{
 "record_id": "CW-2013-0013",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0342",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Baldev Singh vs State of Punjab with [name withheld] vs State of Punjab",
 "display_title_redacted": "Baldev Singh vs State of Punjab with [name withheld] vs State of Punjab",
 "state": "Punjab",
 "district": "Amritsar",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Bagga",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Kathunangal",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Baldev Singh vs State of Punjab with [name withheld] vs State of Punjab",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 1303 and 1380 of 2005",
 "citation": "(2014) 12 SCC 473",
 "judges": [
  "A. K. Patnaik",
  "Gyan Sudha Misra"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2013-09-20",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2013,
 "incident_date": "1991-10-29",
 "incident_year": 1991,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance",
 "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance",
 "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 364",
  "IPC 452"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Baldev Singh",
   "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Punjab Police, Dera Baba Nanak Sub-Division",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.23,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.92,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Baldev Singh",
   "display": "Baldev Singh (Deputy Superintendent of Police)"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Punjab Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2:unclear",
    "key2_union:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "unclear",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "unclear",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.91,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.52,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Punjab Police"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 2,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Bagga man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 7,
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": 35,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/127827057/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609af40e4b0149711415f23",
  "https://orderlaw-bphmhzeseagsd2ce.z03.azurefd.net/cms-cnr-data/supreme_court_data/pdf_files/jonew/judis/40798.pdf"
 ],
 "summary": "The Supreme Court (Justices A. K. Patnaik and Gyan Sudha Misra) upheld the abduction convictions of a Punjab DSP and a constable for the 29 October 1991 Bagga abductions of seven men, affirming the trial court's 1998 verdict and the High Court's 2005 dismissal of their appeal. The Court held the abductions proved by the complainant's testimony with corroboration, explaining the FIR delay by threats, but set aside the murder conspiracy convictions for want of last-seen-in-custody evidence under s.106 Evidence Act. Treating each victim as a separate s.364 offence, it ordered five years' RI for each of the seven abductions to run consecutively (35 years) plus fines, with the s.452 term maintained. This criminal trial was the sequel to the Inder Singh habeas compensation order. The judgment names two different men called [name withheld]: the appellant-constable convicted in this case and a co-accused of the same name acquitted by the trial court; only the appellant-constable is the convicted officer in this record. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court (Justices A. K. Patnaik and Gyan Sudha Misra) upheld the abduction convictions of a Punjab DSP and a constable for the 29 October 1991 Bagga abductions of seven men, affirming the trial court's 1998 verdict and the High Court's 2005 dismissal of their appeal. The Court held the abductions proved by the complainant's testimony with corroboration, explaining the FIR delay by threats, but set aside the murder conspiracy convictions for want of last-seen-in-custody evidence under s.106 Evidence Act. Treating each victim as a separate s.364 offence, it ordered five years' RI for each of the seven abductions to run consecutively (35 years) plus fines, with the s.452 term maintained. This criminal trial was the sequel to the Inder Singh habeas compensation order.",
 "court_quote": "We, therefore, set aside the conviction of the two Appellants u/s 302 read with Section 120B, Indian Penal Code but maintain the conviction of the Appellants under Sections 364 and 452, Indian Penal Code.",
 "court_quote_para": "28",
 "confidence": "medium",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "SC maintained s.364/s.452 convictions (7 consecutive terms); murder convictions set aside.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "(2014) 12 SCC 473",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2013-09-20",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "(2014) 12 SCC 473",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "wrong_facts",
   "corrections_applied": [
    "court_quote"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/127827057/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609af40e4b0149711415f23",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://orderlaw-bphmhzeseagsd2ce.z03.azurefd.net/cms-cnr-data/supreme_court_data/pdf_files/jonew/judis/40798.pdf",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-30",
  "chunk-33"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "NORTH-001",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}