{
 "record_id": "CW-2017-0005",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0212",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Raghavan vs State Of Kerala",
 "display_title_redacted": "Raghavan vs State Of Kerala",
 "state": "Kerala",
 "district": "Alappuzha",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Vallikunnam",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Vallikunnam Police Station",
 "court": "Kerala High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Raghavan vs State Of Kerala",
 "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 263 of 2011",
 "citation": null,
 "judges": [
  "P. Ubaid"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2017-06-23",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2017,
 "incident_date": "2002-11-12",
 "incident_year": 2002,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "corruption",
 "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act",
 "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act",
 "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "PC Act 1988 s.7",
  "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d)",
  "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Raghavan",
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Vallikunnam Police Station",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.23,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.95,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Raghavan",
   "display": "Raghavan (Sub-Inspector)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Vallikunnam man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": 1,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/58914444/",
 "secondary_sources": [],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Former Sub-Inspector Raghavan of Vallikunnam Police Station was prosecuted for demanding and accepting Rs. 1,000 and a bottle of liquor from complainant [name withheld] to settle an assault case. The vigilance team trapped the accused at his residence and recovered the tainted currency and liquor bottle. The Kerala High Court confirmed his conviction under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, holding that demand and acceptance were proved beyond reasonable doubt. Taking into account the officer's age and the lapse of 15 years, the High Court reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of one year simple imprisonment and fine. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "Former Sub-Inspector Raghavan of Vallikunnam Police Station was prosecuted for demanding and accepting Rs. 1,000 and a bottle of liquor from complainant [name withheld] to settle an assault case. The vigilance team trapped the accused at his residence and recovered the tainted currency and liquor bottle. The Kerala High Court confirmed his conviction under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, holding that demand and acceptance were proved beyond reasonable doubt. Taking into account the officer's age and the lapse of 15 years, the High Court reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of one year simple imprisonment and fine.",
 "court_quote": "In the result, the conviction against the appellant in C.C 38/2008 made by the court below under Sections 7 and 13 ( 1) (d) read with Section 13 (2) of the P.C Act is confirmed, and the appeal is disposed of accordingly.",
 "court_quote_para": "20",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Kerala High Court confirmed the PC Act conviction of former Sub-Inspector Raghavan for demanding and accepting a bribe, reducing the sentence to statutory minimum.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "Crl.A. No. 263 of 2011",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2017-06-23",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Kerala High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "Crl.A. No. 263 of 2011",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/58914444/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-07"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "KERALA-012",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}