{
 "record_id": "CW-2022-0018",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0324",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "The State of Rajasthan and Ors. vs Phool Singh",
 "display_title_redacted": "The State of Rajasthan and Ors. vs Phool Singh",
 "state": "Rajasthan",
 "district": "Dholpur",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Mania",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Mania Police Station",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "The State of Rajasthan and Ors. vs Phool Singh",
 "case_number": "Civil Appeal No. 5930 of 2022",
 "citation": "2022 LiveLaw (SC) 735",
 "judges": [
  "S. Ravindra Bhat",
  "Sudhanshu Dhulia"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2022-09-02",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2022,
 "incident_date": "1987-10-15",
 "incident_year": 1987,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "extortion",
 "subcategory": "extortion",
 "subcategory_display": "extortion",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 392",
  "Arms Act 1959 s.3",
  "Arms Act 1959 s.25"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Phool Singh",
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Mania Police Station",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.2,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.9,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Phool Singh",
   "display": "Phool Singh (Constable)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Mania man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "dismissal",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/91078594/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-employee-disciplinary-proceedings-criminal-case-acquittal-state-of-rajasthan-vs-phool-singh-2022-livelaw-sc-735-208343"
 ],
 "summary": "The Supreme Court set aside judgments of the Single Judge and Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court (Jaipur Bench) that had quashed the disciplinary dismissal of Constable Phool Singh of Mania Police Station, Dholpur. On 15 October 1987, while off-duty but dressed in uniform, Phool Singh accosted motorcyclist Mahesh Kumar, demanded Rs. 100, seized his vehicle upon non-payment, and waved an illegal firearm at a gathering crowd before discharging it. Although an appellate court later acquitted him under Section 392 IPC and Section 3/25 Arms Act on the ground of benefit of doubt, the Supreme Court ruled that a benefit-of-doubt acquittal is not an honourable acquittal and cannot invalidate departmental proceedings, thereby confirming his dismissal. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court set aside judgments of the Single Judge and Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court (Jaipur Bench) that had quashed the disciplinary dismissal of Constable Phool Singh of Mania Police Station, Dholpur. On 15 October 1987, while off-duty but dressed in uniform, Phool Singh accosted motorcyclist M. K., demanded Rs. 100, seized his vehicle upon non-payment, and waved an illegal firearm at a gathering crowd before discharging it. Although an appellate court later acquitted him under Section 392 IPC and Section 3/25 Arms Act on the ground of benefit of doubt, the Supreme Court ruled that a benefit-of-doubt acquittal is not an honourable acquittal and cannot invalidate departmental proceedings, thereby confirming his dismissal.",
 "court_quote": "Therefore, in the present case the acquittal of the respondent is not an honourable acquittal, but an acquittal given due to a “benefit of doubt”. Under these circumstances and in view of the position of law as stated above, this appeal is allowed and the order dated 29.01.2014 of the learned Single Judge and the order dated 09.09.2020 of the Division Bench of Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur Bench are hereby set aside.",
 "court_quote_para": "14",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Supreme Court set aside Rajasthan High Court orders and upheld the disciplinary dismissal of Constable Phool Singh for extortion and brandishing an illegal firearm.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "2022-09-02",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only",
   "source": "2022 LiveLaw (SC) 735",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/91078594/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-employee-disciplinary-proceedings-criminal-case-acquittal-state-of-rajasthan-vs-phool-singh-2022-livelaw-sc-735-208343",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-11"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SUPREM-024",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}