charge",
   "unit": "Mahanga Police Station",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Officer-in-Charge, Mahanga Police Station"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Officer-in-Charge",
   "unit": "Salipur Police Station",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.84,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.07,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Officer-in-Charge, Salipur Police Station"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Circle Inspector",
   "unit": "Salipur Police Station",
   "role": "named_only",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:named_only",
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "named_only",
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.85,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.07,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Circle Inspector, Salipur Police Station"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector (2nd Officer)",
   "unit": "Mahanga Police Station",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no",
    "key2_openrouter:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Sub-Inspector (2nd Officer), Mahanga Police Station"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Mahanga Police Station",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Mahanga Police Station"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Mahanga Police Station",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": "no",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Mahanga Police Station"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 3,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Mahanga man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": 300000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/99655/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-of-orissa-and-others/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/526276/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-orissa-ors",
  "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56ea892e607dba378d9d43f8"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Mahanga man was arrested by Mahanga police in connection with Mahanga PS Case No. 12 of 2003 and detained in the police hazat without being produced before a magistrate. On 1 February 2003, his wife [name withheld] was summoned to the station under pretext of bail and found him dead inside the hazat. A judicial fact-finding inquiry by retired judge Justice C.R. Pal established that the police failed to post a sentry guard in gross violation of police regulations, directly enabling the custodial death. The Orissa High Court held the State vicariously liable for the negligent acts of the police officers and awarded Rs. 3,00,000 in compensation to the petitioner widow. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "A Mahanga man was arrested by Mahanga police in connection with Mahanga PS Case No. 12 of 2003 and detained in the police hazat without being produced before a magistrate. On 1 February 2003, his wife [name withheld] was summoned to the station under pretext of bail and found him dead inside the hazat. A judicial fact-finding inquiry by retired judge Justice C.R. Pal established that the police failed to post a sentry guard in gross violation of police regulations, directly enabling the custodial death. The Orissa High Court held the State vicariously liable for the negligent acts of the police officers and awarded Rs. 3,00,000 in compensation to the petitioner widow.",
 "court_quote": "However, the irresistible conclusion would be that the State Government is vicariously liable to compensate the petitioner because the deceased has lost his life and the petitioner has lost her husband due to negligent act of the concerned Police Officers.",
 "court_quote_para": "7",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Orissa HC held State vicariously liable for custodial death in police hazat due to gross police negligence and failure to provide sentry watch, awarding Rs. 3 lakh compensation to widow.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "2009-01-06",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Orissa High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "2009 (I) OLR 526; 2009 Cri LJ (NOC) 540 (Ori.); (2009) CLT 568 (Suppl Crl)",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/99655/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-of-orissa-and-others/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/526276/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-orissa-ors",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56ea892e607dba378d9d43f8",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-10",
  "chunk-52"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "EAST---NORTHEAST-005",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}