{ "state": "Odisha", "slug": "odisha", "count": 24, "url": "https://datalibertarian.in/babuwatch/state/odisha", "cases": [ { "record_id": "CW-1956-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1306", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Harikucha village Police Assistant Sub-Inspector and others v. State", "display_title_redacted": "Harikucha village Police Assistant Sub-Inspector and others v. State", "state": "Odisha", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Harikucha village", "police_station_or_unit": "Balanga Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Harikucha village Police Assistant Sub-Inspector and others v. State", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 129 of 1955", "citation": "(1957) 23 CLT 31", "judges": [ "Rao, J.", "Das, J." ], "judgment_date": "1956-11-26", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1956, "incident_date": "1954-11-22", "incident_year": 1954, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 161", "IPC 165" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Police Department, Orissa", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Department, Orissa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable (No. 152)", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Police Department, Orissa", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable (No. 152), Police Department, Orissa" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Harikucha village man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Harikucha village man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 2, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/103203/lalit-mohan-paramaguru-and-mohan-munda-appellant-hash-the-state-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/browse/Case?CaseId=516591390000&title=lalit-mohan-paramaguru-and--vs.-the-state" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. An Assistant Sub-Inspector and a Constable visited Harikucha village in connection with a theft case, took a fowl and biri without payment, and the next morning accepted a goat and plantains as gratification for forbearing to act officially. The Special Judge, Sambalpur convicted the ASI under section 161 IPC (2 years RI) and the Constable on two counts under section 165 IPC (1.5 years RI each, concurrent). On 26 November 1956 the Division Bench dismissed their appeal, holding the Superintendent of Police had validly sanctioned prosecution after supervising the investigation and that all charges formed one transaction. The court confirmed both convictions and sentences on the eyewitness evidence. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "An Assistant Sub-Inspector and a Constable visited Harikucha village in connection with a theft case, took a fowl and biri without payment, and the next morning accepted a goat and plantains as gratification for forbearing to act officially. The Special Judge, Sambalpur convicted the ASI under section 161 IPC (2 years RI) and the Constable on two counts under section 165 IPC (1.5 years RI each, concurrent). On 26 November 1956 the Division Bench dismissed their appeal, holding the Superintendent of Police had validly sanctioned prosecution after supervising the investigation and that all charges formed one transaction. The court confirmed both convictions and sentences on the eyewitness evidence.", "court_quote": "All the contentions raised by the learned Counsel fail. The convictions and sentences are therefore confirmed and the appeal is dismissed.", "court_quote_para": "6", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Bribery convictions of ASI (2y RI) and constable (1.5y RI) confirmed; appeal dismissed.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Orissa High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Orissa High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(1957) 23 CLT 31", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1956-11-26", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(1957) 23 CLT 31", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/103203/lalit-mohan-paramaguru-and-mohan-munda-appellant-hash-the-state-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/browse/Case?CaseId=516591390000&title=lalit-mohan-paramaguru-and--vs.-the-state", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-125" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-91-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1974-0004", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1307", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Malkangiri Police Constable v. State of Orissa & Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Malkangiri Police Constable v. State of Orissa & Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Malkangiri", "district_at_time": "Koraput", "city_town": "Malkangiri", "police_station_or_unit": "Malkangiri Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Malkangiri Police Constable v. State of Orissa & Ors.", "case_number": "O.J.C. No. 240 of 1973", "citation": "(1974) 40 CLT 1294", "judges": [ "G. K. Misra", "B. K. Ray" ], "judgment_date": "1974-08-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1974, "incident_date": "1967-03-25", "incident_year": 1967, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 342", "IPC 392", "Orissa Service Code Rules 90, 93, 94" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Malkangiri Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Malkangiri Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/91812/banshidhar-panigrahi-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-and-others-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Police constable of Malkangiri P.S. faced an FIR under sections 342/392 IPC in March 1967, was suspended, convicted and fined (conviction upheld on 3 April 1969 with reduced fine), and was dismissed from service in September 1969 after a parallel disciplinary proceeding. He challenged the dismissal alleging delayed subsistence allowance denied him reasonable opportunity and that retrospective dismissal was bad. On 20 August 1974 the Division Bench rejected the challenge to the dismissal itself, holding he had received subsistence amounts and never pleaded inability to attend the enquiry. The court allowed the writ only to the extent of full salary from 3 April 1969 till communication of dismissal, holding dismissal effective 19 September 1969; the dismissal stood. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Police constable of Malkangiri P.S. faced an FIR under sections 342/392 IPC in March 1967, was suspended, convicted and fined (conviction upheld on 3 April 1969 with reduced fine), and was dismissed from service in September 1969 after a parallel disciplinary proceeding. He challenged the dismissal alleging delayed subsistence allowance denied him reasonable opportunity and that retrospective dismissal was bad. On 20 August 1974 the Division Bench rejected the challenge to the dismissal itself, holding he had received subsistence amounts and never pleaded inability to attend the enquiry. The court allowed the writ only to the extent of full salary from 3 April 1969 till communication of dismissal, holding dismissal effective 19 September 1969; the dismissal stood.", "court_quote": "On the aforesaid analysis the writ application succeeds in part and a writ of mandamus be issued directing payment, of salary as Indicated above.", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Dismissal of constable for criminal misconduct sustained; writ allowed only for interim salary.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1974-08-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1974) 40 CLT 1294", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/91812/banshidhar-panigrahi-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-and-others-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-125" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-91-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1982-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0277", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Orissa And Etc. vs Trinath Dash And Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "State of Orissa And Etc. vs Trinath Dash And Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Nayagarh", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Nuagaon", "police_station_or_unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Orissa And Etc. vs Trinath Dash And Ors.", "case_number": "Government Appeal No. 101 of 1977 with Criminal Appeals Nos. 105, 106 and 112 of 1977", "citation": "(1982) Cri LJ 942", "judges": [ "B.K. Behera", "P.K. Mohanti" ], "judgment_date": "1982-01-05", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1982, "incident_date": "1975-07-27", "incident_year": 1975, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 342" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Trinath Dash", "rank": "Officer-in-Charge", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.04, "jev_p_culpable": 0.98, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Trinath Dash", "display": "Trinath Dash (Officer-in-Charge)" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Writer Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Writer Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.05, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Nuagaon Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:coaccused_conviction_set_aside_same_judgment" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.03, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Nuagaon Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Nuagaon man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Nuagaon man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "fine", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/62540/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/104637/state-of-orissa-vs-trinath-dash-and-others-br-trinath-al/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. Nine Nuagaon police personnel were tried for confining theft suspects a Nuagaon man and a Nuagaon man in the lock-up without arrest from 27-07-1975, torturing them, and, after a Nuagaon man died, hanging his body from a tree to fake suicide. The trial court acquitted them of murder (302), grievous hurt (331) and hurt (323) but convicted all under Section 201 IPC, the OIC and ASI under Section 203, and OIC Trinath Dash under Section 342 IPC. The Orissa High Court dismissed the Government appeal against the acquittals and set aside all Section 201/203 convictions, holding murder/culpable homicide unproved and mere shifting of the body no disappearance of evidence. It upheld only OIC Trinath Dash's conviction for wrongful confinement under Section 342 IPC (fine Rs 500, default 3 months RI), the sentence being not severe. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Nine Nuagaon police personnel were tried for confining theft suspects a Nuagaon man and a Nuagaon man in the lock-up without arrest from 27-07-1975, torturing them, and, after a Nuagaon man died, hanging his body from a tree to fake suicide. The trial court acquitted them of murder (302), grievous hurt (331) and hurt (323) but convicted all under Section 201 IPC, the OIC and ASI under Section 203, and OIC Trinath Dash under Section 342 IPC. The Orissa High Court dismissed the Government appeal against the acquittals and set aside all Section 201/203 convictions, holding murder/culpable homicide unproved and mere shifting of the body no disappearance of evidence. It upheld only OIC Trinath Dash's conviction for wrongful confinement under Section 342 IPC (fine Rs 500, default 3 months RI), the sentence being not severe.", "court_quote": "The sentence passed against the accused [name withheld] who was no other person than the Officer-in-Charge of the police station, for his conviction under this section, cannot, in the circumstances of the case, be said to be severe.", "court_quote_para": "16", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC upheld OIC Trinath Dash's s.342 IPC conviction (Rs 500 fine); acquittals on graver charges maintained.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Orissa High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Orissa High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(1982) Cri LJ 942", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1982-01-05", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(1982) Cri LJ 942", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/62540/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/104637/state-of-orissa-vs-trinath-dash-and-others-br-trinath-al/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-09", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-001", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1992-0004", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0289", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Jajpur Road Man vs Director General Of Police And Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Jajpur Road Man vs Director General Of Police And Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Jajpur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Jajpur Road", "police_station_or_unit": "Jajpur Road Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jajpur Road Man vs Director General Of Police And Ors.", "case_number": null, "citation": "1992 (I) OLR 565; 1992 CriLJ 2901; 1993 ACJ 259", "judges": [ "B.L. Hansaria", "K.C. Jagadeb Roy" ], "judgment_date": "1992-04-02", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1992, "incident_date": "1990-08-24", "incident_year": 1990, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21" ], "officers": [], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 25, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jajpur Road man, age 25" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 30000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/235397/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Jajpur Road man, accused in a dacoity case, was arrested and brought to Jajpur Road Police Station on 23 August 1990, where police alleged he committed suicide by hanging inside the station latrine at 5:15 AM the next morning. Although a magisterial inquiry accepted the suicide theory, the Orissa High Court analyzed medical evidence—specifically 300 cc of undigested stomach contents contradicting the 9:00 PM feeding time and suspicious haste in cremating the body with police photographing the funeral pyre—and rejected the suicide claim. The High Court concluded that the deceased died due to police torture in custody in clear violation of Article 21. The Court held the State vicariously liable and directed payment of Rs. 30,000 compensation (Rs. 10,000 to the father and Rs. 20,000 to the young widow). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Jajpur Road man, accused in a dacoity case, was arrested and brought to Jajpur Road Police Station on 23 August 1990, where police alleged he committed suicide by hanging inside the station latrine at 5:15 AM the next morning. Although a magisterial inquiry accepted the suicide theory, the Orissa High Court analyzed medical evidence—specifically 300 cc of undigested stomach contents contradicting the 9:00 PM feeding time and suspicious haste in cremating the body with police photographing the funeral pyre—and rejected the suicide claim. The High Court concluded that the deceased died due to police torture in custody in clear violation of Article 21. The Court held the State vicariously liable and directed payment of Rs. 30,000 compensation (Rs. 10,000 to the father and Rs. 20,000 to the young widow).", "court_quote": "Because of all the above, we would hold that the case of the opposite parties that a Jajpur Road man had died because of suicidal hanging is not acceptable to us. The only other conclusion which can be drawn on the facts of the case is that he had died due to police torture.", "court_quote_para": "11", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC rejected police claim of suicide in hazat latrine, holding victim died of custodial police torture and awarding Rs. 30,000 compensation against State.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1992-04-02", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 30,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1992 (I) OLR 565; 1992 CriLJ 2901; 1993 ACJ 259", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/235397/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-013", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1993-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0526", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Cuttack Man v. State of Orissa & Anr.", "display_title_redacted": "Cuttack Man v. State of Orissa & Anr.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Cuttack", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Cuttack", "police_station_or_unit": "Nayagarh (Circle Inspector of Police)", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Cuttack Man v. State of Orissa & Anr.", "case_number": "O.J.C. No. 8304 of 1992", "citation": "(1993) CriLJ 1504", "judges": [ "B. L. Hansaria", "S. K. Mohanty" ], "judgment_date": "1993-01-11", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1993, "incident_date": "1992-12-01", "incident_year": 1992, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Havildar", "unit": "Nayagarh", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Havildar, Nayagarh" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 18, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Cuttack man, age 18" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 10000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1451025/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/560988b4e4b014971137e90b" ], "summary": "The Orissa High Court awarded Rs 10,000 to a Cuttack man, aged about 18, who was handcuffed and put in chains while hospitalised in the surgery ward of SCB Medical College Hospital, Cuttack, on a Havildar's orders. The Court rejected the justification of unknown anti-social visitors as ipse dixit, holding the chaining uncalled for, ordered by an incompetent rank since only a Deputy Superintendent may order irons under section 56 of the Prisons Act. It held the Orissa Police Manual stood unamended despite Sunil Batra and found a clear violation of Article 21. The State was left free to proceed against the Havildar under law. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Orissa High Court awarded Rs 10,000 to a Cuttack man, aged about 18, who was handcuffed and put in chains while hospitalised in the surgery ward of SCB Medical College Hospital, Cuttack, on a Havildar's orders. The Court rejected the justification of unknown anti-social visitors as ipse dixit, holding the chaining uncalled for, ordered by an incompetent rank since only a Deputy Superintendent may order irons under section 56 of the Prisons Act. It held the Orissa Police Manual stood unamended despite Sunil Batra and found a clear violation of Article 21. The State was left free to proceed against the Havildar under law.", "court_quote": "The facts of the case leave nothing to doubt that the present is a case of violation of the fundamental right of a Cuttack man under Art. 21 of the Constitution, and keeping in view the Supreme Court decision in the case of Ravikant (supra), we award a sum of Rs. 10,000/- as compensation to be paid by the State to a Cuttack man", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC held chaining hospitalised 18-year-old violated Art 21; Rs 10k; only DySP may order irons.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1993-01-11", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 10,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1993) CriLJ 1504", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1451025/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/560988b4e4b014971137e90b", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWDISPRO-023", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1993-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0281", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Jeraikela Woman vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Jeraikela Woman vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Sundargarh", "district_at_time": "Sundergarh", "city_town": "Jeraikela (Bisra)", "police_station_or_unit": "Jeraikela Police Outpost, PS Bisra", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jeraikela Woman vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "case_number": null, "citation": "(1993) 2 SCC 746; AIR 1993 SC 1960", "judges": [ "J.S. Verma", "A.S. Anand", "N. Venkatachala" ], "judgment_date": "1993-03-24", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1993, "incident_date": "1987-12-01", "incident_year": 1987, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 32" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Jeraikela Police Outpost, PS Bisra", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Jeraikela Police Outpost, PS Bisra" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Jeraikela Police Outpost, PS Bisra", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Jeraikela Police Outpost, PS Bisra" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 22, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jeraikela man, age 22" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1628260/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/12126.pdf" ], "summary": "A Jeraikela man, 22, was taken from home into custody at Jeraikela outpost on 01-12-1987 by ASI for a theft inquiry, handcuffed and detained; his body with multiple injuries was found on the railway track the next morning. The Supreme Court rejected the escape-and-train-accident story, confirming on reappraisal the District Judge's finding of death by multiple injuries inflicted in police custody. Holding it a custodial death violating Article 21 and rejecting sovereign immunity, the court awarded Rs 1.5 lakh compensation (term deposit for the mother) plus Rs 10,000 costs to the Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee. It directed the State to ascertain and fix individual responsibility and take appropriate action, in this landmark public-law compensation ruling. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Jeraikela man, 22, was taken from home into custody at Jeraikela outpost on 01-12-1987 by ASI for a theft inquiry, handcuffed and detained; his body with multiple injuries was found on the railway track the next morning. The Supreme Court rejected the escape-and-train-accident story, confirming on reappraisal the District Judge's finding of death by multiple injuries inflicted in police custody. Holding it a custodial death violating Article 21 and rejecting sovereign immunity, the court awarded Rs 1.5 lakh compensation (term deposit for the mother) plus Rs 10,000 costs to the Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee. It directed the State to ascertain and fix individual responsibility and take appropriate action, in this landmark public-law compensation ruling.", "court_quote": "the learned District Judge reached the conclusion that it is a case of custodial death and a Jeraikela man died as a result of the injuries inflicted to him voluntarily while he was in police custody at the Police Outpost Jeraikela. We have reached the same conclusion on a reappraisal of the evidence adduced at the inquiry taking into account the circumstances, which also support that conclusion.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court (3J) held a Jeraikela man beaten to death in Jeraikela custody; Rs 1.5L + Rs 10k costs. Landmark Art-21 compensation law.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1993-03-24", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1993) 2 SCC 746; AIR 1993 SC 1960", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1628260/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/12126.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-09", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "SUPREM-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1996-0011", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0278", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Rajgangpur Woman vs State of Orissa", "display_title_redacted": "Rajgangpur Woman vs State of Orissa", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Kendrapara", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Rajgangpur", "police_station_or_unit": "Kudanagari Out Post, Patakura Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Rajgangpur Woman vs State of Orissa", "case_number": null, "citation": "1997(I) OLR 384", "judges": [ "S.N. Phukan", "A. Pasayat" ], "judgment_date": "1996-11-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": "1994-10-03", "incident_year": 1994, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 22", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Kudanagari Out Post, Patakura Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Kudanagari Out Post, Patakura Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Kudanagari Out Post, Patakura Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Kudanagari Out Post, Patakura Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Rajgangpur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1859719/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/96245/smt-chanchala-swain-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-and-others-respondent/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. School teacher a Rajgangpur man was taken from his school at Rajgangpur on 03-10-1994 by ASI and Constable of Kudanagari Out Post for interrogation in a kidnapping case, with a promise to return him, and vanished. Police claimed he slipped away while taking tea and was alive elsewhere. The Orissa High Court rejected the escape story, holding he was under police control when last seen so the burden lay on police to account for him. Allowing the habeas corpus writ under Article 226, it ordered Rs 1.5 lakh compensation (Rs 25,000 released at once, balance in fixed deposit releasable if police failed to produce or account for him by October 1997), leaving the registered murder case, taken over by the Crime Branch, to proceed. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "School teacher a Rajgangpur man was taken from his school at Rajgangpur on 03-10-1994 by ASI and Constable of Kudanagari Out Post for interrogation in a kidnapping case, with a promise to return him, and vanished. Police claimed he slipped away while taking tea and was alive elsewhere. The Orissa High Court rejected the escape story, holding he was under police control when last seen so the burden lay on police to account for him. Allowing the habeas corpus writ under Article 226, it ordered Rs 1.5 lakh compensation (Rs 25,000 released at once, balance in fixed deposit releasable if police failed to produce or account for him by October 1997), leaving the registered murder case, taken over by the Crime Branch, to proceed.", "court_quote": "Even if it is accepted that there was no arrest as stated by the opposite parties, yet the fact that a Rajgangpur man was under the control of the police officials cannot be lost sight of.", "court_quote_para": "9", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC allowed habeas writ for teacher taken by Kudanagari police; Rs 1.5L compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-11-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1997(I) OLR 384", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1859719/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/96245/smt-chanchala-swain-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-and-others-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-09", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2003-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0283", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Soro Man vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Soro Man vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Balasore", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Soro", "police_station_or_unit": "Soro Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Soro Man vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "case_number": null, "citation": "2003 (II) OLR 151; 96 (2003) CLT 261; II (2004) ACC 728", "judges": [ "A.K. Patnaik", "P.K. Misra" ], "judgment_date": "2003-06-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2003, "incident_date": "1997-03-22", "incident_year": 1997, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Soro Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.11, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Soro Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Soro Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.1, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Soro Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Officer-in-Charge", "unit": "Soro Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Officer-in-Charge, Soro Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Soro Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.05, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Soro Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Soro Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.05, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Soro Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 5, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Soro man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 10000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/376706/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. Petitioner a Soro man visited Soro Police Station on 22 March 1997 to lodge an FIR regarding illegal felling of trees, but was instead detained overnight in the police lock-up. Police claimed he was arrested pursuant to a non-bailable warrant in Special Case No. 23 of 1995, but the Sessions Judge records established that the warrant had been issued against his son [name withheld], not the petitioner. The Orissa High Court held that the petitioner was arrested and detained without any authority of law, in direct violation of his fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court awarded Rs. 7,000 as compensation and Rs. 3,000 as litigation costs to be paid by the State, with liberty to recover the sum from the responsible police personnel of Soro Police Station. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Petitioner a Soro man visited Soro Police Station on 22 March 1997 to lodge an FIR regarding illegal felling of trees, but was instead detained overnight in the police lock-up. Police claimed he was arrested pursuant to a non-bailable warrant in Special Case No. 23 of 1995, but the Sessions Judge records established that the warrant had been issued against his son [name withheld], not the petitioner. The Orissa High Court held that the petitioner was arrested and detained without any authority of law, in direct violation of his fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court awarded Rs. 7,000 as compensation and Rs. 3,000 as litigation costs to be paid by the State, with liberty to recover the sum from the responsible police personnel of Soro Police Station.", "court_quote": "This was, thus, a clear case of arrest of the petitioner and detention of the petitioner in police custody without any authority of law.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC found illegal arrest and overnight detention of petitioner without warrant in place of his son, awarding Rs. 7,000 compensation and Rs. 3,000 costs recoverable from erring police.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2003-06-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 10,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2003 (II) OLR 151; 96 (2003) CLT 261; II (2004) ACC 728", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/376706/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-007", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2007-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0279", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1439" ], "display_title": "Simulia Man And Ors. vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Simulia Man And Ors. vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Balasore", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Simulia", "police_station_or_unit": "Simulia Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Simulia Man And Ors. vs State Of Orissa And Ors.", "case_number": "Writ Petition (exact number not stated in extracted text)", "citation": "AIR 2007 Orissa 94; (2007) 1 OLR 410", "judges": [ "M.M. Das", "B.P. Das" ], "judgment_date": "2007-02-02", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2007, "incident_date": "2002-02-06", "incident_year": 2002, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [], "officer_count": 0, "victims": [ { "age": 35, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Simulia man, age 35" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/864050/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/94973/kalpana-mandal-and-others-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-and-others-respondent/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. On 6 February 2002 Simulia police chasing the Dolphine Dynamic bus fired aimlessly at it near Dhobagadia crossing on NH-5 after the driver failed to stop, killing passenger a Simulia man, aged about 35, with a chest gunshot. A criminal case under IPC 304 against Simulia police personnel ended in acquittal, but the OIC admitted in counter-affidavit that a Simulia man died in the police firing. The High Court held that the death resulted from the irresponsible and negligent act of the police and that compensation under Article 226 was appropriate where negligence was writ large. It fixed Rs. 5 lakh as just compensation, directing payment of the Rs. 2.5 lakh balance within three months after adjusting Rs. 1 lakh ex gratia and Rs. 1.5 lakh interim already paid. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 6 February 2002 Simulia police chasing the Dolphine Dynamic bus fired aimlessly at it near Dhobagadia crossing on NH-5 after the driver failed to stop, killing passenger a Simulia man, aged about 35, with a chest gunshot. A criminal case under IPC 304 against Simulia police personnel ended in acquittal, but the OIC admitted in counter-affidavit that a Simulia man died in the police firing. The High Court held that the death resulted from the irresponsible and negligent act of the police and that compensation under Article 226 was appropriate where negligence was writ large. It fixed Rs. 5 lakh as just compensation, directing payment of the Rs. 2.5 lakh balance within three months after adjusting Rs. 1 lakh ex gratia and Rs. 1.5 lakh interim already paid.", "court_quote": "we are of the view that late a Simulia man died consequent upon the irresponsible act of the police in aimlessly firing at the bus, in which the said deceased was traveling as a passenger.", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Police firing death admitted; Rs.5L compensation for negligent firing.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2007-02-02", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "AIR 2007 Orissa 94; (2007) 1 OLR 410", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/864050/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/94973/kalpana-mandal-and-others-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-and-others-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-09", "chunk-47", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2007-0019", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0723", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Talcher Man v. State of Orissa", "display_title_redacted": "Talcher Man v. State of Orissa", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Angul", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Talcher", "police_station_or_unit": "Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher, Angul", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Talcher Man v. State of Orissa", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 8373 of 2004", "citation": "2007(II)OLR573", "judges": [ "A.K. Ganguly", "I. Mahanty" ], "judgment_date": "2007-09-06", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2007, "incident_date": "2003-12-29", "incident_year": 2003, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (in-charge)", "unit": "Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (in-charge), Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Circle Inspector", "unit": "Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Circle Inspector, Kalinga Police Beat House, Talcher" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 26, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Talcher man, age 26" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 450000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/707487/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Orissa High Court (A.K. Ganguly, CJ and I. Mahanty, J.), treating a citizen's letter as PIL, awarded a further Rs 3 lakh to Kastu Behera for the death of his 26-year-old tipper-driver son [name withheld] during illegal police custody. The Court found a Talcher man, who was not an accused, was forcibly taken from home on 29 December 2003 and confined for three days in Kalinga Beat House for interrogation in a Sarpanch murder case without any magistrate's order and without the written requisition required by s.160 CrPC, and was found hanging on 31 December 2003. Holding the police guilty of infringing Article 21, the Court ordered the additional sum (over Rs 50,000 ex gratia and Rs 1 lakh interim already paid) with liberty to recover from the erring officers. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Orissa High Court (A.K. Ganguly, CJ and I. Mahanty, J.), treating a citizen's letter as PIL, awarded a further Rs 3 lakh to Kastu Behera for the death of his 26-year-old tipper-driver son [name withheld] during illegal police custody. The Court found a Talcher man, who was not an accused, was forcibly taken from home on 29 December 2003 and confined for three days in Kalinga Beat House for interrogation in a Sarpanch murder case without any magistrate's order and without the written requisition required by s.160 CrPC, and was found hanging on 31 December 2003. Holding the police guilty of infringing Article 21, the Court ordered the additional sum (over Rs 50,000 ex gratia and Rs 1 lakh interim already paid) with liberty to recover from the erring officers.", "court_quote": "Therefore, this Court holds that the police is guilty of causing an infringement of fundamental right of a Talcher man under Article 21 of the Constitution by keeping a Talcher man illegally in their custody and a Talcher man died by allegedly committing suicide in course of such illegal detention.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC PIL judgment verified on Indian Kanoon; Rs 3L additional for 3-day illegal detention + death matches.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2007-09-06", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 450,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2007(II)OLR573", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "officers" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/707487/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-53" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-072", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2009-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0286", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0553" ], "display_title": "Mahanga Man vs State of Orissa and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Mahanga Man vs State of Orissa and Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Cuttack", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Mahanga", "police_station_or_unit": "Mahanga Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Mahanga Man vs State of Orissa and Others", "case_number": null, "citation": "2009 (I) OLR 526; 2009 Cri LJ (NOC) 540 (Ori.); (2009) CLT 568 (Suppl Crl)", "judges": [ "B.P. Das", "R.N. Biswal" ], "judgment_date": "2009-01-06", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2009, "incident_date": "2003-02-01", "incident_year": 2003, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226", "Police Act 1861", "Orissa Police Manual Rule 239-B" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Officer-in-Charge", "unit": "Mahanga Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Officer-in-Charge, Mahanga Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Officer-in-Charge", "unit": "Salipur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.84, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Officer-in-Charge, Salipur Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Circle Inspector", "unit": "Salipur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.85, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Circle Inspector, Salipur Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector (2nd Officer)", "unit": "Mahanga Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector (2nd Officer), Mahanga Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Mahanga Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Mahanga Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Mahanga Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Mahanga Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mahanga man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/99655/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-of-orissa-and-others/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/526276/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-orissa-ors", "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56ea892e607dba378d9d43f8" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Mahanga man was arrested by Mahanga police in connection with Mahanga PS Case No. 12 of 2003 and detained in the police hazat without being produced before a magistrate. On 1 February 2003, his wife [name withheld] was summoned to the station under pretext of bail and found him dead inside the hazat. A judicial fact-finding inquiry by retired judge Justice C.R. Pal established that the police failed to post a sentry guard in gross violation of police regulations, directly enabling the custodial death. The Orissa High Court held the State vicariously liable for the negligent acts of the police officers and awarded Rs. 3,00,000 in compensation to the petitioner widow. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Mahanga man was arrested by Mahanga police in connection with Mahanga PS Case No. 12 of 2003 and detained in the police hazat without being produced before a magistrate. On 1 February 2003, his wife [name withheld] was summoned to the station under pretext of bail and found him dead inside the hazat. A judicial fact-finding inquiry by retired judge Justice C.R. Pal established that the police failed to post a sentry guard in gross violation of police regulations, directly enabling the custodial death. The Orissa High Court held the State vicariously liable for the negligent acts of the police officers and awarded Rs. 3,00,000 in compensation to the petitioner widow.", "court_quote": "However, the irresistible conclusion would be that the State Government is vicariously liable to compensate the petitioner because the deceased has lost his life and the petitioner has lost her husband due to negligent act of the concerned Police Officers.", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC held State vicariously liable for custodial death in police hazat due to gross police negligence and failure to provide sentry watch, awarding Rs. 3 lakh compensation to widow.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2009-01-06", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2009 (I) OLR 526; 2009 Cri LJ (NOC) 540 (Ori.); (2009) CLT 568 (Suppl Crl)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/99655/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-of-orissa-and-others/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/526276/ahalya-pradhan-vs-state-orissa-ors", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56ea892e607dba378d9d43f8", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-52" ], "merged_case_id": "EAST---NORTHEAST-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0033", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1311", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Barada Man vs State of Orissa and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Barada Man vs State of Orissa and Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Jajpur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Barada", "police_station_or_unit": "Dharmasala Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Barada Man vs State of Orissa and Others", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 17011 of 2006", "citation": null, "judges": [ "V. Gopala Gowda", "B. N. Mahapatra" ], "judgment_date": "2011-07-19", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "2006-10-03", "incident_year": 2006, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Bihar and Orissa Excise Act s.47(a)", "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Excise Inspector", "unit": "Jajpur, Excise Department", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Excise Inspector, Jajpur, Excise Department" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector of Police", "unit": "Dharmasala Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector of Police, Dharmasala Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "age": 32, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Barada man, age 32" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 100000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/143143637/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Barada man, aged 32, was arrested in an excise case on 29/30 September 2006, remanded to Jajpur Sub-Jail, and died on 3 October 2006 after admission to the district hospital; his widow alleged illegal detention and custodial torture, which the State denied. The court noted it was undisputed that he died in jail custody days after arrest, and that the State's counter said nothing on whether any medical test was conducted or the apex court's arrest guidelines were followed. Applying D.K. Basu custodial jurisprudence under Article 21, the court directed the State Government to pay Rs 1 lakh ex gratia to the bereaved family within two weeks, structured as fixed deposits for the widow, children and aged parents. It did not fix personal liability on any officer or order prosecution. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Barada man, aged 32, was arrested in an excise case on 29/30 September 2006, remanded to Jajpur Sub-Jail, and died on 3 October 2006 after admission to the district hospital; his widow alleged illegal detention and custodial torture, which the State denied. The court noted it was undisputed that he died in jail custody days after arrest, and that the State's counter said nothing on whether any medical test was conducted or the apex court's arrest guidelines were followed. Applying D.K. Basu custodial jurisprudence under Article 21, the court directed the State Government to pay Rs 1 lakh ex gratia to the bereaved family within two weeks, structured as fixed deposits for the widow, children and aged parents. It did not fix personal liability on any officer or order prosecution.", "court_quote": "In the facts situation, considering the age of the deceased and that he was the only bread winner of the bereaved family and died only after his arrest, we deem it just and proper to direct opposite party- State Government to pay ex gratia of Rs.1,00,000/- (rupees one lakh) to the bereaved family of the deceased within a period of two weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Death in custody days after arrest with unexplained guideline breach; HC awarded Rs 1 lakh ex gratia.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2011-07-19", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.P.(C) No. 17011 of 2006", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/143143637/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-126" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-94-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0018", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0288", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Talamitingi Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "display_title_redacted": "Talamitingi Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Koraput", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Talamitingi", "police_station_or_unit": "Kakirigumma Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Talamitingi Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "case_number": "W.P.(Crl.) No.379 of 2011", "citation": null, "judges": [ "B.N. Mahapatra", "V. Gopala Gowda" ], "judgment_date": "2011-09-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "2009-04-13", "incident_year": 2009, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Subedar", "unit": "Special Operation Group Assault Team No. 23", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Subedar, Special Operation Group Assault Team No. 23" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Special Operation Group", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Special Operation Group" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 28, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Talamitingi man, age 28" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 400000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/140389596/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Talamitingi man, aged 28, of Karon Jajhola (Narayanpatna) then staying at Talamitingi, was found dead on 13 April 2009 after an exchange of fire between SOG assault teams (Dy. Subedar's Team No.23 and SI 's team) and Maoists near the village. Police claimed he was an armed Maoist and recovered weapons near the body; his widow alleged he was an unarmed tribal shot by jawans and that the body was not handed over (co-villagers' affidavits), while police claimed handover with acknowledgement. The SP's report conceded it could not be conclusively established that a Talamitingi man fired at police or belonged to the attacking group, noting his hand wash was never taken; the OHRC had awarded Rs 1.5 lakh. The High Court held it could not be said he was a CPI (Maoist) member or fired at police, applied respondeat superior to an innocent death in cross-fire, directed Rs 4 lakh inclusive of interest to the widow, and declined further investigation. The court did not find a staged encounter. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Talamitingi man, aged 28, of Karon Jajhola (Narayanpatna) then staying at Talamitingi, was found dead on 13 April 2009 after an exchange of fire between SOG assault teams (Dy. Subedar's Team No.23 and SI 's team) and Maoists near the village. Police claimed he was an armed Maoist and recovered weapons near the body; his widow alleged he was an unarmed tribal shot by jawans and that the body was not handed over (co-villagers' affidavits), while police claimed handover with acknowledgement. The SP's report conceded it could not be conclusively established that a Talamitingi man fired at police or belonged to the attacking group, noting his hand wash was never taken; the OHRC had awarded Rs 1.5 lakh. The High Court held it could not be said he was a CPI (Maoist) member or fired at police, applied respondeat superior to an innocent death in cross-fire, directed Rs 4 lakh inclusive of interest to the widow, and declined further investigation. The court did not find a staged encounter.", "court_quote": "It is not uncommon that in a cross firing between Police and anti-social(s), some times an innocent person is being caught and killed. If life of an innocent person is taken away by Police during the course of any encounter between Police and anti-social(s), such case(s) is/are governed by the legal maxim \"respondeat superior\" and thus the State is liable for the wrong done by the Police.", "court_quote_para": "13", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC rejected police claim that slain tribal was an armed Maoist, holding State liable under respondeat superior for police killing an innocent villager and awarding Rs. 4 lakh compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2011-09-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 400,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.P.(Crl.) No.379 of 2011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/140389596/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-012", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0023", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0285", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Athagarh Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "display_title_redacted": "Athagarh Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Cuttack", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Athagarh", "police_station_or_unit": "Athagarh Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Athagarh Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 10891 of 2009", "citation": null, "judges": [ "B.N. Mahapatra", "V. Gopala Gowda" ], "judgment_date": "2011-12-22", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "2007-06-14", "incident_year": 2007, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226", "Article 227", "CrPC 47", "IPC 457", "IPC 302", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Athagarh Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.53, "jev_p_culpable": 0.42, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Athagarh Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Athagarh Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.55, "jev_p_culpable": 0.48, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Athagarh Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 20, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Athagarh man, age 20" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 400000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107672213/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. On 14 June 2007, an Athagarh police team led by ASI unlawfully scaled the boundary wall of Rohit Behera house late at night without a warrant, ostensible justification, or woman officer, searching for an individual not involved in any cognizable offence. In the course of the raid, 20-year-old an Athagarh man died when police entered the room where he was asleep. The Orissa State Human Rights Commission found that although physical assault was not proved, the proximate cause of death was fright caused by the unauthorized police raid, breaching Section 47 CrPC and Article 21. The Orissa High Court affirmed these findings and enhanced the compensation from Rs. 1,00,000 to Rs. 4,00,000, directing the State to pay the additional Rs. 3,00,000 with 9% interest on default. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 14 June 2007, an Athagarh police team led by ASI unlawfully scaled the boundary wall of Rohit Behera house late at night without a warrant, ostensible justification, or woman officer, searching for an individual not involved in any cognizable offence. In the course of the raid, 20-year-old an Athagarh man died when police entered the room where he was asleep. The Orissa State Human Rights Commission found that although physical assault was not proved, the proximate cause of death was fright caused by the unauthorized police raid, breaching Section 47 CrPC and Article 21. The Orissa High Court affirmed these findings and enhanced the compensation from Rs. 1,00,000 to Rs. 4,00,000, directing the State to pay the additional Rs. 3,00,000 with 9% interest on default.", "court_quote": "The fact that an Athagarh man did not die due to assault by the Police does not mitigate the violation of human right of an Athagarh man and his family members. The Police was guilty of entering into the house of the petitioner in the late hours of the night of occurrence.", "court_quote_para": "9", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC upheld OHRC finding of police excesses in nocturnal house raid violating Article 21 and Section 47 CrPC, enhancing compensation for youth death from Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 4 lakh.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2011-12-22", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 400,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.P.(C) No. 10891 of 2009", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107672213/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-009", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2016-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0292", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Bhubaneswar Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "display_title_redacted": "Bhubaneswar Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Khordha", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Bhubaneswar", "police_station_or_unit": "Saheed Nagar Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Bhubaneswar Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 13941 of 2012", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Dr. B.R. Sarangi" ], "judgment_date": "2016-01-28", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2016, "incident_date": "2012-06-05", "incident_year": 2012, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226", "Article 227" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Alok Kumar Jena", "rank": "Inspector In-Charge", "unit": "Saheed Nagar Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.14, "jev_p_culpable": 0.85, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Alok Kumar Jena", "display": "Alok Kumar Jena (Inspector In-Charge)" }, { "name": "Banamali Das", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Saheed Nagar Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.12, "jev_p_culpable": 0.79, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Banamali Das", "display": "Banamali Das (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 27, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bhubaneswar man, age 27" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/144823053/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/111047/rabindranath-mohapatra-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-respondent/", "https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-rights-body-victims-family-hail-cbi-probe-custodial-death/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. On 5 June 2012, 27-year-old a Bhubaneswar man was assaulted by members of the public after an altercation and brought injured to Saheed Nagar Police Station in Bhubaneswar. Rather than sending him immediately for medical treatment, police detained him for several hours to register a case and carry out spot investigation; he subsequently collapsed from pain and was declared dead upon arrival at Capital Hospital. Both the CBI inquiry and a Magisterial inquiry concluded that the death occurred in custody due to gross police negligence in withholding timely medical aid. The Orissa High Court held that the right to life under Article 21 encompasses access to emergency medical care, awarded Rs. 5,00,000 compensation to the deceased family, and directed that the full amount be recovered from IIC Alok Kumar Jena and IO Banamali Das. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 5 June 2012, 27-year-old a Bhubaneswar man was assaulted by members of the public after an altercation and brought injured to Saheed Nagar Police Station in Bhubaneswar. Rather than sending him immediately for medical treatment, police detained him for several hours to register a case and carry out spot investigation; he subsequently collapsed from pain and was declared dead upon arrival at Capital Hospital. Both the CBI inquiry and a Magisterial inquiry concluded that the death occurred in custody due to gross police negligence in withholding timely medical aid. The Orissa High Court held that the right to life under Article 21 encompasses access to emergency medical care, awarded Rs. 5,00,000 compensation to the deceased family, and directed that the full amount be recovered from IIC Alok Kumar Jena and IO Banamali Das.", "court_quote": "Allowing a Bhubaneswar man @ Pigi (deceased) to remain in police station and directing for investigation without taking proper care of the injured a Bhubaneswar man @ Pigi itself indicates that due care has not been taken by the police authority causing negligence in their duty. Therefore, failure to provide timely medical treatment amounts to breach of right to life.", "court_quote_para": "17", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC held failure to provide timely medical care to injured arrestee caused death in police custody violating Article 21, awarding Rs. 5 lakh compensation recoverable from IIC and IO.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2016-01-28", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.P.(C) No. 13941 of 2012", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/144823053/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/111047/rabindranath-mohapatra-appellant-hash-state-of-orissa-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-rights-body-victims-family-hail-cbi-probe-custodial-death/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-016", "officers_named_public": 2, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2018-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0284", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Mahakalpada Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "display_title_redacted": "Mahakalpada Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Kendrapara", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Mahakalpada", "police_station_or_unit": "Mahakalpada Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Mahakalpada Man vs State Of Orissa And Others", "case_number": "W.P.(CRL) No.385 of 2009", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Dr. B.R. Sarangi" ], "judgment_date": "2018-01-25", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2018, "incident_date": "1998-12-16", "incident_year": 1998, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory_display": "custodial torture", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226", "Article 227" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Officer-in-Charge", "unit": "Mahakalpada Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Officer-in-Charge, Mahakalpada Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Investigating Officer", "unit": "Mahakalpada Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Investigating Officer, Mahakalpada Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mahakalpada man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 200000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/165166297/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. Petitioner a Mahakalpada man was repeatedly summoned, threatened, and arrested by the Officer-in-Charge of Mahakalpada Police Station in connection with a 1992 booth-snatching case, despite having no connection to the crime and not being named in the chargesheet. Although the SDJM Kendrapara discharged him upon verifying his identity documents, police continued to harass and threaten him to pose as absconding accused [name withheld]. The Orissa High Court held that the petitioner suffered mental agony, harassment, and custodial torture violating Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court awarded Rs. 2,00,000 compensation to be paid by the State within three months and recovered in equal proportion from the salaries of the erring police officers. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Petitioner a Mahakalpada man was repeatedly summoned, threatened, and arrested by the Officer-in-Charge of Mahakalpada Police Station in connection with a 1992 booth-snatching case, despite having no connection to the crime and not being named in the chargesheet. Although the SDJM Kendrapara discharged him upon verifying his identity documents, police continued to harass and threaten him to pose as absconding accused [name withheld]. The Orissa High Court held that the petitioner suffered mental agony, harassment, and custodial torture violating Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court awarded Rs. 2,00,000 compensation to be paid by the State within three months and recovered in equal proportion from the salaries of the erring police officers.", "court_quote": "Applying the law laid down by the apex Court to the present case, there is no iota of doubt that the petitioner had undergone mental torture at the hands of insensible police officer.", "court_quote_para": "21", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC awarded Rs. 2 lakh compensation to petitioner wrongfully arrested, detained, and subjected to custodial mental torture under mistaken identity as accused [name withheld], recoverable from erring officers salaries.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2018-01-25", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 200,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.P.(CRL) No.385 of 2009", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/165166297/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-008", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2020-0009", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0501", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Cuttack Police Inspector v. State of Orissa; [name withheld] v. State of Orissa", "display_title_redacted": "Cuttack Police Inspector v. State of Orissa; [name withheld] v. State of Orissa", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Cuttack", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Cuttack", "police_station_or_unit": "Purighat Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Cuttack Police Inspector v. State of Orissa; [name withheld] v. State of Orissa", "case_number": "CRA Nos. 207 and 210 of 1988", "citation": null, "judges": [ "S.K. Sahoo" ], "judgment_date": "2020-11-09", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2020, "incident_date": "1985-05-04", "incident_year": 1985, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 323", "IPC 324", "IPC 471", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Purighat Police Station, Cuttack", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.06, "jev_p_culpable": 0.97, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "sentence_reduced_only", "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Purighat Police Station, Cuttack" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Purighat Police Station, Cuttack", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.07, "jev_p_culpable": 0.97, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "sentence_reduced_only", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Purighat Police Station, Cuttack" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Cuttack man" }, { "age": null, "gender": null, "name": null, "descriptor": "Cuttack resident" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/162192708/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/custodial-violence-orissa-hc-directs-septuagenarian-ex-cops-to-serve-imprisonment-in-35-year-old-custodial-death-case-165741" ], "summary": "The High Court partly allowed the appeals of an Inspector and a Sub-Inspector of Purighat station in the 1985 custodial-death case of a Cuttack man: it set aside the Section 304-II/34 and 342/34 convictions for want of proof but upheld the Section 323/34 and 471/34 convictions for using false seizure lists as genuine, additionally convicting both under Section 324/34. Both officers were ordered to surrender within two weeks to serve the concurrent sentences (maximum one year). The Court also awarded Rs.3 lakh compensation to the deceased's legal representatives for the custodial violence. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The High Court partly allowed the appeals of an Inspector and a Sub-Inspector of Purighat station in the 1985 custodial-death case of a Cuttack man: it set aside the Section 304-II/34 and 342/34 convictions for want of proof but upheld the Section 323/34 and 471/34 convictions for using false seizure lists as genuine, additionally convicting both under Section 324/34. Both officers were ordered to surrender within two weeks to serve the concurrent sentences (maximum one year). The Court also awarded Rs.3 lakh compensation to the deceased's legal representatives for the custodial violence.", "court_quote": "I have also held that there are some irregular features in the preparation of seizure list Ext.23/3 and the contents of seizure list Ext.42 are false.", "court_quote_para": "12", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC judgment text verified; 304-II set aside but 323/471 upheld + 324 added with Rs.3L compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Orissa High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Orissa High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "CRA Nos. 207 and 210 of 1988", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2020-11-09", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "CRA Nos. 207 and 210 of 1988", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "subcategory" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/162192708/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/custodial-violence-orissa-hc-directs-septuagenarian-ex-cops-to-serve-imprisonment-in-35-year-old-custodial-death-case-165741", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-39" ], "merged_case_id": "SWDERELI-011", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2021-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0287", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0554" ], "display_title": "Dhenkanal Man and Another vs State Of Odisha & Others", "display_title_redacted": "Dhenkanal Man and Another vs State Of Odisha & Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Dhenkanal", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Dhenkanal", "police_station_or_unit": "Dhenkanal Town Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Dhenkanal Man and Another vs State Of Odisha & Others", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 13774 of 2005", "citation": "2021 LiveLaw (Ori) 13", "judges": [ "Dr. S. Muralidhar", "Biswajit Mohanty" ], "judgment_date": "2021-01-27", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2021, "incident_date": "2005-06-07", "incident_year": 2005, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "Article 226", "Article 227" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector-in-Charge", "unit": "Dhenkanal Town Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector-in-Charge, Dhenkanal Town Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Dhenkanal Town Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Dhenkanal Town Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Dhenkanal man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/custodial-death-matter-orissa-hc-5-lakh-388448.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/death-in-police-custody-orissa-high-court-5-lakh-as-compensation-to-parents-of-deceased-169225", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/175228761/" ], "summary": "A Dhenkanal man was found writhing in pain inside a Dhenkanal liquor shop and brought into Dhenkanal Town Police Station at 3:20 AM on 7 June 2005. Despite his visibly precarious physical state, police left him unattended on the police station verandah for six hours without arranging medical treatment, and he subsequently succumbed to ante-mortem cranio-cerebral injuries. The Division Bench of the Orissa High Court held that regardless of whether police caused the initial injuries, keeping an injured arrestee in custody for six hours without medical attention constituted gross and fatal negligence attracting strict liability for custodial death under Article 21. The Court directed the State of Odisha to pay Rs. 5,00,000 compensation to the deceased parents. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Dhenkanal man was found writhing in pain inside a Dhenkanal liquor shop and brought into Dhenkanal Town Police Station at 3:20 AM on 7 June 2005. Despite his visibly precarious physical state, police left him unattended on the police station verandah for six hours without arranging medical treatment, and he subsequently succumbed to ante-mortem cranio-cerebral injuries. The Division Bench of the Orissa High Court held that regardless of whether police caused the initial injuries, keeping an injured arrestee in custody for six hours without medical attention constituted gross and fatal negligence attracting strict liability for custodial death under Article 21. The Court directed the State of Odisha to pay Rs. 5,00,000 compensation to the deceased parents.", "court_quote": "Even if it is not established that the ante mortem injuries found on his person during post-mortem were caused by the Police, the law of strict liability for the negligence of the police in not meeting the basic minimum standard of care in providing him prompt medical attention would stand attracted. The police have to be held liable for the avoidable death of a Dhenkanal man, while in their custody, on account of their negligence.", "court_quote_para": "29", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC applied strict liability for custodial death arising from police negligence in delaying medical treatment to critically injured arrestee for six hours, awarding Rs. 5 lakh compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2021-01-27", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2021 LiveLaw (Ori) 13", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "sections" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/custodial-death-matter-orissa-hc-5-lakh-388448.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/death-in-police-custody-orissa-high-court-5-lakh-as-compensation-to-parents-of-deceased-169225", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/175228761/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-53" ], "merged_case_id": "EAST---NORTHEAST-006", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2021-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0282", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Pravat Chandra Mohanty vs The State Of Odisha (with Pratap Kumar Choudhury vs State Of Odisha)", "display_title_redacted": "Pravat Chandra Mohanty vs The State Of Odisha (with Pratap Kumar Choudhury vs State Of Odisha)", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Cuttack", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Cuttack", "police_station_or_unit": "Purighat Police Station, Cuttack", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Pravat Chandra Mohanty vs The State Of Odisha (with Pratap Kumar Choudhury vs State Of Odisha)", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 125-126 of 2021", "citation": "(2021) 3 SCC 529", "judges": [ "Ashok Bhushan", "Ajay Rastogi" ], "judgment_date": "2021-02-11", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2021, "incident_date": "1985-05-04", "incident_year": 1985, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 324", "IPC 323", "IPC 471", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Pravat Chandra Mohanty", "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "Purighat Police Station, Cuttack", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.12, "jev_p_culpable": 0.91, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Pravat Chandra Mohanty", "display": "Pravat Chandra Mohanty (Inspector)" }, { "name": "Pratap Kumar Choudhury", "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Purighat Police Station, Cuttack", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.12, "jev_p_culpable": 0.88, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Pratap Kumar Choudhury", "display": "Pratap Kumar Choudhury (Sub-Inspector)" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Cuttack man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 0.5, "compensation_inr": 1000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/165413021/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/162192708/", "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/custodial-violence-supreme-court-police-officers-compounding-169773", "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/custodial-violence-abhorrent-unacceptable-crime-against-humanity-supreme-court" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. On the night of 04/05-05-1985 a Cuttack man was called to Purighat PS, Cuttack, and beaten through the night with lathi/batten by Inspector and SI, dying in hospital; police fabricated an FIR with his forged signature to cover up. The trial court convicted both of culpable homicide (Section 304-II); the High Court acquitted of 304-II but convicted under Sections 324/323/471 read with 34 IPC with one year's SI plus Rs 3 lakh compensation. The Supreme Court affirmed the Section 324 conviction, refusing compounding since custodial violence is a crime against humanity and Article 21 violation. Given the appellants' 75+ age, it cut imprisonment to six months and added Rs 3.5 lakh each as compensation to the legal heirs. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On the night of 04/05-05-1985 a Cuttack man was called to Purighat PS, Cuttack, and beaten through the night with lathi/batten by Inspector and SI, dying in hospital; police fabricated an FIR with his forged signature to cover up. The trial court convicted both of culpable homicide (Section 304-II); the High Court acquitted of 304-II but convicted under Sections 324/323/471 read with 34 IPC with one year's SI plus Rs 3 lakh compensation. The Supreme Court affirmed the Section 324 conviction, refusing compounding since custodial violence is a crime against humanity and Article 21 violation. Given the appellants' 75+ age, it cut imprisonment to six months and added Rs 3.5 lakh each as compensation to the legal heirs.", "court_quote": "The custodial violence on the deceased which led to the death is abhorrent and not acceptable in the civilized society. The offence committed by the accused is crime not against the deceased alone but was against humanity and clear violations of rights guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution.", "court_quote_para": "40", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court upheld s.324 IPC conviction of 2 Purighat officers; 1yr->6mo + Rs 3.5L each over HC's Rs 3L.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(2021) 3 SCC 529", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2021-02-11", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(2021) 3 SCC 529", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/165413021/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/162192708/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/custodial-violence-supreme-court-police-officers-compounding-169773", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/custodial-violence-abhorrent-unacceptable-crime-against-humanity-supreme-court", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-09", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "SWCUSTOD-009", "officers_named_public": 2, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2021-0008", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0290", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1435" ], "display_title": "Jeypore Man and Another v. State of Odisha and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Jeypore Man and Another v. State of Odisha and Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Koraput", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Jeypore", "police_station_or_unit": "Jeypore Town Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jeypore Man and Another v. State of Odisha and Others", "case_number": "Writ Appeal No. 869 of 2021", "citation": null, "judges": [ "S. Muralidhar", "A.K. Mohapatra" ], "judgment_date": "2021-11-11", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2021, "incident_date": "2016-10-29", "incident_year": 2016, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector In-Charge", "unit": "Jeypore Town Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.16, "jev_p_culpable": 0.84, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector In-Charge, Jeypore Town Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Jeypore Town Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Jeypore Town Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jeypore man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 30000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/police-excesses-ohrc-orissa-hc-404065.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/ability-provide-redress-victims-state-police-excesses-role-human-rights-bodies-significant-orissa-high-court-185551", "https://livelaw-bennett.refread.com/pdf_upload/police-excesses-ohrc-orissa-hc-404065.pdf", "https://indialegallive.com/constitutional-law-news/courts-news/orissa-high-court-upholds-single-judge-order-not-providing-relief-to-policemen-held-guilty-for-human-rights-violations-by-ohrc/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Jeypore man @ Abhijit Mohuria was illegally detained at Jeypore Town police station from 29 October to 2 November 2016. After the SP Koraput's report drew a blank, the OHRC's own investigation wing established the detention and recommended (7 September 2021) registration of a regular criminal case, Rs.30,000 State compensation, and recovery from the Inspector In-Charge and Sub-Inspector equally. The officers' writ challenge failed before a Single Judge (29 October 2021). A Division Bench of Chief Justice S. Muralidhar and Justice A.K. Mohapatra dismissed their writ appeal, holding victims of police excess cannot be expected to produce records controlled by the police themselves, and calling the compensation amount insubstantial.", "summary_verified": "A Jeypore man @ Abhijit Mohuria was illegally detained at Jeypore Town police station from 29 October to 2 November 2016. After the SP Koraput's report drew a blank, the OHRC's own investigation wing established the detention and recommended (7 September 2021) registration of a regular criminal case, Rs.30,000 State compensation, and recovery from the Inspector In-Charge and Sub-Inspector equally. The officers' writ challenge failed before a Single Judge (29 October 2021). A Division Bench of Chief Justice S. Muralidhar and Justice A.K. Mohapatra dismissed their writ appeal, holding victims of police excess cannot be expected to produce records controlled by the police themselves, and calling the compensation amount insubstantial.", "court_quote": "That enquiry came up with the finding that Abhijit Mohuria was illegally detained between 29th October and 2nd November, 2016.", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC dismissed officers' appeal, sustaining Rs.30,000 for 5-day illegal detention; order text verified.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2021-11-11", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 30,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "Writ Appeal No. 869 of 2021", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/police-excesses-ohrc-orissa-hc-404065.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/ability-provide-redress-victims-state-police-excesses-role-human-rights-bodies-significant-orissa-high-court-185551", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://livelaw-bennett.refread.com/pdf_upload/police-excesses-ohrc-orissa-hc-404065.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indialegallive.com/constitutional-law-news/courts-news/orissa-high-court-upholds-single-judge-order-not-providing-relief-to-policemen-held-guilty-for-human-rights-violations-by-ohrc/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-41" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-014", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2023-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0280", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0869" ], "display_title": "Chandrapur Man vs State Of Odisha And Others", "display_title_redacted": "Chandrapur Man vs State Of Odisha And Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Rayagada", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Chandrapur", "police_station_or_unit": "Chandrapur Police Station / CRPF camp, Rayagada", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Chandrapur Man vs State Of Odisha And Others", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 13508 of 2010", "citation": "2023 LiveLaw (Ori) 38", "judges": [ "S. Muralidhar", "M.S. Raman" ], "judgment_date": "2023-03-15", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2023, "incident_date": "2010-06-03", "incident_year": 2010, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 14", "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 22" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "CRPF Camp Rayagada / Chandrapur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.25, "jev_p_culpable": 0.55, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, CRPF Camp Rayagada / Chandrapur Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Chandrapur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/55271959/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/orissa-high-court-custodial-death-tribal-man-compensation-wife-crpf-violation-of-article-22-of-constitution-legal-aid-224018", "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/maria-kadaisma-kadaiska-salmina-v-state-of-odisha-15-march-2023-463947.pdf" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. Kandha tribal man a Chandrapur man, collecting firewood, was caught by CRPF personnel during combing operations near Gudari-Chandrapur, brought to the Chandrapur camp and mercilessly beaten, dying on 03-06-2010. The Orissa High Court (Chief Justice's bench) rejected the exhaustion-after-long-walk story, relying on post-mortem injuries, the failure to explain custody injuries, and violation of Articles 14, 21 and 22 first by the CRPF and then the police. Holding both jointly liable for torturing him to death in custody after labelling him a Maoist, it awarded Rs 10 lakh total (Rs 5 lakh each by CRPF and Odisha State Police) within eight weeks (6% interest on delay). It also urged inquiry against government doctors who gave a questionable medical report. (Force recorded as state_police; liability joint with CRPF.). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Kandha tribal man a Chandrapur man, collecting firewood, was caught by CRPF personnel during combing operations near Gudari-Chandrapur, brought to the Chandrapur camp and mercilessly beaten, dying on 03-06-2010. The Orissa High Court (Chief Justice's bench) rejected the exhaustion-after-long-walk story, relying on post-mortem injuries, the failure to explain custody injuries, and violation of Articles 14, 21 and 22 first by the CRPF and then the police. Holding both jointly liable for torturing him to death in custody after labelling him a Maoist, it awarded Rs 10 lakh total (Rs 5 lakh each by CRPF and Odisha State Police) within eight weeks (6% interest on delay). It also urged inquiry against government doctors who gave a questionable medical report. (Force recorded as state_police; liability joint with CRPF.)", "court_quote": "It is not a mere coincidence that the deceased tribal person who was tortured to death while in custody after being labelled a maoist with not even an iota of evidence belonged to the poorer sections of the society. He had no one to represent his interests or to give him legal assistance while in custody. The legal system appears to have completely failed him.", "court_quote_para": "21", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC (CJ bench) held tribal man tortured to death in custody; Rs 10L joint CRPF + Odisha police liability.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2023-03-15", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,000,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2023 LiveLaw (Ori) 38", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [] }, { "date": "2026-09-25", "scope": "Audit fix: duplicate record CW-2023-0038 (same court, case number and judgment date) merged into this record; its sources are kept here and its URL redirects here." } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/55271959/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/orissa-high-court-custodial-death-tribal-man-compensation-wife-crpf-violation-of-article-22-of-constitution-legal-aid-224018", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-09", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "EAST---NORTHEAST-007", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2024-0030", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0866", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Bhadrak Man v. State of Odisha & Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Bhadrak Man v. State of Odisha & Ors.", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Bhadrak", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Bhadrak Man v. State of Odisha & Ors.", "case_number": "W.P.(C) No. 27928 of 2023", "citation": null, "judges": [ "S. K. Panigrahi" ], "judgment_date": "2024-02-08", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2024, "incident_date": "2018-04-16", "incident_year": 2018, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "Odisha Police escort party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, Odisha Police escort party" } ], "officer_count": 0, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 22, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bhadrak man, age 22" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 200000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/basanti-puhan-v-state-of-odisha-08-february-2024-528090.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/orissa-high-court/orissa-high-court-orders-compensation-death-police-custody-252283" ], "summary": "The Orissa High Court held that the death of 22-year-old a Bhadrak man, who fell from a running train on 16 April 2018 while being escorted by Odisha police from Kolkata to Bhadrak after his arrest in Goa, was a custodial death for which the authorities are responsible and the State vicariously liable. The Court found the police owed a duty of care to the arrested person and held that foul play could not be ruled out. Since investigation and departmental inquiry were still pending, the Court awarded Rs.2,00,000 as interim compensation. It directed the State to deposit the amount in the Court within ten weeks, without prejudice to the legal representatives' right to claim compensation in private law proceedings. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Orissa High Court held that the death of 22-year-old a Bhadrak man, who fell from a running train on 16 April 2018 while being escorted by Odisha police from Kolkata to Bhadrak after his arrest in Goa, was a custodial death for which the authorities are responsible and the State vicariously liable. The Court found the police owed a duty of care to the arrested person and held that foul play could not be ruled out. Since investigation and departmental inquiry were still pending, the Court awarded Rs.2,00,000 as interim compensation. It directed the State to deposit the amount in the Court within ten weeks, without prejudice to the legal representatives' right to claim compensation in private law proceedings.", "court_quote": "Therefore, this Court comes to the conclusion that it is a case of custodial death and the authorities are responsible for the same.", "court_quote_para": "26", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC held death in police escort a custodial death and ordered Rs.2 lakh interim compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2024-02-08", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 200,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.P.(C) No. 27928 of 2023", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/basanti-puhan-v-state-of-odisha-08-february-2024-528090.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/orissa-high-court/orissa-high-court-orders-compensation-death-police-custody-252283", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-71" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-44-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2024-0036", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1124", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Union of India & Ors. v. CRPF Head Constable", "display_title_redacted": "Union of India & Ors. v. CRPF Head Constable", "state": "Odisha", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": "Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Forest Camp Training", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Union of India & Ors. v. CRPF Head Constable", "case_number": "Civil Appeal No. 6135 of 2024 (arising out of SLP(C) No. 4106 of 2021)", "citation": "2024 INSC 392; 2024 SCC OnLine SC 845", "judges": [ "D. Y. Chandrachud", "Manoj Misra" ], "judgment_date": "2024-05-08", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2024, "incident_date": "2005-06-18", "incident_year": 2005, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "CRPF Act 1949 s.11", "CRPF Rules Rule 27" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Odisha resident" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "central_armed", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/190417882/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://lawbeat.in/top-stories/supreme-court-upholds-compulsory-retirement-crpf-head-constable", "https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/05/20/punishment-of-compulsory-retirement-crpf-rules-intra-vires-crpf-act-supreme-court-answers/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. CRPF Head Constable was charged with abusing and assaulting Hawaldar an Odisha resident with a stick on 18 June 2005 during Forest Camp Training, with injuries confirmed medically. He was compulsorily retired on 16 February 2006 after an inquiry found the charges proved. The Supreme Court held Rule 27 CRPF Rules intra vires, found no perversity in the enquiry, and held the penalty not shockingly disproportionate for a member of a disciplined force. It allowed the Union's appeal, set aside the Orissa High Court orders, dismissed the writ petition, and affirmed compulsory retirement.", "summary_verified": "CRPF Head Constable was charged with abusing and assaulting Hawaldar an Odisha resident with a stick on 18 June 2005 during Forest Camp Training, with injuries confirmed medically. He was compulsorily retired on 16 February 2006 after an inquiry found the charges proved. The Supreme Court held Rule 27 CRPF Rules intra vires, found no perversity in the enquiry, and held the penalty not shockingly disproportionate for a member of a disciplined force. It allowed the Union's appeal, set aside the Orissa High Court orders, dismissed the writ petition, and affirmed compulsory retirement.", "court_quote": "Rather, considering his past service, already a sympathetic view has been taken in the matter and no further latitude need be shown to the respondent who was part of a disciplined force and has been found guilty of assaulting his colleague.", "court_quote_para": "35", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC judgment verified; CRPF head constable's compulsory retirement for assaulting colleague affirmed (disciplinary_upheld).", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2024-05-08", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "2024 INSC 392; 2024 SCC OnLine SC 845", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/190417882/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://lawbeat.in/top-stories/supreme-court-upholds-compulsory-retirement-crpf-head-constable", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/05/20/punishment-of-compulsory-retirement-crpf-rules-intra-vires-crpf-act-supreme-court-answers/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-101" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-135-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2026-0031", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0291", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1447" ], "display_title": "Cuttack Man vs State Of Odisha & Others", "display_title_redacted": "Cuttack Man vs State Of Odisha & Others", "state": "Odisha", "district": "Cuttack", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Cuttack", "police_station_or_unit": "Lalbag Police Station", "court": "Orissa High Court", "court_as_verified": "Orissa High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Cuttack Man vs State Of Odisha & Others", "case_number": "CRLMP No.790 of 2026", "citation": "2026 LiveLaw (Ori) 87", "judges": [ "R.K. Pattanaik" ], "judgment_date": "2026-07-23", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2026, "incident_date": "2026-05-12", "incident_year": 2026, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 63, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Cuttack man, age 63" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 30000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/2026/07/31/bikram-mohapatra-v-state-of-odisha-690711.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/orissa-high-court/orissa-high-court-orders-enquiry-compensation-illegal-detention-forged-nbw-543745", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/53194397/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Orissa High Court records the following account. A Cuttack man, a 63-year-old furniture shop owner, was arrested from his shop near Cuttack Chandi Mandir Chowk on 12 May 2026 by Lalbag Police Station on a purported non-bailable warrant in a 2001 criminal case. Subsequent judicial inquiries by the SDJM Bhubaneswar confirmed that the warrant was a counterfeit forgery bearing a fake court seal, and that Mohapatra had no connection whatsoever to the case. The Orissa High Court found the arrest and detention prima facie illegal in violation of Article 21. The Court awarded Rs. 30,000 interim compensation to the petitioner, recoverable from the police or court officials found responsible upon conclusion of inquiries by the SDJM and DCP Cuttack. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Cuttack man, a 63-year-old furniture shop owner, was arrested from his shop near Cuttack Chandi Mandir Chowk on 12 May 2026 by Lalbag Police Station on a purported non-bailable warrant in a 2001 criminal case. Subsequent judicial inquiries by the SDJM Bhubaneswar confirmed that the warrant was a counterfeit forgery bearing a fake court seal, and that Mohapatra had no connection whatsoever to the case. The Orissa High Court found the arrest and detention prima facie illegal in violation of Article 21. The Court awarded Rs. 30,000 interim compensation to the petitioner, recoverable from the police or court officials found responsible upon conclusion of inquiries by the SDJM and DCP Cuttack.", "court_quote": "Depending on the outcome of the enquiry to be held by the learned court below and also opposite party No.2, this Court is inclined to award a compensation of Rs.30,000/- (Rupees thirty thousand) payable to the petitioner in view of the illegal arrest and detention prima facie proved considering the materials on record, recovery of which, shall be from the police officials/staff whosoever responsible either of the P.S. concerned or the court below shall be subject to the result of enquiry held and concluded.", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Orissa HC held arrest on forged NBW prima facie illegal detention violating Article 21, awarding Rs. 30,000 compensation recoverable from police/court personnel responsible.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2026-07-23", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Orissa High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Orissa High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 30,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2026 LiveLaw (Ori) 87", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/2026/07/31/bikram-mohapatra-v-state-of-odisha-690711.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/orissa-high-court/orissa-high-court-orders-enquiry-compensation-illegal-detention-forged-nbw-543745", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/53194397/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-48" ], "merged_case_id": "ODISHA-015", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" } ] }