{
 "case_id": "t2w2-14-003",
 "alias_case_ids": [],
 "verification_status": "V2",
 "gate_status": "V2",
 "verify_passes": {
  "t2w2-14-003": {
   "mverify": "accept",
   "mverify2": "accept"
  }
 },
 "verified_by": "t2mverify-chunk-072",
 "verified_at": "2026-09-18T13:17:35Z",
 "verdict_note": "Kerala HC text confirms JFCM-I Kottarakkara convicted SI + 3 Ezhukone constables (CC 181/1996, ss.323/324 r/w 34); revisions dismissed 23.06.2021.",
 "state": "Kerala",
 "district": "Kollam",
 "court": "Court of Judicial First Class Magistrate-I, Kottarakkara",
 "court_level": "magistrate",
 "trial_court_name": "Court of Judicial First Class Magistrate-I, Kottarakkara (CC No. 181/1996)",
 "case_title": "Kollam Man v. D. Rajagopal & Ors (Ezhukone custodial torture)",
 "case_number": "CC No. 181/1996",
 "conviction_date": "2009",
 "conviction_year": 2009,
 "date_precision": "year",
 "incident_date": "1996-02-08",
 "incident_year": 1996,
 "category": "brutality",
 "subcategory": "custodial_torture",
 "raw_subcategory": "custodial_torture",
 "outcome_type": "trial_court_conviction",
 "officers": [
  {
   "rank": "Sub-Inspector (A-1, then SI)",
   "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station, Kollam",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "name_public": "D. Rajagopal",
   "display": "D. Rajagopal (Sub-Inspector (A-1, then SI))",
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "name": "D. Rajagopal"
  },
  {
   "rank": "Police Constable No. 4690 (A-3)",
   "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station, Kollam",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "name_public": "Manirajan",
   "display": "Manirajan (Police Constable No. 4690 (A-3))",
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "name": "Manirajan"
  },
  {
   "rank": "Police Constable No. 3817 (A-4)",
   "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station, Kollam",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "name_public": "Baby",
   "display": "Baby (Police Constable No. 3817 (A-4))",
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "name": "Baby"
  },
  {
   "rank": "Police Constable (A-5)",
   "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station, Kollam",
   "publish_grade": "named_safe",
   "name_public": "Sharafudeen",
   "display": "Sharafudeen (Police Constable (A-5))",
   "key2_union": "yes",
   "name": "Sharafudeen"
  }
 ],
 "victims": [
  {
   "name": null,
   "gender": "male",
   "descriptor": "Kollam man"
  }
 ],
 "sections": [
  "IPC 323 r/w IPC 34",
  "IPC 324 r/w IPC 34"
 ],
 "sentence": "1 year simple imprisonment + Rs 2,500 fine each under section 324/34; Rs 1,000 fine each under section 323/34; Rs 10,000 compensation to complainant from fine",
 "sentence_type": "mixed",
 "sentence_max_years": 1,
 "appeal_status": "upheld",
 "appeal_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/125749818/",
 "source_kind": "judgment",
 "source_agency": null,
 "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/125749818/",
 "secondary_sources": [
  "https://sabrangindia.in/kerala-hc-upholds-conviction-4-policemen-custodial-torture-case/",
  "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/kerala-high-court-section-197-crpc-sanction-not-required-to-prosecute-policemen-for-their-illegal-acts-183571"
 ],
 "summary": "The Judicial First Class Magistrate-I, Kottarakkara (CC No. 181/1996) convicted Sub-Inspector D. Rajagopal and three constables of Ezhukone police station for dragging complainant [name withheld] from his home to the station on 8 February 1996 over a wage demand against a policeman's kin, and brutally assaulting him in custody overnight — including cigarette burns on his tongue that left him unable to speak when produced before the Magistrate next day — after foisting a false obstruction case on him. The court sentenced each to one year's simple imprisonment plus fines under IPC sections 323 and 324 read with section 34. The Additional District and Sessions Judge (Adhoc)-II, Kollam confirmed the conviction in appeal, and the Kerala High Court (Justice Mary Joseph, Crl.R.P. Nos. 519-520/2013, 23 June 2021) upheld it, holding sanction under section 197 CrPC does not protect custodial torture.",
 "court_quote": "In the result, both revisions fail and are dismissed.",
 "confidence": "high",
 "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded",
 "source_job": "t2w2-14",
 "r8_check": {
  "date": "2026-09-19",
  "member_verdicts": {
   "t2w2-14-003": "holds"
  },
  "applied": [],
  "noted": []
 },
 "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported",
 "tier_badge": "Externally reported",
 "subcategory_display": "custodial torture",
 "last_checked": "2026-09-19",
 "followup_status": "checked",
 "followup_history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-09-19",
   "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass",
   "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published row against the official source (reverify/t2-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)",
   "result": "t2w2-14-003=holds",
   "corrections_applied": []
  }
 ],
 "case_title_or_number": "Kollam Man v. D. Rajagopal & Ors (Ezhukone PS custodial torture, 1996); CC No. 181/1996",
 "service": "police",
 "watch": "babuwatch"
}