{
 "record_id": "CW-2023-0019",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0126",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Ram Niwas vs Union of India & Ors.; Raj Singh vs Union of India & Ors.",
 "display_title_redacted": "Ram Niwas vs Union of India & Ors.; Raj Singh vs Union of India & Ors.",
 "state": "Delhi",
 "district": "South East Delhi",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Tughlakabad",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Railway Protection Force, Tughlakabad railway station",
 "court": "Delhi High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Delhi High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Ram Niwas vs Union of India & Ors.; Raj Singh vs Union of India & Ors.",
 "case_number": "W.P.(C) 8139/2010 & W.P.(C) 8141/2010",
 "citation": null,
 "judges": [
  "Suresh Kumar Kait",
  "Neena Bansal Krishna"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2023-08-01",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2023,
 "incident_date": "1998-09-06",
 "incident_year": 1998,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "corruption",
 "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act",
 "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act",
 "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "PC Act 1988 s.7",
  "PC Act 1988 s.8",
  "PC Act 1988 s.13"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "Ram Niwas",
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Railway Protection Force, Tughlakabad railway station",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear(overruled by grok)",
    "key2_openrouter:no(overruled by grok)"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": "yes",
   "jev_risk": 0.09,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.89,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Ram Niwas",
   "display": "Ram Niwas (Constable)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Raj Singh",
   "rank": "Constable",
   "unit": "Railway Protection Force, Tughlakabad railway station",
   "role": "held_liable",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "key2_gemapi:unclear(overruled by grok)",
    "key2_openrouter:no(overruled by grok)"
   ],
   "ledger_role": "held_liable",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": "yes",
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "key2_gemapi": "unclear",
   "key2_openrouter": "no",
   "key2_gpt56": "yes",
   "grok": "yes",
   "jev_risk": 0.1,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.86,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "Raj Singh",
   "display": "Raj Singh (Constable)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 2,
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "age": null,
   "gender": null,
   "descriptor": "Tughlakabad resident"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "dismissal",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "railway",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/78613085/",
 "secondary_sources": [],
 "summary": "The Delhi High Court dismissed the writ petitions of two RPF constables posted at Tughlakabad railway station and sustained their removal from service for bribery. The Court noted they were caught in a Delhi ACB trap on 6 September 1998 accepting Rs 8,000 from complainant [name withheld] (FIR 35/98) and were removed after an RPF departmental enquiry in 2003, affirmed on appeal and review. Though a Special Judge acquitted them in the criminal trial in 2010, the Court held the acquittal was a benefit-of-doubt one giving no clean chit. It ruled that a dismissal founded on independent departmental findings on preponderance of probabilities cannot be undone by such an acquittal. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "The Delhi High Court dismissed the writ petitions of two RPF constables posted at Tughlakabad railway station and sustained their removal from service for bribery. The Court noted they were caught in a Delhi ACB trap on 6 September 1998 accepting Rs 8,000 from complainant [name withheld] (FIR 35/98) and were removed after an RPF departmental enquiry in 2003, affirmed on appeal and review. Though a Special Judge acquitted them in the criminal trial in 2010, the Court held the acquittal was a benefit-of-doubt one giving no clean chit. It ruled that a dismissal founded on independent departmental findings on preponderance of probabilities cannot be undone by such an acquittal.",
 "court_quote": "The acquittal of delinquent in a criminal case cannot by itself result in reinstatement in service of the petitioner who had been punished in the Departmental proceedings with a dismissal.",
 "court_quote_para": "19",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "Delhi HC judgment text verified on Indian Kanoon; both writs dismissed, RPF removals sustained.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "2023-08-01",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Delhi High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Delhi High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only",
   "source": "W.P.(C) 8139/2010 & W.P.(C) 8141/2010",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": [
    "court_quote_para"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/78613085/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": false,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-37"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "DELHI-035",
 "officers_named_public": 2,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}