{
 "record_id": "CW-2011-0019",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0297",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Prithipal Singh Etc. vs State of Punjab & Anr. Etc.",
 "display_title_redacted": "Prithipal Singh Etc. vs State of Punjab & Anr. Etc.",
 "state": "Punjab",
 "district": "Amritsar",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Amritsar",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Jhabal, Tarn Taran",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Prithipal Singh Etc. vs State of Punjab & Anr. Etc.",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 523-528 of 2009",
 "citation": "(2012) 1 SCC 10; AIR 2012 SC (Criminal) 333; 2012 AIR SCW 594",
 "judges": [
  "Dr. B.S. Chauhan",
  "P. Sathasivam"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2011-11-04",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2011,
 "incident_date": "1995-09-06",
 "incident_year": 1995,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance",
 "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance",
 "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 302",
  "IPC 34",
  "IPC 364",
  "IPC 120B",
  "IPC 201"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Jaspal Singh",
   "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.08,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.87,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Jaspal Singh",
   "display": "Jaspal Singh (Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP))"
  },
  {
   "name": "Satnam Singh",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector (SHO)",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.08,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.91,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Satnam Singh",
   "display": "Satnam Singh (Sub-Inspector (SHO))"
  },
  {
   "name": "Surinderpal Singh",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.08,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.91,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Surinderpal Singh",
   "display": "Surinderpal Singh (Sub-Inspector)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Jasbir Singh",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.08,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.9,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Jasbir Singh",
   "display": "Jasbir Singh (Sub-Inspector)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Prithipal Singh",
   "rank": "Head Constable",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.07,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.93,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Prithipal Singh",
   "display": "Prithipal Singh (Head Constable)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 5,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Amritsar man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/342168/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/38806.pdf"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. Human rights activist an Amritsar man, who investigated and exposed the mass illegal cremations of thousands of unidentified bodies by Punjab Police, was abducted outside his Amritsar home on 6 September 1995. He was detained secretly at Police Station Jhabal in Tarn Taran, subjected to severe torture, and subsequently shot dead, with his body discarded in the Harike canal. The trial court and Punjab and Haryana High Court convicted five police personnel, enhancing four abductors sentences to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court dismissed all appeals, upholding the life imprisonment sentences for DSP Jaspal Singh and four other police officers, and observed that tolerance of police atrocities would subvert the rule of law.",
 "summary_verified": "Human rights activist an Amritsar man, who investigated and exposed the mass illegal cremations of thousands of unidentified bodies by Punjab Police, was abducted outside his Amritsar home on 6 September 1995. He was detained secretly at Police Station Jhabal in Tarn Taran, subjected to severe torture, and subsequently shot dead, with his body discarded in the Harike canal. The trial court and Punjab and Haryana High Court convicted five police personnel, enhancing four abductors sentences to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court dismissed all appeals, upholding the life imprisonment sentences for DSP Jaspal Singh and four other police officers, and observed that tolerance of police atrocities would subvert the rule of law.",
 "court_quote": "Tolerance of police atrocities, as in the instant case, would amount to acceptance of systematic subversion and erosion of the rule of law.",
 "court_quote_para": "48",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Supreme Court upheld convictions and life imprisonment sentences of five Punjab Police personnel for the abduction, illegal custody torture, and murder of activist an Amritsar man",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "(2012) 1 SCC 10; AIR 2012 SC (Criminal) 333; 2012 AIR SCW 594",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2011-11-04",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "(2012) 1 SCC 10; AIR 2012 SC (Criminal) 333; 2012 AIR SCW 594",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/342168/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/38806.pdf",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-10"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-002",
 "officers_named_public": 5,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}