{
 "record_id": "CW-2011-0005",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0082",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Raipura Man v. State of Chhattisgarh and Others",
 "display_title_redacted": "Raipura Man v. State of Chhattisgarh and Others",
 "state": "Chhattisgarh",
 "district": "Sakti",
 "district_at_time": "Bilaspur",
 "city_town": "Raipura",
 "police_station_or_unit": "PS Baradwar",
 "court": "Chhattisgarh High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Chhattisgarh High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Raipura Man v. State of Chhattisgarh and Others",
 "case_number": "Writ Petition No. 1427 of 2004",
 "citation": null,
 "judges": [
  "Manindra Mohan Shrivastava"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2011-03-30",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2011,
 "incident_date": "1997-10-21",
 "incident_year": 1997,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304-A",
  "IPC 34",
  "Constitution Art. 21",
  "Constitution Art. 226",
  "Constitution Art. 32"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "named_only",
   "unit": "PS Baradwar",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, PS Baradwar"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "named_only",
   "unit": "PS Baradwar",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, PS Baradwar"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 2,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Raipura man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "compensation_only",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": 150000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/16668791/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/895876/dukhuram-vs-state-of-chhattisgarh-and-others/"
 ],
 "summary": "A Raipura man, arrested on suspicion of theft, was taken handcuffed and chained by two PS Baradwar police officials to Kumhiya pond at village Raipura to recover a concealed brass vessel and compelled to dive in; he drowned and his body was found floating on 21 October 1997. The court found sheer negligence and callous, high-handed custodial action, noting that respondent No 3 stood convicted under Section 304-A IPC by the trial court in 2008 while respondent No 4 was acquitted. Following Nilabati Behera, the court allowed the Article 226 petition and awarded Rs 1.5 lakh compensation to the father, Dukhuram, leaving him free to pursue traditional remedies for any balance. The incident predates the creation of Janjgir-Champa (1998), Sakti (2022) and Chhattisgarh state (2000). Respondent No. 4, who is not named in the judgment, was acquitted of the charges by the trial court on 18 February 2008 while respondent No. 3 was held guilty under Section 304A IPC; no culpability finding in this judgment runs against respondent No. 4. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "A Raipura man, arrested on suspicion of theft, was taken handcuffed and chained by two PS Baradwar police officials to Kumhiya pond at village Raipura to recover a concealed brass vessel and compelled to dive in; he drowned and his body was found floating on 21 October 1997. The court found sheer negligence and callous, high-handed custodial action, noting that respondent No 3 stood convicted under Section 304-A IPC by the trial court in 2008 while respondent No 4 was acquitted. Following Nilabati Behera, the court allowed the Article 226 petition and awarded Rs 1.5 lakh compensation to the father, Dukhuram, leaving him free to pursue traditional remedies for any balance. The incident predates the creation of Janjgir-Champa (1998), Sakti (2022) and Chhattisgarh state (2000).",
 "court_quote": "The judgment of the Trial Court clearly shows that the deceased-a Raipura man died due to negligent act of respondent No. 3.",
 "court_quote_para": "5",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "WP 1427/2004 verified on Indian Kanoon; Rs 1.5L compensation; R3 convicted u/s 304-A by trial court.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "2011-03-30",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Chhattisgarh High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Chhattisgarh High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.",
   "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)",
   "source": "Writ Petition No. 1427 of 2004",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/16668791/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/895876/dukhuram-vs-state-of-chhattisgarh-and-others/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-03",
  "chunk-r02",
  "chunk-r10"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "CHHATT-012",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}