{
 "record_id": "CW-2017-0013",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0098",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Delhi Police Sub-Inspector and others vs State",
 "display_title_redacted": "Delhi Police Sub-Inspector and others vs State",
 "state": "Delhi",
 "district": "North East Delhi",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Shahdara",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police (FIR 231/1995, PS Welcome)",
 "court": "Delhi High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Delhi High Court",
 "bench": "Division Bench: S. Muralidhar and I.S. Mehta JJ. (judgment authored by Muralidhar J.)",
 "case_title": "Delhi Police Sub-Inspector and others vs State",
 "case_number": "Crl.A. Nos. 74, 88, 89, 91, 106 and 118 of 2001",
 "citation": "246 (2018) DLT 35",
 "judges": [
  "S. Muralidhar",
  "I.S. Mehta"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2017-12-14",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2017,
 "incident_date": "1995-07-30",
 "incident_year": 1995,
 "category": "Custodial death",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory": "custodial_death",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial death",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304 Part II",
  "IPC 34",
  "IPC 452",
  "IPC 365"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector",
   "unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.22,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.93,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Sub-Inspector, Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Head Constable",
   "unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.29,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.93,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Head Constable, Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Head Constable",
   "unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.25,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.94,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Head Constable, Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.26,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.93,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.25,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.94,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "unit": "Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.27,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.94,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Special Staff (North-East), Delhi Police"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 6,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "Shahdara man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": 8,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/158287279/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.livelaw.in/delhi-hc-uphold-conviction-six-policemen-custodial-death-case-says-not-much-changed-since-d-k-basu-judgment"
 ],
 "summary": "The Delhi High Court (S. Muralidhar, J.) upheld the culpability of six Special Staff (North-East) policemen for the custodial killing of a Shahdara man Raided past midnight on 30/31 July 1995 over suspected illegal arms, he was beaten inside his house, while being dragged, on Shahdara flyover and at the Special Staff office, then handed to acquaintances instead of hospital; he died on 8 August 1995 of a traumatic head injury. The Court rejected the hypertension/fall defences and held Section 34 proved for the pre-planned team, but converted the murder convictions to Section 304 Part II read with Section 34 since the fatal blow could not be pinned on one accused, sentencing each to eight years' rigorous imprisonment concurrently, cancelling bail and ordering surrender forthwith. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Delhi High Court (S. Muralidhar, J.) upheld the culpability of six Special Staff (North-East) policemen for the custodial killing of a Shahdara man Raided past midnight on 30/31 July 1995 over suspected illegal arms, he was beaten inside his house, while being dragged, on Shahdara flyover and at the Special Staff office, then handed to acquaintances instead of hospital; he died on 8 August 1995 of a traumatic head injury. The Court rejected the hypertension/fall defences and held Section 34 proved for the pre-planned team, but converted the murder convictions to Section 304 Part II read with Section 34 since the fatal blow could not be pinned on one accused, sentencing each to eight years' rigorous imprisonment concurrently, cancelling bail and ordering surrender forthwith.",
 "court_quote": "The Court is satisfied that although the culpability of the accused for the homicidal death of the deceased has been proved beyond reasonable doubt, the evidence of the prosecution does not precisely point out which of the accused caused the fatal injuries.",
 "court_quote_para": "91",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Primary judgment verified: 6 policemen's culpability upheld; 302/34 converted to 304-II/34, 8 years RI each.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial death",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Delhi High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Delhi High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "246 (2018) DLT 35",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2017-12-14",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Delhi High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Delhi High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "246 (2018) DLT 35",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": [
    "court_quote_para",
    "bench"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/158287279/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/delhi-hc-uphold-conviction-six-policemen-custodial-death-case-says-not-much-changed-since-d-k-basu-judgment",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": false,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-15",
  "chunk-r09"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "DELHI-007",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}