{
 "record_id": "CW-2020-0008",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0323",
 "alias_merged_ids": [
  "CWC-1444"
 ],
 "display_title": "State of Rajasthan and Ors. vs Heem Singh",
 "display_title_redacted": "State of Rajasthan and Ors. vs Heem Singh",
 "state": "Rajasthan",
 "district": "Rajsamand",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Khamnaur",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Rajasthan Police",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "State of Rajasthan and Ors. vs Heem Singh",
 "case_number": "Civil Appeal No. 3340 of 2020",
 "citation": "AIRONLINE 2020 SC 795",
 "judges": [
  "D.Y. Chandrachud",
  "Indu Malhotra",
  "Indira Banerjee"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2020-10-29",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2020,
 "incident_date": "2002-08-15",
 "incident_year": 2002,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory_display": "other",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "Constitution of India Art. 142",
  "Constitution of India Art. 226",
  "IPC 302",
  "IPC 120B",
  "IPC 201"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Heem Singh",
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Rajasthan Police",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.13,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.88,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Heem Singh",
   "display": "Heem Singh (Constable)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Khamnaur man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "dismissal",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/173130822/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/sc-upholds-dismissal-of-police-constable-acquitted-in-a-murder-case-165156",
  "https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/10/30/police-constable-acquitted-in-a-murder-case-but-dismissed-from-service-after-a-related-disciplinary-enquiry-read-why-sc-upheld-the-dismissal/"
 ],
 "summary": "The Supreme Court set aside a Rajasthan High Court Division Bench order that had directed reinstatement of Constable Heem Singh, who was dismissed from service after a departmental inquiry found him complicit in a conspiracy to murder a Khamnaur man in August 2002. Although Heem Singh had been acquitted in the criminal trial due to witnesses turning hostile, the Supreme Court ruled that acquittal in a criminal case does not automatically vitiate disciplinary findings governed by the standard of preponderance of probabilities. Observing that retaining an officer found culpable of serious misconduct would undermine public confidence in the police, the Court restored the disciplinary penalty of dismissal, granting only notional minimum qualifying service under Article 142 to facilitate retiral dues without back wages. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court set aside a Rajasthan High Court Division Bench order that had directed reinstatement of Constable Heem Singh, who was dismissed from service after a departmental inquiry found him complicit in a conspiracy to murder a Khamnaur man in August 2002. Although Heem Singh had been acquitted in the criminal trial due to witnesses turning hostile, the Supreme Court ruled that acquittal in a criminal case does not automatically vitiate disciplinary findings governed by the standard of preponderance of probabilities. Observing that retaining an officer found culpable of serious misconduct would undermine public confidence in the police, the Court restored the disciplinary penalty of dismissal, granting only notional minimum qualifying service under Article 142 to facilitate retiral dues without back wages.",
 "court_quote": "True, even on the more relaxed standard which governs a disciplinary enquiry, evidence of the involvement of the respondent in a conspiracy involving the death of a Khamnaur man would be difficult to prove. But there are, as we have seen earlier, circumstances emerging from the record of the disciplinary proceedings which bring legitimacy to the contention of the State that to reinstate such an employee back in service will erode the credibility of and public confidence in the image of the police force.",
 "court_quote_para": "35",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Supreme Court upheld disciplinary dismissal of Constable Heem Singh for murder conspiracy, holding criminal acquittal did not preclude departmental dismissal.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "2020-10-29",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only",
   "source": "AIRONLINE 2020 SC 795",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/173130822/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/sc-upholds-dismissal-of-police-constable-acquitted-in-a-murder-case-165156",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/10/30/police-constable-acquitted-in-a-murder-case-but-dismissed-from-service-after-a-related-disciplinary-enquiry-read-why-sc-upheld-the-dismissal/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-11",
  "chunk-45"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "RAJAST-005",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}