{
 "record_id": "CW-2023-0047",
 "status": "current",
 "merged_id": "CWC-0914",
 "alias_merged_ids": [],
 "display_title": "Delhi Police Constable v. State of NCT, Delhi",
 "display_title_redacted": "Delhi Police Constable v. State of NCT, Delhi",
 "state": "Delhi",
 "district": null,
 "district_at_time": null,
 "city_town": "New Delhi",
 "police_station_or_unit": "I.P. Estate Police Station",
 "court": "Supreme Court of India",
 "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India",
 "bench": null,
 "case_title": "Delhi Police Constable v. State of NCT, Delhi",
 "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 2390 of 2010",
 "citation": "2023 INSC 622; 2023 LiveLaw (SC) 539",
 "judges": [
  "Abhay S. Oka",
  "Rajesh Bindal"
 ],
 "judgment_date": "2023-07-17",
 "date_precision": "day",
 "judgment_year": 2023,
 "incident_date": "1994-12-28",
 "incident_year": 1994,
 "category": "Other",
 "admin_category": "misconduct",
 "admin_subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory": "other",
 "subcategory_display": "other",
 "protest_override_heuristic": false,
 "outcome_type": "conviction_by_sc",
 "sections": [
  "IPC 304A"
 ],
 "officers": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "rank": "Constable",
   "role": "convicted",
   "unit": "Delhi Police, I.P. Estate Police Station",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "gate_reasons": [
    "ledger:no_row",
    "key2:no_row"
   ],
   "ledger_role": null,
   "key2": null,
   "key2_agy": null,
   "key2_claude": null,
   "key2_union": null,
   "key2_gemapi": null,
   "key2_openrouter": null,
   "key2_gpt56": null,
   "grok": null,
   "jev_risk": null,
   "jev_p_culpable": null,
   "key2_gpt": null,
   "later_outcome": null,
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "Constable, Delhi Police, I.P. Estate Police Station"
  }
 ],
 "officer_count": 1,
 "victims": [
  {
   "age": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "New Delhi man"
  }
 ],
 "victims_redacted": null,
 "anonymised": false,
 "victim_count": 1,
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": 2,
 "compensation_inr": null,
 "force": "state_police",
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/539-arvind-kumar-v-state-nct-of-delhi-17-jul-2023-482021.pdf",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/186731186/",
  "https://www.livelaw.in/amp/supreme-court/supreme-court-modifies-conviction-death-accidental-firing-pistol-safety-position-233101"
 ],
 "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. On 28 December 1994 guard constable, carrying an SAF carbine at I.P. Estate Police Station, went to stop fellow constable from long use of the official telephone, and during a scuffle the carbine entangled in his belt chain and five rounds discharged into the deceased neck, killing him. A Section 304A case was first registered, but after the deceased father complaint the Crime Branch chargesheeted murder, and the trial court and Delhi High Court convicted under Section 302 IPC with life sentence. The Supreme Court disbelieved the alleged motive, accepted the eyewitness account of accidental discharge, and held none of the Section 299 culpable-homicide ingredients proved. It set aside the murder conviction but held the failure to keep the change lever on safety was gross negligence causing death, substituting a Section 304A conviction treated as already undergone after over eight years served. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.",
 "summary_verified": "On 28 December 1994 guard constable, carrying an SAF carbine at I.P. Estate Police Station, went to stop fellow constable from long use of the official telephone, and during a scuffle the carbine entangled in his belt chain and five rounds discharged into the deceased neck, killing him. A Section 304A case was first registered, but after the deceased father complaint the Crime Branch chargesheeted murder, and the trial court and Delhi High Court convicted under Section 302 IPC with life sentence. The Supreme Court disbelieved the alleged motive, accepted the eyewitness account of accidental discharge, and held none of the Section 299 culpable-homicide ingredients proved. It set aside the murder conviction but held the failure to keep the change lever on safety was gross negligence causing death, substituting a Section 304A conviction treated as already undergone after over eight years served.",
 "court_quote": "The conviction of the appellant under Section 302 of the IPC is set aside and he is held guilty of committing the offence punishable under Section 304A of IPC.",
 "court_quote_para": "21",
 "confidence": "high",
 "verdict": "accept",
 "verdict_note": "SC set aside murder conviction but convicted constable under Section 304A for negligent service-weapon death.",
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "tier_history": [
  "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded"
 ],
 "allegations": [
  {
   "category": "Other",
   "primary": true,
   "position": "Material fact supported",
   "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.",
   "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation"
  }
 ],
 "institutional_response": [
  {
   "date": "2023-07-17",
   "action_type": "Order issued",
   "status": "Concluded",
   "authority": "Supreme Court of India",
   "independence": "External",
   "legal_effect": "Binding",
   "description": "The Supreme Court of India entered convictions against police personnel in this judgment.",
   "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation",
   "source": "2023 INSC 622; 2023 LiveLaw (SC) 539",
   "recheck": "Not yet re-checked."
  }
 ],
 "later_proceedings": [],
 "final_outcome_url": null,
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "link_checked_per_url": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/539-arvind-kumar-v-state-nct-of-delhi-17-jul-2023-482021.pdf",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/186731186/",
   "link_checked": null
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/amp/supreme-court/supreme-court-modifies-conviction-death-accidental-firing-pistol-safety-position-233101",
   "link_checked": null
  }
 ],
 "source_assessment": {
  "established": null,
  "basis": null
 },
 "v3_basis": null,
 "publication_basis": null,
 "reviews": [],
 "retracted": {
  "is_retracted": false
 },
 "fidelity_checked": true,
 "verified_by": [
  "chunk-77"
 ],
 "merged_case_id": "GAP2-60-004",
 "officers_named_public": 0,
 "record_flag": null,
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}