{
 "case_id": "t2-17-009",
 "alias_case_ids": [
  "t2-14-001"
 ],
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "gate_status": "V2",
 "verify_passes": {
  "t2-17-009": {
   "ds": "accept",
   "mverify": "accept",
   "mverify2": "accept",
   "or2": "accept"
  }
 },
 "verified_by": "t2mverify2-chunk-045 (SECOND independent pass — do not read any other verifier's output)",
 "verified_at": "2026-09-18T13:47:00Z",
 "verdict_note": "Lucknow Special CBI Court convicted 47 UP police/PAC men of 1991 Pilibhit fake encounter; HC later modified to s.304 Pt I.",
 "state": "Uttar Pradesh",
 "district": "Pilibhit",
 "court": "Special Judge CBI / Additional District Judge, Lucknow",
 "court_level": "cbi_court",
 "trial_court_name": "Special Judge CBI / Additional District Judge, Lucknow (Special Judge Lallu Singh)",
 "case_title": "CBI v. Pilibhit Police various ranks, UP Provincial Armed Constabulary",
 "case_number": null,
 "conviction_date": "2016-04-01",
 "conviction_year": 2016,
 "date_precision": "day",
 "incident_date": "1991-07-12",
 "incident_year": 1991,
 "category": "brutality",
 "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing",
 "raw_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing",
 "outcome_type": "trial_court_conviction",
 "officers": [
  {
   "rank": "various ranks, UP Provincial Armed Constabulary",
   "unit": "UP Provincial Armed Constabulary",
   "publish_grade": "unnamed",
   "name_public": null,
   "display": "various ranks, UP Provincial Armed Constabulary, UP Provincial Armed Constabulary",
   "key2_union": null,
   "name": null
  }
 ],
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "descriptor": "Pilibhit resident"
  }
 ],
 "sections": [
  "IPC 120B",
  "IPC 302",
  "IPC 364",
  "IPC 365",
  "IPC 218",
  "IPC 117"
 ],
 "sentence": "Life imprisonment to 47 policemen (trial court); Allahabad HC (Lucknow bench, 16 Dec 2022) modified to 7 years RI + fine under IPC s.304 Part I for 43 appellants",
 "sentence_type": "imprisonment",
 "sentence_max_years": null,
 "appeal_status": "upheld",
 "appeal_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/allahabad-high-court-pilibhit-fake-encounter1991-police-cant-kill-accused-dreaded-criminal-216843",
 "source_kind": "news",
 "source_agency": null,
 "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/devendra-pandey-and-others-vs-state-of-up-thru-cbi-along-with-connected-matters-allahabad-high-court-449401.pdf",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://www.livemint.com/Politics/h3SICJmH3S0rx2Sd2lbbtL/Pilibhit-encounter-CBI-court-awards-life-sentence-to-47-pol.html",
  "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_masacre_in_Pilibhit_forest",
  "https://www.domain-b.com/amp/economy/government-1/pilibhit-fake-encounter-special-cbi-court-sentences-47-policemen-to-life",
  "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/allahabad-high-court-pilibhit-fake-encounter1991-police-cant-kill-accused-dreaded-criminal-216843",
  "https://cbi.gov.in/press-detail/MTg3MQ==",
  "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/devendra-pandey-and-others-v-state-of-up-thru-cbi-and-connected-appeals-allahabad-hc-419288.pdf",
  "https://www.livemint.com/Politics/h3SICJmH3S0rx2Sd2lbbtL/Pilibhit-encounter-CBI-court-awards-life-sentence-to-47-pol.html?facet=amp",
  "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/allahabad-high-court-pilibhit-encounter-1991-exceeded-power-convicts-43cops-304parti-ipc-216837",
  "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/barbaric-inhuman-killing-allahabad-hc-denies-bail-34-cops-accused-killing-sikhs-fake-encounter-terrorists-200083"
 ],
 "summary": "The Lucknow Special CBI Court held 47 UP policemen guilty of abducting ten Sikh pilgrims from a bus on 12 July 1991, dividing them into groups and shooting them dead in cold blood in staged encounters to earn gallantry rewards, then fabricating records; all were sentenced to life on 4 April 2016 after a Supreme Court-ordered CBI probe. The Allahabad High Court in December 2022 sustained guilt but converted the conviction to IPC s.304 Part I with seven years for 43 appellants.",
 "court_quote": "fake encounter",
 "confidence": "high",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "source_job": "t2-17",
 "r8_check": {
  "date": "2026-09-19",
  "member_verdicts": {
   "t2-17-009": "holds"
  },
  "applied": [],
  "noted": [
   "t2-17-009:appeal_status"
  ]
 },
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published row against the official source (reverify/t2-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "t2-17-009=holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-09-25",
   "scope": "Official source added: Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) judgment of 15.12.2022 in Criminal Appeal No. 549 of 2016 and connected appeals (copy hosted by LiveLaw), which sets out the trial judgment of 04.04.2016 and alters the conviction to Section 304 Part I with seven years' RI and Rs 10,000 fine; CBI press release on the 2016 sentencing added."
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-09-25",
   "scope": "Duplicate record t2-14-001 (same 1991 Pilibhit case, same 04.04.2016 judgment) merged into this record; its sources are kept here and its URL redirects here."
  }
 ],
 "case_title_or_number": "CBI v. Pilibhit Police various ranks, UP Provincial Armed Constabulary",
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}