{
 "record_id": "CW-2019-0025",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-1146",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Mumbai Police personnel v. State of Maharashtra and Others",
 "display_title_redacted": "Mumbai Police personnel v. State of Maharashtra and Others",
 "state": "Maharashtra",
 "district": "Mumbai Suburban",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Mumbai",
 "police_station_or_unit": "D.N. Nagar / Versova Police Stations",
 "court": "Bombay High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Bombay High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Mumbai Police personnel v. State of Maharashtra and Others",
 "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 4845 of 2015",
 "citation": "AIR Online 2019 Bom 936",
 "judges": [
  "B. P. Dharmadhikari",
  "Revati Mohite Dere"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2019-03-06",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2019,
 "incident_date": "2006-11-11",
 "incident_year": 2006,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing",
 "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing",
 "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 302",
  "IPC 364",
  "IPC 365",
  "IPC 368",
  "IPC 344",
  "IPC 201",
  "IPC 119",
  "IPC 120B",
  "CrPC 432"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
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   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
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   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
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   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
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   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
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   "key2_gemapi": null,
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   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": null,
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Mumbai Police",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Police personnel, Mumbai Police"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 11,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Mumbai man"
  },
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Mumbai man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 2,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/20913765/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/bombay-hc-state-govts-order-us-432-release-11-cops-conviction-fake-encounter-case-143387"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Bombay High Court records the following account. On 11 November 2006, personnel of the D.N. Nagar and Versova police stations abducted Ramnarayan Gupta alias Lakhanbhaiya and [name withheld], and Gupta was shot dead in what was projected as an encounter. A Magistrate inquiry under section 176(1A) CrPC concluded the encounter was fake, leading to an SIT, FIR and the conviction of 21 accused including 11 policemen, sentenced to life imprisonment by the Sessions Court on 12 July 2013. While their appeals were pending, the State suspended the policemen's sentences for six months under section 432 CrPC and released them. The High Court held the suspension order perverse and bad in law, showing non-application of mind and reliance on irrelevant material, and quashed it, restoring the operation of the life sentences. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "On 11 November 2006, personnel of the D.N. Nagar and Versova police stations abducted Ramnarayan Gupta alias Lakhanbhaiya and [name withheld], and Gupta was shot dead in what was projected as an encounter. A Magistrate inquiry under section 176(1A) CrPC concluded the encounter was fake, leading to an SIT, FIR and the conviction of 21 accused including 11 policemen, sentenced to life imprisonment by the Sessions Court on 12 July 2013. While their appeals were pending, the State suspended the policemen's sentences for six months under section 432 CrPC and released them. The High Court held the suspension order perverse and bad in law, showing non-application of mind and reliance on irrelevant material, and quashed it, restoring the operation of the life sentences.",
 "court_quote": "Courts cannot be expected to be silent spectators to such decisions, which are blatantly perverse and unsustainable in law.",
 "court_quote_para": "26",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Bombay HC quashed the 2 Dec 2015 s.432 CrPC suspension of the life sentences of 11 policemen convicted in the Lakhanbhaiya fake encounter; Sessions Court convictions restored.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Bombay High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Bombay High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "AIR Online 2019 Bom 936",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2019-03-06",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Bombay High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Bombay High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "AIR Online 2019 Bom 936",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/20913765/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/bombay-hc-state-govts-order-us-432-release-11-cops-conviction-fake-encounter-case-143387",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-104"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GAP3-25-001",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}