{
 "record_id": "CW-2011-0045",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0785",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Mahesh Babu vs State",
 "display_title_redacted": "Mahesh Babu vs State",
 "state": "Delhi",
 "district": "Central Delhi",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Delhi",
 "police_station_or_unit": "PS Sisa Mau, Kanpur (UP Police); offence near Old Delhi Railway Station",
 "court": "Delhi High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Delhi High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Mahesh Babu vs State",
 "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 258 of 1997",
 "citation": "(2012) 1 AD 593 : (2012) 1 JCC 141",
 "judges": [
  "Badar Durrez Ahmed",
  "Veena Birbal"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2011-12-05",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2011,
 "incident_date": "1992-11-09",
 "incident_year": 1992,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory_display": "other",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 302",
  "Arms Act 1959 s.27"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Mahesh Babu",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "PS Sisa Mau, District Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Police",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.04,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.98,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Mahesh Babu",
   "display": "Mahesh Babu (Sub-Inspector)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "Delhi man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/393366/mahesh-babu-appellant-hash-state-respondent/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/85724739/",
  "https://pdf.lawlens.in/89b17eee-8c31-45c7-a0c9-5dbee458fda9"
 ],
 "summary": "The Delhi High Court dismissed the appeal of UP Police Sub-Inspector Mahesh Babu and upheld his conviction for murdering Delhi Police constable with his service revolver near Old Delhi railway station on 9 November 1992. The Court held eyewitness testimony and a ballistic match between the bullets in the body and the appellant's service revolver proved the intentional firing of four shots, rejecting the plea that the case fell under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC for want of sudden fight or heat of passion. It upheld the sentences of life imprisonment with Rs 1,000 fine under Section 302 IPC and three years' rigorous imprisonment with Rs 1,000 fine under Section 27 of the Arms Act, to run concurrently, and ordered the appellant taken into custody. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Delhi High Court dismissed the appeal of UP Police Sub-Inspector Mahesh Babu and upheld his conviction for murdering Delhi Police constable with his service revolver near Old Delhi railway station on 9 November 1992. The Court held eyewitness testimony and a ballistic match between the bullets in the body and the appellant's service revolver proved the intentional firing of four shots, rejecting the plea that the case fell under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC for want of sudden fight or heat of passion. It upheld the sentences of life imprisonment with Rs 1,000 fine under Section 302 IPC and three years' rigorous imprisonment with Rs 1,000 fine under Section 27 of the Arms Act, to run concurrently, and ordered the appellant taken into custody.",
 "court_quote": "It is absolutely clear that the appellant wanted to finish constable and he succeeded in doing so.",
 "court_quote_para": "13",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "HC upheld UP SI's murder conviction for shooting a Delhi constable; life + 3 years RI concurrent.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Delhi High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Delhi High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "(2012) 1 AD 593 : (2012) 1 JCC 141",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2011-12-05",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Delhi High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Delhi High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "(2012) 1 AD 593 : (2012) 1 JCC 141",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/393366/mahesh-babu-appellant-hash-state-respondent/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/85724739/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://pdf.lawlens.in/89b17eee-8c31-45c7-a0c9-5dbee458fda9",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-59"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GAP2-18-002",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}