{
 "record_id": "CW-2023-0026",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0362",
 "alias_merged_ids": [
  "CWC-1469"
 ],
 "display_title": "L. Nadhan and others vs State by [name withheld], CBI",
 "display_title_redacted": "L. Nadhan and others vs State by [name withheld], CBI",
 "state": "Tamil Nadu",
 "district": "Dharmapuri",
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "Vachathi",
 "police_station_or_unit": "Tamil Nadu Police (Harur / Dharmapuri raid party)",
 "court": "Madras High Court",
 "court_as_verified": "Madras High Court",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "L. Nadhan and others vs State by [name withheld], CBI",
 "case_number": "Crl.A. Nos. 618, 622, 624-626, 635, 649, 653-654, 657-660, 662, 665-666, 668-671, 673, 679, 682, 690, 692 of 2011",
 "citation": "2023:MHC:4526",
 "judges": [
  "P. Velmurugan, J."
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2023-09-29",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2023,
 "incident_date": "1992-06-20",
 "incident_year": 1992,
 "category": "Custodial torture",
 "admin_category": "brutality",
 "admin_subcategory": "custodial_rape_sexual_assault",
 "subcategory": "custodial_rape_sexual_assault",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial rape sexual assault",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 147",
  "IPC 323",
  "IPC 342",
  "IPC 376",
  "IPC 201",
  "SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 s.3(1)(x)",
  "SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 s.3(1)(xi)",
  "SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 s.3(2)(v)"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": "L. Nadhan & 83 other police personnel",
   "rank": "Various ranks",
   "unit": "Tamil Nadu Police (Vachathi raid party)",
   "role": "convicted",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "gate_reasons": [],
   "ledger_role": "convicted",
   "key2": "yes",
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": "yes",
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": 0.05,
   "jev_p_culpable": 0.95,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": "none_found",
   "name_public": "L. Nadhan & 83 other police personnel",
   "display": "L. Nadhan & 83 other police personnel (Various ranks)"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 84,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": null,
   "gender": "female",
   "descriptor": "Vachathi woman",
   "name": null
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": [
  {
   "age": null,
   "gender": "female",
   "descriptor": "the complainant"
  }
 ],
 "anonymised": true,
 "victim_count": 18,
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": 7.0,
 "compensation_inr": 18000000,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/160871868/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/madras-high-court/madras-high-court-1992-vachathi-crimes-officials-appeal-against-conviction-dismissed-238972",
  "https://www.barandbench.com/news/madras-high-court-upholds-conviction-of-tn-forest-department-officials-others-in-1992-vachathi-case",
  "https://lawtrend.in/vachathi-atrocity-hc-upholds-conviction-of-over-200-persons-directs-compensation-for-rape-victims/"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Madras High Court records the following account. Replace 'June 1992 the complainant atrocities' with 'June 1992 the complainant atrocities' and '18 the complainant women' with '18 the complainant women'. Note max sentence is 10 years RI under SC/ST Act s.3(2)(v) (para 4 table Sl.No.8), not 'up to 7 years' (7 years is the Sec 376 IPC component only). Totals '215 officials, including 84 police' are not stated in HC text (which speaks of 269 accused, confirms convictions) — retain only if trial-judgment citation added, else drop counts.",
 "summary_verified": "Replace 'June 1992 the complainant atrocities' with 'June 1992 Vachathi atrocities' and '18 the complainant women' with '18 tribal women'. Note max sentence is 10 years RI under SC/ST Act s.3(2)(v) (para 4 table Sl.No.8), not 'up to 7 years' (7 years is the Sec 376 IPC component only). Totals '215 officials, including 84 police' are not stated in HC text (which speaks of 269 accused, confirms convictions) — retain only if trial-judgment citation added, else drop counts.",
 "court_quote": "In view of the above discussion and for the foregoing reasons, this Court finds all the accused have committed the charged offences. There are no merits in these appeals and the same are liable to be dismissed.",
 "court_quote_para": "104",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "High Court upheld convictions of 84 police personnel and forest/revenue officials in 1992 Vachathi atrocities (custodial rape, assault, wrongful confinement).",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Custodial torture",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": null,
   "action_type": "Conviction",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Madras High Court judgment)",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Madras High Court judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "2023:MHC:4526",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  },
  {
   "date": "2023-09-29",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Madras High Court",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Madras High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)",
   "source": "2023:MHC:4526",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "wrong_facts",
   "corrections_applied": [
    "summary"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/160871868/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/madras-high-court/madras-high-court-1992-vachathi-crimes-officials-appeal-against-conviction-dismissed-238972",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/madras-high-court-upholds-conviction-of-tn-forest-department-officials-others-in-1992-vachathi-case",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://lawtrend.in/vachathi-atrocity-hc-upholds-conviction-of-over-200-persons-directs-compensation-for-rape-victims/",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-12",
  "chunk-45"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "SWOTHERM-010",
 "officers_named_public": 1,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}