{ "state": "Punjab", "slug": "punjab", "count": 62, "url": "https://datalibertarian.in/babuwatch/state/punjab", "cases": [ { "record_id": "CW-1959-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0505", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ranjit Singh v. The State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Ranjit Singh v. The State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Barnala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Shehna", "police_station_or_unit": "Shehna Police Station", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ranjit Singh v. The State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 19 of 1957", "citation": "AIR 1959 SC 843", "judges": [ "J.L. Kapur", "Syed Jaffer Imam" ], "judgment_date": "1959-04-21", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1959, "incident_date": "1953-09-26", "incident_year": 1953, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering", "subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering", "subcategory_display": "dereliction evidence tampering", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 193" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Ranjit Singh", "rank": "Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Shehna Police Station (then PEPSU)", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.93, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Ranjit Singh", "display": "Ranjit Singh (Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Shehna man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 0.25, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/837269/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRIMINAL%20APPEAL_19_1957.pdf" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of SHO Ranjit Singh of Shehna under Section 193 IPC for filing a false affidavit denying the illegal detention of a Shehna man, who had been kept in the lock-up from 26.09.1953 to 10.10.1953 without charge or remand and then surreptitiously shifted across stations. The Court held a policeman swearing a false return to a habeas corpus petition is liable for false evidence, rejecting pleas that he was not bound to file it. The modified sentence of three months' simple imprisonment plus Rs.50 fine was sustained. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of SHO Ranjit Singh of Shehna under Section 193 IPC for filing a false affidavit denying the illegal detention of a Shehna man, who had been kept in the lock-up from 26.09.1953 to 10.10.1953 without charge or remand and then surreptitiously shifted across stations. The Court held a policeman swearing a false return to a habeas corpus petition is liable for false evidence, rejecting pleas that he was not bound to file it. The modified sentence of three months' simple imprisonment plus Rs.50 fine was sustained.", "court_quote": "In our opinion the appellant has been rightly convicted and we would therefore dismiss this appeal.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC judgment text verified after 429 retry; SHO false-affidavit s.193 conviction upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "AIR 1959 SC 843", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1959-04-21", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "AIR 1959 SC 843", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/837269/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRIMINAL%20APPEAL_19_1957.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-39" ], "merged_case_id": "SWDERELI-017", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1964-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0509", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Roshan Lal and Others v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Roshan Lal and Others v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Faridkot", "district_at_time": "Bathinda (then Bhatinda)", "city_town": "Jaito", "police_station_or_unit": "Jaito Police Station", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Roshan Lal and Others v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "Appeal (Crl.) No. 197 of 1964", "citation": "AIR 1965 SC 1413", "judges": [ "A.K. Sarkar", "N. Rajagopala Ayyangar", "R.S. Bachawat" ], "judgment_date": "1964-12-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1964, "incident_date": "1961-12-24", "incident_year": 1961, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 330", "IPC 330/34", "IPC 348", "IPC 201" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Roshan Lal", "rank": "Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer", "unit": "Police Station Jaito", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.96, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Roshan Lal", "display": "Roshan Lal (Sub-Inspector, Station House Officer)" }, { "name": "Lachhman Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Jaito", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Lachhman Singh", "display": "Lachhman Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": "Kulwant Rai", "rank": "Foot Constable", "unit": "Police Station Jaito", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Kulwant Rai", "display": "Kulwant Rai (Foot Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jaito man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1735477/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/642981/roshan-lal-and-others-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court affirmed the Punjab High Court's reversal of the trial acquittal of three Jaito policemen for the custodial death of opium suspect [name withheld]. Arrested on 24 December 1961, a Jaito man was beaten at his house and again overnight in the police station to extort a confession, found dead the next morning, and his body burnt with the bones ground and thrown in a canal. The High Court had convicted SHO Roshan Lal under Sections 330, 330/34 and 348 IPC and all three under Section 201 IPC with consecutive three-year terms. With special leave confined to the Section 201 term, the Supreme Court reduced it to one year and nine months' rigorous imprisonment and affirmed the judgment in all other respects. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court affirmed the Punjab High Court's reversal of the trial acquittal of three Jaito policemen for the custodial death of opium suspect [name withheld]. Arrested on 24 December 1961, a Jaito man was beaten at his house and again overnight in the police station to extort a confession, found dead the next morning, and his body burnt with the bones ground and thrown in a canal. The High Court had convicted SHO Roshan Lal under Sections 330, 330/34 and 348 IPC and all three under Section 201 IPC with consecutive three-year terms. With special leave confined to the Section 201 term, the Supreme Court reduced it to one year and nine months' rigorous imprisonment and affirmed the judgment in all other respects.", "court_quote": "In the result, the appeal is allowed in part, and the sentences passed on the appellants for the offence u/s 201 of the Indian Penal Code are reduced to rigorous imprisonment for one year and nine months. In other respects, the judgment under appeal is affirmed.", "court_quote_para": "19", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court affirmed Punjab HC's reversal of acquittal, upholding torture/confinement/evidence-destruction convictions of SHO and 2 policemen for custodial death of a Jaito man; reduced only s.201 term to 1y9m. Subcategory corrected to custodial_death.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "AIR 1965 SC 1413", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1964-12-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "AIR 1965 SC 1413", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1735477/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/642981/roshan-lal-and-others-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-16", "chunk-r09" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-002", "officers_named_public": 3, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1970-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1106", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Punjab vs Punjab Police Head Constable (officiating Assistant Sub-Inspector)", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab vs Punjab Police Head Constable (officiating Assistant Sub-Inspector)", "state": "Punjab", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab vs Punjab Police Head Constable (officiating Assistant Sub-Inspector)", "case_number": "Civil Appeals Nos. 336 of 1969 and 844 of 1966", "citation": "AIR 1971 SC 1676; (1970) 3 SCC 656", "judges": [ "J. C. Shah", "K. S. Hegde", "A. N. Grover" ], "judgment_date": "1970-10-13", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1970, "incident_date": "1954-01-01", "incident_year": 1954, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory_display": "false implication fabrication", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable (officiating Assistant Sub-Inspector)", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable (officiating Assistant Sub-Inspector), Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/754938/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://pub-138b930c26524cb4bf6e9099898947c0.r2.dev/judgments/1970/State_Of_Punjab_vs_Bua_Das_Kaushal_on_13_October_1970_1.PDF" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court on 13 October 1970 allowed the State's appeal and dismissed Head Constable's suit, sustaining his 1954 dismissal from the Punjab Police. The Court found that the officiating ASI had been found guilty in a departmental enquiry of fabricating false evidence while investigating a criminal case. It held that the earlier writ judgment dismissing his challenge operated as res judicata, that the plea had not been waived, and that nearly a decade's delay in attacking that judgment could not be condoned. The fabrication charge itself was not re-tried, and no compensation was ordered. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court on 13 October 1970 allowed the State's appeal and dismissed Head Constable's suit, sustaining his 1954 dismissal from the Punjab Police. The Court found that the officiating ASI had been found guilty in a departmental enquiry of fabricating false evidence while investigating a criminal case. It held that the earlier writ judgment dismissing his challenge operated as res judicata, that the plea had not been waived, and that nearly a decade's delay in attacking that judgment could not be condoned. The fabrication charge itself was not re-tried, and no compensation was ordered.", "court_quote": "A charge was leveled against him of having fabricated false evidence while investigating a criminal case. An enquiry was held by the Deputy Superintendent of Police who submitted a report on March 25, 1954 to the District Superintendent finding the respondent guilty of the charge.", "court_quote_para": "1", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC restored dismissal of officiating ASI for fabricating evidence; res judicata from earlier writ barred the suit.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1970-10-13", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "AIR 1971 SC 1676; (1970) 3 SCC 656", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/754938/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://pub-138b930c26524cb4bf6e9099898947c0.r2.dev/judgments/1970/State_Of_Punjab_vs_Bua_Das_Kaushal_on_13_October_1970_1.PDF", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-98" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-127-015", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1974-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0441", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Gian Singh v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Gian Singh v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Bathinda", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Raman", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Raman", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Gian Singh v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal (Special Leave)", "citation": "(1974) 4 SCC 305; AIR 1974 SC 1024", "judges": [ "H. R. Khanna", "V. R. Krishna Iyer" ], "judgment_date": "1974-03-05", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1974, "incident_date": "1968-05-24", "incident_year": 1968, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1947 s.5(1)(d)" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Gian Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (then Station House Officer)", "unit": "Police Station Raman, Bathinda", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.94, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Gian Singh", "display": "Gian Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector (then Station House Officer))" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Raman man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Raman woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 2, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/192975814/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Supreme Court dismissed the special-leave appeal of ASI Gian Singh, then Station House Officer of Police Station Raman, upholding his conviction under Section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947. The Court recorded that on 24 May 1968 he recorded a Raman man's complaint but did not arrest the available accused, and through Sarpanch Chand Singh demanded a bribe scaled from Rs. 150 to Rs. 100 for effecting arrest, with ten Rs. 10 notes from the victim's mother [name withheld] used as speed money in a trap laid with the DSP. It refused to re-weigh evidence under Article 136, holding police trap witnesses are not discreditable merely for being police. The sentence of two years' rigorous imprisonment with a Rs. 500 fine stands, and the accused was directed to surrender if on bail. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court dismissed the special-leave appeal of ASI Gian Singh, then Station House Officer of Police Station Raman, upholding his conviction under Section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947. The Court recorded that on 24 May 1968 he recorded a Raman man's complaint but did not arrest the available accused, and through Sarpanch Chand Singh demanded a bribe scaled from Rs. 150 to Rs. 100 for effecting arrest, with ten Rs. 10 notes from the victim's mother [name withheld] used as speed money in a trap laid with the DSP. It refused to re-weigh evidence under Article 136, holding police trap witnesses are not discreditable merely for being police. The sentence of two years' rigorous imprisonment with a Rs. 500 fine stands, and the accused was directed to surrender if on bail.", "court_quote": "We dismiss the appeal, and if the accused is on bail, he will surrender in consequence.", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC judgment verified on Indian Kanoon; SHO's s.5(1)(d) PC Act 1947 conviction and sentence upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(1974) 4 SCC 305; AIR 1974 SC 1024", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1974-03-05", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(1974) 4 SCC 305; AIR 1974 SC 1024", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/192975814/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-38" ], "merged_case_id": "SWBRIBER-014", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1975-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1058", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Punjab and Others Rajpura Man", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab and Others Rajpura Man", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Patiala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Rajpura", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police (van PNE 4615 escort party)", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab and Others Rajpura Man", "case_number": null, "citation": "AIR 1975 P&H 294", "judges": [ "Bal Raj Tuli" ], "judgment_date": "1975-02-10", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1975, "incident_date": "1957-07-16", "incident_year": 1957, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 22" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable (driver)", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable (driver), Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Rajpura man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 40000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/639744/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the State's appeal and upheld the Rs 40,000 damages decree against the State and constable-driver [name withheld] in favour of lawyer a Rajpura man, a Save Hindi agitation volunteer arrested at Chandigarh station on 15 July 1957, detained at Chandimandar and then conveyed at night in police van PNE 4615. The court held the arrest without warrant, non-production before a Magistrate and conveyance for dispersal were without statutory authority and not a sovereign function. It found the exhausted driver, whose plea for relief was refused, dozed off near Rajpura and struck a tree, crushing the plaintiff's left arm — negligence, not an act of God. The suit against AIG A.[name withheld] was dismissed and nothing was awarded for the detention itself; all then in undivided Punjab. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the State's appeal and upheld the Rs 40,000 damages decree against the State and constable-driver [name withheld] in favour of lawyer a Rajpura man, a Save Hindi agitation volunteer arrested at Chandigarh station on 15 July 1957, detained at Chandimandar and then conveyed at night in police van PNE 4615. The court held the arrest without warrant, non-production before a Magistrate and conveyance for dispersal were without statutory authority and not a sovereign function. It found the exhausted driver, whose plea for relief was refused, dozed off near Rajpura and struck a tree, crushing the plaintiff's left arm — negligence, not an act of God. The suit against AIG A.[name withheld] was dismissed and nothing was awarded for the detention itself; all then in undivided Punjab.", "court_quote": "That the driver was at fault and negligent in the performance of his duties, is abundantly clear on the record.", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Judgment verified on Indian Kanoon; Rs 40,000 decree against named constable-driver and State upheld on appeal. Compensable wrong is negligent injury in custody, not the detention itself.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1975-02-10", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 40,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "AIR 1975 P&H 294", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/639744/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-91" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-109-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1975-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0893", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Inspector-General of Police, Punjab vs [name withheld]", "display_title_redacted": "Inspector-General of Police, Punjab vs [name withheld]", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Kapurthala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Phagwara", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police (Kapurthala)", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Inspector-General of Police, Punjab vs [name withheld]", "case_number": "Letters Patent Appeal No. 10 of 1972", "citation": "ILR (1975) 1 P&H 417", "judges": [ "Harbans Singh", "Bal Raj Tuli" ], "judgment_date": "1975-07-24", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1975, "incident_date": "1966-11-06", "incident_year": 1966, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "Excise Act s.61/1/14", "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.3(1)(a)", "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.3(1)(b)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Punjab Police (Kapurthala)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police (Kapurthala)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/LPA_10_1972.pdf", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Permanent Constable was allegedly found carrying 4,500 ml of illicit liquor near village Athali on 6 November 1966 (FIR 383 under the Excise Act, Phagwara), but the Magistrate acquitted him on 17 June 1967 without recording the available official witnesses after the prosecution gave up the public witness as won over. The SP Kapurthala dismissed him on 23 December 1967 after disciplinary proceedings, affirmed on appeal and revision, but a Single Judge allowed his writ on 20 July 1971. The Division Bench held the acquittal was without jurisdiction and the charge had failed on a technical ground, so action lay under Rule 16.3(1)(a), and the wrong citation of clause (b) did not vitiate it. It allowed the State's appeal, set aside the Single Judge, and restored the dismissal.", "summary_verified": "Permanent Constable was allegedly found carrying 4,500 ml of illicit liquor near village Athali on 6 November 1966 (FIR 383 under the Excise Act, Phagwara), but the Magistrate acquitted him on 17 June 1967 without recording the available official witnesses after the prosecution gave up the public witness as won over. The SP Kapurthala dismissed him on 23 December 1967 after disciplinary proceedings, affirmed on appeal and revision, but a Single Judge allowed his writ on 20 July 1971. The Division Bench held the acquittal was without jurisdiction and the charge had failed on a technical ground, so action lay under Rule 16.3(1)(a), and the wrong citation of clause (b) did not vitiate it. It allowed the State's appeal, set aside the Single Judge, and restored the dismissal.", "court_quote": "We respectfully agree with the learned Single Judge, that the criminal charge against the respondent had failed on a technical ground because the Magistrate refused to record the evidence of the two prosecution witnesses, who were available", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "State's LPA allowed; Single Judge set aside and illicit-liquor dismissal restored — disciplinary_upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1975-07-24", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "ILR (1975) 1 P&H 417", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/LPA_10_1972.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-74" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-49-009", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1983-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1056", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Smt. Piaro Bai v. [name withheld] and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Smt. Piaro Bai v. [name withheld] and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ludhiana", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Sidhwan Bet", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Sidhwan Bet", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Smt. Piaro Bai v. [name withheld] and Others", "case_number": null, "citation": "1984 Cri LJ 57", "judges": [ "M. M. Punchhi" ], "judgment_date": "1983-08-29", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1983, "incident_date": "1983-08-21", "incident_year": 1983, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Sidhwan Bet", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Sidhwan Bet" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Station Sidhwan Bet", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Station Sidhwan Bet" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Station Sidhwan Bet", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Station Sidhwan Bet" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Station House Officer", "unit": "Police Station Sidhwan Bet", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Station House Officer, Police Station Sidhwan Bet" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Sidhwan Bet man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 3000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1592502/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "On a habeas corpus petition by widow [name withheld] for her son [name withheld], the Punjab and Haryana High Court found the detenu confined at Police Station Sidhwan Bet with no roznamcha entry and no registered case, as reported by the court's Warrant Officer on 27 August 1983. The court held there was great divergence between the police officers' versions and that ASI 's explanation was false on its face. It granted the detenu bail in FIR No. 51 of 1982, left him free to seek medical examination and proceed against the culprits over his allegation of severe beating by a constable, and ordered ASI to personally pay Rs 3,000 compensation for the illegal detention. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On a habeas corpus petition by widow [name withheld] for her son [name withheld], the Punjab and Haryana High Court found the detenu confined at Police Station Sidhwan Bet with no roznamcha entry and no registered case, as reported by the court's Warrant Officer on 27 August 1983. The court held there was great divergence between the police officers' versions and that ASI 's explanation was false on its face. It granted the detenu bail in FIR No. 51 of 1982, left him free to seek medical examination and proceed against the culprits over his allegation of severe beating by a constable, and ordered ASI to personally pay Rs 3,000 compensation for the illegal detention.", "court_quote": "The detenu having been found at the police station and the explanation of A.S.[name withheld] on the face of it being false, entitles the detenu to compensation for illegal detention which is fixed at Rs. 3000/- to be paid by A.S.[name withheld].", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Judgment verified on Indian Kanoon; illegal detention proved, Rs 3,000 personal compensation ordered. Beating alleged by detenu but compensation awarded for illegal detention.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1983-08-29", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 3,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1984 Cri LJ 57", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1592502/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-91" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-109-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1986-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1054", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Punjab and Others v. Punjab Police Constable", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab and Others v. Punjab Police Constable", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Patiala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Patiala", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police, Patiala", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab and Others v. Punjab Police Constable", "case_number": "Regular Second Appeal No. 3336 of 1985", "citation": "I.L.R. Punjab and Haryana (1987)2", "judges": [ "S. S. Sodhi" ], "judgment_date": "1986-08-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1986, "incident_date": "1981-04-01", "incident_year": 1981, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "Police Act 1861 s.7" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police, Patiala", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police, Patiala" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/Regular%20Second%20Appeal_3336_1985.pdf", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court sustained the dismissal of Punjab Police constable of Patiala, who had been dismissed on 1 April 1981 by the Additional Superintendent of Police after a departmental enquiry found wilful absence without permission in order to avoid a Refresher Course. The court held the Additional Superintendent of Police has concurrent powers with the Superintendent of Police under s.7 of the Police Act, 1861, so the order was passed by the competent authority. Noting the constable had earned six punishments in ten years of service and was recorded as incorrigible, the court held the punishment called for no interference. It set aside the lower appellate decree that had quashed the dismissal and dismissed the constable's suit; a pure service matter with no citizen victim. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court sustained the dismissal of Punjab Police constable of Patiala, who had been dismissed on 1 April 1981 by the Additional Superintendent of Police after a departmental enquiry found wilful absence without permission in order to avoid a Refresher Course. The court held the Additional Superintendent of Police has concurrent powers with the Superintendent of Police under s.7 of the Police Act, 1861, so the order was passed by the competent authority. Noting the constable had earned six punishments in ten years of service and was recorded as incorrigible, the court held the punishment called for no interference. It set aside the lower appellate decree that had quashed the dismissal and dismissed the constable's suit; a pure service matter with no citizen victim.", "court_quote": "The impugned order of dismissal thus suffers from no infirmity and in this view of the matter, the judgment and decree of the lower appellate court is hereby set aside and the suit of the plaintiff-[name withheld] is hereby dismissed.", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Judgment verified from official HC ILR scan; dismissal for wilful absence sustained. Pure service matter, no citizen victim — retained as disciplinary_upheld per outcome list.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1986-08-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "I.L.R. Punjab and Haryana (1987)2", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/Regular%20Second%20Appeal_3336_1985.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-91" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-109-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1990-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1057", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Zira Man v. S.H.O., Police Station Sadar (Zira)", "display_title_redacted": "Zira Man v. S.H.O., Police Station Sadar (Zira)", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ferozepur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Zira", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Sadar, Zira", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Zira Man v. S.H.O., Police Station Sadar (Zira)", "case_number": null, "citation": "1991 ACJ 439", "judges": [ "Ujagar Singh" ], "judgment_date": "1990-08-18", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1990, "incident_date": "1987-07-03", "incident_year": 1987, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector (Station House Officer)", "unit": "Police Station Sadar, Zira", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector (Station House Officer), Police Station Sadar, Zira" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Zira man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 25000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1955894/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court held Sub-Inspector, SHO of Police Station Sadar Zira, guilty of the illegal arrest of a Zira man, taken from his home at 6 a.m. on 3 July 1987 and seen behind bars at the police station before his whereabouts became unknown. Accepting the District and Sessions Judge Ferozepore's enquiry report, the court rejected the respondent's alibi built on daily-diary entries, observing such entries can be manufactured where a person is illegally arrested with an ulterior motive such as elimination by false encounter. Since it was unascertained whether the detenu was alive or dead, the court directed SI to deposit Rs 25,000 as interim compensation and consigned the petition with liberty to revive it and seek further compensation if elimination is established. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court held Sub-Inspector, SHO of Police Station Sadar Zira, guilty of the illegal arrest of a Zira man, taken from his home at 6 a.m. on 3 July 1987 and seen behind bars at the police station before his whereabouts became unknown. Accepting the District and Sessions Judge Ferozepore's enquiry report, the court rejected the respondent's alibi built on daily-diary entries, observing such entries can be manufactured where a person is illegally arrested with an ulterior motive such as elimination by false encounter. Since it was unascertained whether the detenu was alive or dead, the court directed SI to deposit Rs 25,000 as interim compensation and consigned the petition with liberty to revive it and seek further compensation if elimination is established.", "court_quote": "Till today, there is no definite evidence that the detenu has been eliminated or otherwise he is no more in the world, but this is certain that his whereabouts are not known to the petitioner or others concerned with him. For all this, respondent must be held guilty.", "court_quote_para": "11", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Judgment verified on Indian Kanoon; illegal arrest proved, officer personally liable for Rs 25,000 interim compensation; detenu's fate unknown (disappearance).", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1990-08-18", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 25,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1991 ACJ 439", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1955894/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-91" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-109-004", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1992-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0528", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kharar Man vs [name withheld] and Another", "display_title_redacted": "Kharar Man vs [name withheld] and Another", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar", "district_at_time": "Rupnagar", "city_town": "Kharar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Kharar", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kharar Man vs [name withheld] and Another", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 211 of 1991", "citation": "1992 ACJ 1011", "judges": [ "G. S. Chahal" ], "judgment_date": "1992-02-05", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1992, "incident_date": "1991-02-01", "incident_year": 1991, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Kharar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/766802/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/116567/gurmukh-singh-appellant-hash-harbans-lal-and-another-respondent/" ], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court (Justice G. S. Chahal) held on the father's habeas petition that Punjab Police caused the disappearance of a Kharar man after arresting him at Kharar on 6 February 1991 and detaining him without justification or recovery. The court rejected the police abscondance account as false and a lame excuse, accepting the Sessions Judge Ropar's inquiry findings of arrest with ulterior motive. It held the State liable for its officers and ordered Rs 50,000 compensation (Rs 10,000 to each parent, Rs 20,000 to the wife, Rs 10,000 in fixed deposit for the minor child) within two months, with 12% interest on default. No individual officer is named in the order's findings and no prosecution was directed. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court (Justice G. S. Chahal) held on the father's habeas petition that Punjab Police caused the disappearance of a Kharar man after arresting him at Kharar on 6 February 1991 and detaining him without justification or recovery. The court rejected the police abscondance account as false and a lame excuse, accepting the Sessions Judge Ropar's inquiry findings of arrest with ulterior motive. It held the State liable for its officers and ordered Rs 50,000 compensation (Rs 10,000 to each parent, Rs 20,000 to the wife, Rs 10,000 in fixed deposit for the minor child) within two months, with 12% interest on default. No individual officer is named in the order's findings and no prosecution was directed.", "court_quote": "After hearing the learned counsel, I accept the arguments of Mr. Navkiran Singh that the police has caused disappearance of a Kharar man The State is liable for the action of its officers for such matters.", "court_quote_para": "3", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC held police caused custodial disappearance; Rs 50,000 to family.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1992-02-05", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 50,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1992 ACJ 1011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "officers", "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/766802/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/116567/gurmukh-singh-appellant-hash-harbans-lal-and-another-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-33" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1992-0011", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0887", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Punjab vs Ferozepur Police Constable", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab vs Ferozepur Police Constable", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Firozpur", "district_at_time": "Ferozepur", "city_town": "Ferozepur", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Lines, Ferozepur", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab vs Ferozepur Police Constable", "case_number": null, "citation": "(1993) 103 PLR 317", "judges": [ "G. R. Majithia" ], "judgment_date": "1992-02-24", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1992, "incident_date": "1983-03-06", "incident_year": 1983, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.24", "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.2(1)", "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.14.11-A" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Police Lines, Ferozepur", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Lines, Ferozepur" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/84948/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/623904/state-punjab-vs-karnail-singh" ], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court allowed the State's second appeal and restored the dismissal of constable for wilfully absenting himself from Police Lines, Ferozepur for 37 days in 1983. The court held the proven absence was the gravest act of misconduct under Rule 16.2(1) of the Punjab Police Rules, 1934, that Rule 14.11-A was only an enabling alternative, and that the authorities had passed speaking orders considering his incorrigible record of thirteen prior absence punishments. The first appellate court's decree was set aside and the trial court's dismissal of his suit restored. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court allowed the State's second appeal and restored the dismissal of constable for wilfully absenting himself from Police Lines, Ferozepur for 37 days in 1983. The court held the proven absence was the gravest act of misconduct under Rule 16.2(1) of the Punjab Police Rules, 1934, that Rule 14.11-A was only an enabling alternative, and that the authorities had passed speaking orders considering his incorrigible record of thirteen prior absence punishments. The first appellate court's decree was set aside and the trial court's dismissal of his suit restored.", "court_quote": "He wilfully remained absent from duty for thirty seven days. It will be misnomer to say that the conduct of the plaintiff will not constitute the gravest act of misconduct in terms of Rule 16.2 (1) of the Rules", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC restored dismissal of constable for wilful 37-day absence; first appellate decree set aside.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1992-02-24", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1993) 103 PLR 317", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/84948/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/623904/state-punjab-vs-karnail-singh", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-73" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-49-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1992-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0341", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0591" ], "display_title": "Bhagwan Singh and Another v. State of Punjab; Uttam Chand v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Bhagwan Singh and Another v. State of Punjab; Uttam Chand v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": "CIA Staff, Amritsar", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Bhagwan Singh and Another v. State of Punjab; Uttam Chand v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 388 and 666 of 1981", "citation": "1992 SCC (3) 249; AIR 1992 SC 1689", "judges": [ "K. Jayachandra Reddy", "R. C. Patnaik" ], "judgment_date": "1992-05-08", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1992, "incident_date": "1978-08-06", "incident_year": 1978, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "IPC 34", "IPC 201", "IPC 325", "IPC 323", "IPC 365" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Bhagwan Singh", "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "CIA Staff, Amritsar", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.07, "jev_p_culpable": 0.93, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Bhagwan Singh", "display": "Bhagwan Singh (Head Constable)" }, { "name": "Mukhtiar Singh", "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "CIA Staff, Amritsar", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.1, "jev_p_culpable": 0.86, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Mukhtiar Singh", "display": "Mukhtiar Singh (Head Constable)" }, { "name": "Uttam Chand", "rank": "Constable", "unit": "CIA Staff, Amritsar", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.51, "jev_p_culpable": 0.74, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Uttam Chand", "display": "Uttam Chand (Constable)" }, { "name": "Joginder Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "CIA Staff, Amritsar", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no(overruled by grok)" ], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "yes", "jev_risk": 0.12, "jev_p_culpable": 0.81, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Joginder Singh", "display": "Joginder Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Amritsar resident" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Amritsar resident" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Amritsar resident" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Amritsar resident" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 4, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/judgments/index.php?go=1992/may/bhagwan-singh-anr-vs-state-of-punjab-7", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ac6ee4b014971140edbe", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654412/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court dismissed the appeals of Amritsar CIA Staff policemen and upheld the High Court's convictions for abducting a narcotics suspect and three witnesses from a hotel on 6 August 1978, torturing them in the CIA Staff Room, murdering the suspect and disposing of his body so it was never recovered. The Court held that the trial court's near-acquittal was rightly reversed on the State's appeal, sustaining murder convictions against the ASI (whose appeal later abated on his death) and two Head Constables, and convictions under sections 201, 365, 325/34 and 323/34 against all four. The Court found the circumstances led to an irresistible inference that the policemen who caused the death also caused the disappearance of the body. Sentences, including life terms and a fine payable to the widow, were to run concurrently. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court dismissed the appeals of Amritsar CIA Staff policemen and upheld the High Court's convictions for abducting a narcotics suspect and three witnesses from a hotel on 6 August 1978, torturing them in the CIA Staff Room, murdering the suspect and disposing of his body so it was never recovered. The Court held that the trial court's near-acquittal was rightly reversed on the State's appeal, sustaining murder convictions against the ASI (whose appeal later abated on his death) and two Head Constables, and convictions under sections 201, 365, 325/34 and 323/34 against all four. The Court found the circumstances led to an irresistible inference that the policemen who caused the death also caused the disappearance of the body. Sentences, including life terms and a fine payable to the widow, were to run concurrently.", "court_quote": "Torturing a person and using third degree methods are of medieval nature and they are barbaric and contrary to law.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC dismissed appeals; upheld HC murder/evidence-destruction convictions of CIA Staff police; recategorised custodial_death.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "1992 SCC (3) 249; AIR 1992 SC 1689", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1992-05-08", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "1992 SCC (3) 249; AIR 1992 SC 1689", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/judgments/index.php?go=1992/may/bhagwan-singh-anr-vs-state-of-punjab-7", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ac6ee4b014971140edbe", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654412/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-30", "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SUPREM-026", "officers_named_public": 4, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1992-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0656", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Ram Singh, Ex-Constable", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Ram Singh, Ex-Constable", "state": "Punjab", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Ram Singh, Ex-Constable", "case_number": null, "citation": "(1992) 4 SCC 54; AIR 1992 SC 2188", "judges": [ "K. Ramaswamy", "A.M. Ahmadi", "M.M. Punchhi" ], "judgment_date": "1992-07-24", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1992, "incident_date": null, "incident_year": 1980, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": "Ram Singh", "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.04, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Ram Singh", "display": "Ram Singh (Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1652148/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ac70e4b014971140ee1e" ], "summary": "Constable Ram Singh, gunman of the Deputy Commissioner of Police, was found heavily drunk on duty roaming at a bus stand wearing his service revolver; a traffic constable took him to the police station, the revolver was deposited in the malkhana, and medical examination confirmed heavy drunkenness. Dismissed on 11 February 1980 after a prescribed-procedure enquiry, he won reinstatement through a civil suit affirmed up to second appeal on the ground that a single drink was not the gravest misconduct. The Supreme Court held a single act of heavy armed drunkenness on duty is the gravest misconduct under Rule 16.2(1) of the Punjab Police Manual, allowed the appeal and restored the dismissal.", "summary_verified": "Constable Ram Singh, gunman of the Deputy Commissioner of Police, was found heavily drunk on duty roaming at a bus stand wearing his service revolver; a traffic constable took him to the police station, the revolver was deposited in the malkhana, and medical examination confirmed heavy drunkenness. Dismissed on 11 February 1980 after a prescribed-procedure enquiry, he won reinstatement through a civil suit affirmed up to second appeal on the ground that a single drink was not the gravest misconduct. The Supreme Court held a single act of heavy armed drunkenness on duty is the gravest misconduct under Rule 16.2(1) of the Punjab Police Manual, allowed the appeal and restored the dismissal.", "court_quote": "Thus it would constitute gravest misconduct warranting dismissal from service. The authorities, therefore, were justified in imposing the penalty of dismissal.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC judgment text verified on Indian Kanoon; armed drunkenness on duty held gravest misconduct, dismissal restored.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1992-07-24", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1992) 4 SCC 54; AIR 1992 SC 2188", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1652148/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ac70e4b014971140ee1e", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-45" ], "merged_case_id": "SWOTHERM-020", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1993-0009", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0888", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Punjab Police Ex-Constable (No. 1119/FZR) vs The State of Punjab and Another", "display_title_redacted": "Punjab Police Ex-Constable (No. 1119/FZR) vs The State of Punjab and Another", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ferozepur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ferozepur", "police_station_or_unit": "Ferozepur (SSP Ferozepur establishment), Punjab Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Punjab Police Ex-Constable (No. 1119/FZR) vs The State of Punjab and Another", "case_number": "Civil Writ Petition No. 10190 of 1988", "citation": "(1993) 105 PLR 117", "judges": [ "R.K. Nehru", "G.R. Majithia" ], "judgment_date": "1993-05-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1993, "incident_date": "1986-08-22", "incident_year": 1986, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 226", "Constitution Art. 227", "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.2(1)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Ex-Constable (No. 1119/FZR)", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Ferozepur, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Ex-Constable (No. 1119/FZR), Ferozepur, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/136911/karnail-singh-ex-constable-appellant-hash-the-state-of-punjab-and-another-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Constable (No. 1119/FZR) of the Punjab Police was dismissed by the SSP Ferozepur on 18 August 1987 after a departmental enquiry proved his absence without leave for 5 months and 5 days (22 August 1986 to 2 March 1987), and his appeal was rejected by the DIG on 30 December 1987. He challenged both orders under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution. The Division Bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court held that he had remained habitually absent despite eight prior punishments, that the past record was rightly considered in awarding dismissal, and that the action suffered from no infirmity. The writ petition was dismissed with no order as to costs, leaving the dismissal intact. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Constable (No. 1119/FZR) of the Punjab Police was dismissed by the SSP Ferozepur on 18 August 1987 after a departmental enquiry proved his absence without leave for 5 months and 5 days (22 August 1986 to 2 March 1987), and his appeal was rejected by the DIG on 30 December 1987. He challenged both orders under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution. The Division Bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court held that he had remained habitually absent despite eight prior punishments, that the past record was rightly considered in awarding dismissal, and that the action suffered from no infirmity. The writ petition was dismissed with no order as to costs, leaving the dismissal intact.", "court_quote": "His absence from duty continuously for 5 months and 5 days was not an isolated Act. There had been repeated acts of remaining absent from duty for which he has been awarded punishment and the past record was taken into account while awarding punishment of dismissal from service. On the facts of the instant case, we do not find that the action of the respondents suffers from any infirmity.", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Writ dismissed; dismissal for 5-month-5-day habitual absence upheld — disciplinary_upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1993-05-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1993) 105 PLR 117", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/136911/karnail-singh-ex-constable-appellant-hash-the-state-of-punjab-and-another-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-74" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-49-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1994-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0889", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Punjab Police Ex-Constable vs State of Punjab and Another", "display_title_redacted": "Punjab Police Ex-Constable vs State of Punjab and Another", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": "Guard party, residence of SSP Amritsar, Punjab Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Punjab Police Ex-Constable vs State of Punjab and Another", "case_number": "Regular Second Appeal No. 220 of 1989", "citation": "(1994) 01 P&H CK 0128", "judges": [ "A.L. Bahri" ], "judgment_date": "1994-01-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1994, "incident_date": "1983-01-19", "incident_year": 1983, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.2", "Punjab Police Rules 1934 r.16.24(1)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Ex-Constable", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Guard party, residence of SSP Amritsar, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Ex-Constable, Guard party, residence of SSP Amritsar, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/160470/dharam-singh-ex-constable-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-another-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Constable was posted on armed sentry duty (10 p.m. to 2 a.m.) at the residence of the SSP Amritsar on the night of 19-20 January 1983, but slept in the garage, and his service rifle was stolen (FIR No. 50 under Section 380 IPC). After a regular enquiry he was dismissed from service, affirmed on departmental appeal and revision, and his civil suit was dismissed by both lower courts. In regular second appeal he argued only that dismissal was disproportionate since the rifle was later recovered at his instance. The High Court held that abandoning armed sentry duty and allowing the rifle to be stolen was the gravest misconduct rendering him completely unfit for the police, and dismissed the appeal with no order as to costs.", "summary_verified": "Constable was posted on armed sentry duty (10 p.m. to 2 a.m.) at the residence of the SSP Amritsar on the night of 19-20 January 1983, but slept in the garage, and his service rifle was stolen (FIR No. 50 under Section 380 IPC). After a regular enquiry he was dismissed from service, affirmed on departmental appeal and revision, and his civil suit was dismissed by both lower courts. In regular second appeal he argued only that dismissal was disproportionate since the rifle was later recovered at his instance. The High Court held that abandoning armed sentry duty and allowing the rifle to be stolen was the gravest misconduct rendering him completely unfit for the police, and dismissed the appeal with no order as to costs.", "court_quote": "Such an act on his part is gravest in nature which would completely make him unfit for police department", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Second appeal dismissed; dismissal for sleeping on armed sentry duty upheld — disciplinary_upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1994-01-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1994) 01 P&H CK 0128", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/160470/dharam-singh-ex-constable-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-another-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-74" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-49-004", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1994-0004", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0711", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ladowal Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Ladowal Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ludhiana", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ladowal", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ladowal Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": null, "citation": "1996 ACJ 193; (1995) 109 PLR 117", "judges": [ "S. P. Kurdukar", "H. S. Bedi" ], "judgment_date": "1994-05-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1994, "incident_date": "1991-08-17", "incident_year": 1991, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable (Munshi)", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable (Munshi), Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Punjab Home Guard", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Punjab Home Guard, Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Police Chowki Ladowal, Ludhiana" } ], "officer_count": 7, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 42, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ladowal man, age 42" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1814190/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "A Ladowal man, an agricultural labourer and milk vendor, was picked up on 16 August 1991 by six personnel of Police Chowki Ladowal and found dead in custody on the morning of 17 August 1991. The State admitted the death in custody but offered shifting explanations of snake-bite, vasovagal shock and chronic asthma, and produced an affidavit from the widow stating she wanted no action. The Division Bench rejected the explanations, holding the custodian must account for a death in custody and that, the explanation being unacceptable, the inference must follow that it was a custodial death, not a natural death. The Court accepted the writ and awarded Rs.1,50,000 in full and final satisfaction, Rs.50,000 withdrawable by the widow and the balance in FDRs for the three minor children. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Ladowal man, an agricultural labourer and milk vendor, was picked up on 16 August 1991 by six personnel of Police Chowki Ladowal and found dead in custody on the morning of 17 August 1991. The State admitted the death in custody but offered shifting explanations of snake-bite, vasovagal shock and chronic asthma, and produced an affidavit from the widow stating she wanted no action. The Division Bench rejected the explanations, holding the custodian must account for a death in custody and that, the explanation being unacceptable, the inference must follow that it was a custodial death, not a natural death. The Court accepted the writ and awarded Rs.1,50,000 in full and final satisfaction, Rs.50,000 withdrawable by the widow and the balance in FDRs for the three minor children.", "court_quote": "We accordingly conclude that the death of a Ladowal man is a custodial death of which the respondents could not give satisfactory explanation.", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "DB held unexplained death in custody is custodial death; Rs.1,50,000 compensation awarded.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1994-05-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1996 ACJ 193; (1995) 109 PLR 117", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1814190/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP8-006", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1994-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0306", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0712" ], "display_title": "Bhawanigarh Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Bhawanigarh Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sangrur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Bhawanigarh", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Bhawanigarh Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 351 of 1993", "citation": "(1994) 08 P&H CK 0051", "judges": [ "H.S. Bedi" ], "judgment_date": "1994-08-17", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1994, "incident_date": "1993-04-24", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "IPC 149", "Arms Act 27" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.6, "jev_p_culpable": 0.46, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.61, "jev_p_culpable": 0.56, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.47, "jev_p_culpable": 0.58, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.49, "jev_p_culpable": 0.58, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.59, "jev_p_culpable": 0.57, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.56, "jev_p_culpable": 0.53, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.55, "jev_p_culpable": 0.59, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.55, "jev_p_culpable": 0.61, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.61, "jev_p_culpable": 0.56, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.51, "jev_p_culpable": 0.57, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Police Station Bhawanigarh", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.59, "jev_p_culpable": 0.58, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Police Station Bhawanigarh" } ], "officer_count": 11, "victims": [ { "age": 25, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Bhawanigarh man, age 25" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/146863/hardeep-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa200281995en.pdf", "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49479607dba348f00c242" ], "summary": "[name withheld] @ Dalli, aged 25, was handed to Bhawanigarh police on 22 April 1993 and police claimed he escaped during a half-hour exchange of fire on 24 April 1993; the Sessions Judge, Patiala, found instead that 11 police personnel conspired to liquidate him and murdered him in village Majhi. The High Court substantially accepted the report, directing registration of a murder case under Sections 302/149 IPC with Section 27 Arms Act, transfer of the officers out of Bhawanigarh, and CBI investigation, leaving action against a Haryana DSP for earlier illegal custody open pending the CBI report. Equating the death with victims of terrorist violence under Punjab policy as on 23 April 1993, the Court held the mother entitled to monetary compensation via the District Magistrate Sangrur within one month plus benefits including priority employment within three months, as an interim measure. No fixed rupee sum was stated in the judgment. Two different men of the same name were held liable in this judgment — Assistant Sub-Inspector and Special Police Officer — and the name further collides with convicted officers of the same name in other records of this dataset; rank and unit disambiguate them. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "[name withheld] @ Dalli, aged 25, was handed to Bhawanigarh police on 22 April 1993 and police claimed he escaped during a half-hour exchange of fire on 24 April 1993; the Sessions Judge, Patiala, found instead that 11 police personnel conspired to liquidate him and murdered him in village Majhi. The High Court substantially accepted the report, directing registration of a murder case under Sections 302/149 IPC with Section 27 Arms Act, transfer of the officers out of Bhawanigarh, and CBI investigation, leaving action against a Haryana DSP for earlier illegal custody open pending the CBI report. Equating the death with victims of terrorist violence under Punjab policy as on 23 April 1993, the Court held the mother entitled to monetary compensation via the District Magistrate Sangrur within one month plus benefits including priority employment within three months, as an interim measure. No fixed rupee sum was stated in the judgment.", "court_quote": "the positive finding of the Sessions Judge, is that the police officers had murdered [name withheld] alias Dalli in the area of village Majhi within the jurisdiction of Police Station, Bhawanigarh", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC accepted finding that 11 Bhawanigarh personnel conspired to murder detainee, ordering murder case, CBI probe, policy-based compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1994-08-17", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered compensation in an amount stated in the judgment.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1994) 08 P&H CK 0051", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/146863/hardeep-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa200281995en.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49479607dba348f00c242", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-53", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-010", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1995-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0307", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Majitha Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Majitha Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Majitha", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police (Majitha / Kalanaur / Dera Baba Nanak)", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Majitha Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 221 of 1994", "citation": "AIR 1995 SC 1949", "judges": [ "A.M. Ahmadi", "A.S. Anand", "S.P. Bharucha" ], "judgment_date": "1995-05-10", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1995, "incident_date": "1991-10-29", "incident_year": 1991, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.17, "jev_p_culpable": 0.68, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Senior Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Batala Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.6, "jev_p_culpable": 0.62, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Batala Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Inspector General of Police", "unit": "Border Range, Amritsar", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.8, "jev_p_culpable": 0.33, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Inspector General of Police, Border Range, Amritsar" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Majitha man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 7, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1050000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/206146/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/357489/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court of India held the State of Punjab liable for the abduction, unlawful detention, and extrajudicial liquidation of seven members of a single family from village Bagga, Majitha. Acting upon a report submitted by the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation, the Court found that DSP led a police party to forcibly abduct the seven victims in October 1991 to avenge his brother's kidnapping by militants, subsequently holding them at Kalanaur and Dera Baba Nanak police stations before liquidating them. The Court condemned senior supervisory officers including SSP Batala and DIG Border Range for sitting on complaints for months. The Supreme Court directed the State of Punjab to pay compensation of Rs 1.50 lakh to the legal representatives of each of the seven victims (totalling Rs 10.5 lakh), expeditiously prosecute the chargesheeted police officers, and initiate disciplinary inquiries against negligent senior officials. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court of India held the State of Punjab liable for the abduction, unlawful detention, and extrajudicial liquidation of seven members of a single family from village Bagga, Majitha. Acting upon a report submitted by the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation, the Court found that DSP led a police party to forcibly abduct the seven victims in October 1991 to avenge his brother's kidnapping by militants, subsequently holding them at Kalanaur and Dera Baba Nanak police stations before liquidating them. The Court condemned senior supervisory officers including SSP Batala and DIG Border Range for sitting on complaints for months. The Supreme Court directed the State of Punjab to pay compensation of Rs 1.50 lakh to the legal representatives of each of the seven victims (totalling Rs 10.5 lakh), expeditiously prosecute the chargesheeted police officers, and initiate disciplinary inquiries against negligent senior officials.", "court_quote": "A Deputy Superintendent of the Punjab Police and a police party abducted the said 7 persons. The Deputy Superintendent of Police misused the machinery of the police to wreak private vengeance upon the said 7 persons.", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court found DSP-led police party abducted and killed 7 family members, awarded Rs 1.50 lakh compensation per victim (Rs 10,50,000 total) plus prosecution and disciplinary action.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1995-05-10", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,050,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "AIR 1995 SC 1949", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/206146/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/357489/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-16" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1995-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0308", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Hariana Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Hariana Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Hoshiarpur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Hariana", "police_station_or_unit": "Hariana Police Station", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Hariana Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Miscellaneous No. 5 of 1995 In Criminal Writ Petition No. 125 of 1993", "citation": "(1995) 3 RCR (Criminal) 110", "judges": [ "V.S. Aggarwal" ], "judgment_date": "1995-05-17", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1995, "incident_date": "1993-03-06", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 224", "CrPC 482" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Hariana Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.79, "jev_p_culpable": 0.46, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Hariana Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Hariana Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.95, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Hariana Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 30, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Hariana man, age 30" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 100000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/142840/hazura-singh-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://journals.law.harvard.edu/hrj/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2020/06/15HHRJ269-Kaur.pdf" ], "summary": "The High Court of Punjab and Haryana awarded Rs 1,00,000 compensation to the family of a Hariana man, who was eliminated in police custody. A Hariana man had been arrested on 30 December 1992 by Inspector of PS Hariana, and police subsequently claimed he escaped on 6 March 1993 while being led by Constable to recover hidden weapons. An inquiry conducted by the Sessions Judge, Hoshiarpur, rejected the police escape story and concluded that a Hariana man was in all probability eliminated by the police party. The High Court accepted the inquiry report and directed the State to pay compensation for the benefit of the deceased's four children, wife, and elderly parents. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The High Court of Punjab and Haryana awarded Rs 1,00,000 compensation to the family of a Hariana man, who was eliminated in police custody. A Hariana man had been arrested on 30 December 1992 by Inspector of PS Hariana, and police subsequently claimed he escaped on 6 March 1993 while being led by Constable to recover hidden weapons. An inquiry conducted by the Sessions Judge, Hoshiarpur, rejected the police escape story and concluded that a Hariana man was in all probability eliminated by the police party. The High Court accepted the inquiry report and directed the State to pay compensation for the benefit of the deceased's four children, wife, and elderly parents.", "court_quote": "On 11.8.1994, a Single Bench of this Court directed that a case be registered against [name withheld], SHO incharge of the police station and the police party headed by him. It was further directed that investigation should be conducted by an officer not below the rank of Inspector General of Police, Crimes, or Inspector General of Police, Internal Vigilance.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Punjab & Haryana HC accepted inquiry finding that a Hariana man was eliminated by police after staged escape, awarding Rs 1,00,000 compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1995-05-17", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1995) 3 RCR (Criminal) 110", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/142840/hazura-singh-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://journals.law.harvard.edu/hrj/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2020/06/15HHRJ269-Kaur.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-16" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-012", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1995-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0532", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ludhiana Man v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Ludhiana Man v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ludhiana", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ludhiana", "police_station_or_unit": "PS Focal Point / PS Kotwali, Ludhiana", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ludhiana Man v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "Crl. Misc. No. 3052-M of 1994 and connected", "citation": "1996 CriLJ 1037", "judges": [ "V. K. Jhanji" ], "judgment_date": "1995-09-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1995, "incident_date": "1994-03-15", "incident_year": 1994, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Ludhiana", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Ludhiana, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.1, "jev_p_culpable": 0.85, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Superintendent of Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Station House Officer, PS Kotwali", "unit": "Ludhiana Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Station House Officer, PS Kotwali, Ludhiana Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Station House Officer, PS Focal Point", "unit": "Ludhiana Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.12, "jev_p_culpable": 0.84, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Station House Officer, PS Focal Point, Ludhiana Police" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ludhiana man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ludhiana man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ludhiana man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 3, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 400000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1312117/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ad8de4b0149711411aa9", "https://data.ensaaf.org/static/files/saini/pdf/Vinod_Kumar_S_O_Rattan_Singh_vs_State_Of_Punjab_on_14_September,_1995.pdf" ], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court acted on the CBI report establishing on circumstantial evidence that SSP Ludhiana Sumedh Saini, an SP and two SHOs caused the disappearance of businessman [name withheld], his brother-in-law and his driver after they left for Ludhiana on 15 March 1994 following a High Court appearance. The Court directed the CBI challan to be filed before the CJM Ambala for fair trial and ordered Rs 2 lakh interim ex gratia each to the wives and children of a Ludhiana man and a Ludhiana man Suo motu contempt against two officers was discharged with observations kept off the criminal trial's merits. The Supreme Court in 2000 recast only the sanction direction as a duty to consider, leaving interim relief undisturbed. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court acted on the CBI report establishing on circumstantial evidence that SSP Ludhiana Sumedh Saini, an SP and two SHOs caused the disappearance of businessman [name withheld], his brother-in-law and his driver after they left for Ludhiana on 15 March 1994 following a High Court appearance. The Court directed the CBI challan to be filed before the CJM Ambala for fair trial and ordered Rs 2 lakh interim ex gratia each to the wives and children of a Ludhiana man and a Ludhiana man Suo motu contempt against two officers was discharged with observations kept off the criminal trial's merits. The Supreme Court in 2000 recast only the sanction direction as a duty to consider, leaving interim relief undisturbed.", "court_quote": "In the light of the circumstantial evidence on record, it is established that Shri [name withheld], the then SSP Ludhiana, Shri [name withheld], SP, [name withheld] SHO PS Kotwali and [name withheld], SHO, P. S. Focal Point are responsible for causing the disappearance of a Ludhiana man, a Ludhiana man and a Ludhiana man", "court_quote_para": "17 (CBI report para 91)", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC relied on CBI report fixing SSP/SP/SHOs; Rs 2L ex gratia per family; SC (2000) only recast sanction direction.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1995-09-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 400,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1996 CriLJ 1037", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1312117/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ad8de4b0149711411aa9", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://data.ensaaf.org/static/files/saini/pdf/Vinod_Kumar_S_O_Rattan_Singh_vs_State_Of_Punjab_on_14_September,_1995.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-009", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1996-0014", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1093", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Punjab Police Constable vs State of Punjab and Another", "display_title_redacted": "Punjab Police Constable vs State of Punjab and Another", "state": "Punjab", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Punjab Police Constable vs State of Punjab and Another", "case_number": "Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 903 of 1996", "citation": "(1996) 7 SCC 748; AIR 1996 SC 3159", "judges": [ "K. Ramaswamy", "G. B. Pattanaik" ], "judgment_date": "1996-01-29", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": null, "incident_year": null, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 302 read with IPC 34", "IPC 323", "IPC 324", "Probation of Offenders Act 1958 s.12", "Punjab Police Rules Rule 16.2(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/683334/karam-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-and-another/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1447604/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court on 29 January 1996 dismissed constable 's plea for reinstatement into the Punjab Police after his criminal conviction. The Court recorded that he was charged with others under Sections 302/34, 323 and 324 IPC for an assault causing one death and one injury; the High Court set aside the murder and hurt convictions but maintained the Section 323 IPC conviction and released him on probation. The Court held that release on probation under Section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Act does not wipe out the conviction, and that as a member of a disciplined force he was expected to prevent crime rather than participate in it. It found the authorities justified in refusing reinstatement under Rule 16.2(2) of the Punjab Police Rules, converting the penalty of dismissal into removal from service. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court on 29 January 1996 dismissed constable 's plea for reinstatement into the Punjab Police after his criminal conviction. The Court recorded that he was charged with others under Sections 302/34, 323 and 324 IPC for an assault causing one death and one injury; the High Court set aside the murder and hurt convictions but maintained the Section 323 IPC conviction and released him on probation. The Court held that release on probation under Section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Act does not wipe out the conviction, and that as a member of a disciplined force he was expected to prevent crime rather than participate in it. It found the authorities justified in refusing reinstatement under Rule 16.2(2) of the Punjab Police Rules, converting the penalty of dismissal into removal from service.", "court_quote": "In that view, the petitioner being a member of the disciplined police force, the authorities were justified in rejecting his reinstatement. However, we convert the penalty of dismissal into one of removal from service.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC upheld refusal to reinstate convicted constable; dismissal converted to removal.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-01-29", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1996) 7 SCC 748; AIR 1996 SC 3159", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/683334/karam-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-and-another/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1447604/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-97" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-127-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1996-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0774", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0304" ], "display_title": "Ropar Man vs State of Punjab and others", "display_title_redacted": "Ropar Man vs State of Punjab and others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Rupnagar", "district_at_time": "Ropar", "city_town": "Ropar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station City Ropar / Police Station Sadar Ropar", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ropar Man vs State of Punjab and others", "case_number": null, "citation": "1996 SCC (4) 742; 1996 SCALE (4) 416", "judges": [ "Kuldip Singh", "Faizan Uddin" ], "judgment_date": "1996-05-10", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": "1993-01-25", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 364", "IPC 302", "IPC 201", "IPC 193", "IPC 194", "IPC 211", "IPC 218" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Ropar Police, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Ropar Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Ropar Police, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Ropar Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Ropar Police, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Ropar Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Inspector General", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Inspector General, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 5, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ropar man", "name": null }, { "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Ropar woman", "name": null }, { "age": 2, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Ropar youngster, age 2", "name": null }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ropar man", "name": null } ], "victims_redacted": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": null }, { "age": 2, "gender": null, "descriptor": null }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" } ], "anonymised": true, "victim_count": 4, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1200000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1512669/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://lawsathi.in/judgements/pdf/sc/1996/en/S_1996_2_787_795_EN.pdf", "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/680504/punjab-and-haryana-high-court-bar-association-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-responde/", "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ad08e4b014971141052b" ], "summary": "Advocate a man, his wife and two-year-old child vanished after driving to PS City Ropar on 25 January 1993 and were never found; Ropar police instead built the murder case against a man, who agreed under police pressure to own the killings to save his life. The CBI report commissioned by the Supreme Court proved beyond reasonable doubt that a man's confession was falsely recorded and the Bhakra Canal car recovery falsely shown, naming an SI, ASI, Inspector and DSP prima facie responsible for false implication under Sections 194, 211 and 218 IPC and indicting a DIG for lack of supervision. The Supreme Court ordered a man's immediate release with Rs. 2,00,000 compensation (recoverable from the officers personally on conviction) and Rs. 10,00,000 to the advocate's parents. It transferred the trial to Chandigarh, ordered sanction decisions within a month, suspension of the officers during trial, and left the abduction and murder charge to the trial court. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Advocate Kulwant Singh, his wife and two-year-old child vanished after driving to PS City Ropar on 25 January 1993 and were never found; Ropar police instead built the murder case against Harpreet Singh @ Lucky, who agreed under police pressure to own the killings to save his life. The CBI report commissioned by the Supreme Court proved beyond reasonable doubt that Lucky's confession was falsely recorded and the Bhakra Canal car recovery falsely shown, naming an SI, ASI, Inspector and DSP prima facie responsible for false implication under Sections 194, 211 and 218 IPC and indicting a DIG for lack of supervision. The Supreme Court ordered Lucky's immediate release with Rs. 2,00,000 compensation (recoverable from the officers personally on conviction) and Rs. 10,00,000 to the advocate's parents. It transferred the trial to Chandigarh, ordered sanction decisions within a month, suspension of the officers during trial, and left the abduction and murder charge to the trial court.", "court_quote": "The abduction and murder of [a man] and his family was the most heinous crime against humanity.", "court_quote_para": "2", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC held Ropar police falsely implicated Harpreet Singh (false confession, false recovery), ordering release, Rs 2 lakh to him and Rs 10 lakh to advocate's parents.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-05-10", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,200,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1996 SCC (4) 742; 1996 SCALE (4) 416", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1512669/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://lawsathi.in/judgements/pdf/sc/1996/en/S_1996_2_787_795_EN.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/680504/punjab-and-haryana-high-court-bar-association-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-responde/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609ad08e4b014971141052b", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-33", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "NORTH-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1996-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0310", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1432" ], "display_title": "Mohali Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Mohali Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar", "district_at_time": "Rupnagar", "city_town": "Mohali", "police_station_or_unit": "CIA Staff Patiala", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Mohali Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 3342 of 1989", "citation": "(1996) 3 RCR (Criminal) 752", "judges": [ "V.K. Jhanji" ], "judgment_date": "1996-07-05", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": "1989-09-01", "incident_year": 1989, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "CrPC 197" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "CIA Staff Patiala", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.76, "jev_p_culpable": 0.45, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, CIA Staff Patiala" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "CIA Staff Patiala", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.81, "jev_p_culpable": 0.43, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, CIA Staff Patiala" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mohali man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mohali man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/144857/tarlochan-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/india1007/india1007.htm", "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49491607dba348f00d611", "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/153425/karnail-singh-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/" ], "summary": "The High Court of Punjab and Haryana held that CIA Staff Patiala police officers abducted and eliminated a Mohali man following a raid on a house in SAS Nagar (Mohali) in September 1989, in which his companion a Mohali man was shot dead. The Court accepted the report of the District and Sessions Judge, Chandigarh, rejecting the police's false claim that a Mohali man had escaped unarmed from an armed police cordon. The High Court directed the CBI to register a criminal case, investigate, and file a chargesheet against Inspector [name withheld] and ASI, and awarded Rs 3,00,000 compensation to the deceased's family, recoverable from the accused upon conviction. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The High Court of Punjab and Haryana held that CIA Staff Patiala police officers abducted and eliminated a Mohali man following a raid on a house in SAS Nagar (Mohali) in September 1989, in which his companion a Mohali man was shot dead. The Court accepted the report of the District and Sessions Judge, Chandigarh, rejecting the police's false claim that a Mohali man had escaped unarmed from an armed police cordon. The High Court directed the CBI to register a criminal case, investigate, and file a chargesheet against Inspector [name withheld] and ASI, and awarded Rs 3,00,000 compensation to the deceased's family, recoverable from the accused upon conviction.", "court_quote": "the evidence both direct and circumstantial, as discussed above, inevitably points to the conclusion that a Mohali man was effectively captured from House No. 1752 and whisked away in the jeep parked at some distance from the aforesaid house to some undisclosed destination and his nonproduction before the Hon'ble High Court is indicative of his elimination in flagrant violation of law of the land", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Punjab & Haryana HC accepted inquiry finding that CIA Patiala police abducted and eliminated a Mohali man, ordered CBI prosecution and awarded Rs 3,00,000 compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-07-05", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1996) 3 RCR (Criminal) 752", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/144857/tarlochan-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/india1007/india1007.htm", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49491607dba348f00d611", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/153425/karnail-singh-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-16", "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-014", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1996-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0534", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Amritsar Man v. State of Punjab and Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Amritsar Man v. State of Punjab and Ors.", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": "Tarn Taran Police", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Amritsar Man v. State of Punjab and Ors.", "case_number": "Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 497 of 1996", "citation": null, "judges": [], "judgment_date": "1996-08-07", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": "1995-09-06", "incident_year": 1995, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 365" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Senior Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Tarn Taran Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.73, "jev_p_culpable": 0.18, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Tarn Taran Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.78, "jev_p_culpable": 0.15, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 7, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Amritsar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://ia600701.us.archive.org/17/items/JaswantSinghKhalra-AMartyrForHumanRights/JaswantSinghKhalra-AMartyrForHumanRights.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/80798392/", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/342168/", "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/153425/karnail-singh-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court, on Paramjit Kaur's habeas petition for her husband [name withheld] abducted on 6 September 1995, ordered a CBI inquiry and then prosecution of the officials on the CBI report, directing Punjab to pay Rs 10 lakh interim compensation recoverable from the officers on conviction. The Court called kidnapping that leaves a family in the dark about whether the victim is alive or dead the worst crime against humanity. The unreported Record of Proceedings is corroborated by the Punjab and Haryana High Court in [name withheld] (2001), which records the date and amount. The officials were later convicted at trial with convictions upheld to the Supreme Court. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court, on Paramjit Kaur's habeas petition for her husband [name withheld] abducted on 6 September 1995, ordered a CBI inquiry and then prosecution of the officials on the CBI report, directing Punjab to pay Rs 10 lakh interim compensation recoverable from the officers on conviction. The Court called kidnapping that leaves a family in the dark about whether the victim is alive or dead the worst crime against humanity. The unreported Record of Proceedings is corroborated by the Punjab and Haryana High Court in [name withheld] (2001), which records the date and amount. The officials were later convicted at trial with convictions upheld to the Supreme Court.", "court_quote": "Kidnapping of a person whose family is totally in dark about his whereabouts - even about the fact whether he is alive or dead - is the worst crime against humanity.", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "medium", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC ordered prosecution on CBI report plus Rs 10L interim compensation; order corroborated by [name withheld] (2001).", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-08-07", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,000,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 497 of 1996", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "officers" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://ia600701.us.archive.org/17/items/JaswantSinghKhalra-AMartyrForHumanRights/JaswantSinghKhalra-AMartyrForHumanRights.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/80798392/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/342168/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/153425/karnail-singh-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-013", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1996-0012", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0778", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0301" ], "display_title": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Jalandhar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Jalandhar", "police_station_or_unit": "CIA Staff Jalandhar / Nakodar Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 524 of 1994 (O&M)", "citation": "(1997) 2 RCR(Criminal) 809", "judges": [ "Iqbal Singh" ], "judgment_date": "1996-12-19", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1996, "incident_date": "1992-08-28", "incident_year": 1992, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector, CIA Staff Jalandhar", "unit": "CIA Staff, Jalandhar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, CIA Staff Jalandhar, CIA Staff, Jalandhar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar", "unit": "Jalandhar Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar, Jalandhar Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar", "unit": "Jalandhar Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Senior Superintendent of Police, Jalandhar, Jalandhar Police" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Jalandhar man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Jalandhar man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Jalandhar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 3, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 900000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/147047/joga-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Punjab Police constables and a Jalandhar man were arrested on 4 September 1992 by SI of CIA Staff Jalandhar, while constable was picked up from Civil Hospital Sangrur on 28 August 1992; police claimed the first two escaped during a terrorist encounter and the third died in a genuine encounter with Nakodar police. The District and Sessions Judge, Jalandhar, found no encounter took place, the escape story was falsely devised, the two constables' lives were in all probability snuffed out by police, and a Jalandhar man's encounter version was concocted. The High Court accepted the well-reasoned report, rejected the SSP's attack on it, and directed the CBI to register a case and complete investigation within nine months. Applying strict liability under Nilabati Behera, the Court awarded Rs. 3,00,000 each to the three petitioners (fathers/mother of the deceased constables). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Punjab Police constables R. S. and M. S. were arrested on 4 September 1992 by SI of CIA Staff Jalandhar, while constable B. S. was picked up from Civil Hospital Sangrur on 28 August 1992; police claimed the first two escaped during a terrorist encounter and the third died in a genuine encounter with Nakodar police. The District and Sessions Judge, Jalandhar, found no encounter took place, the escape story was falsely devised, the two constables' lives were in all probability snuffed out by police, and B. S.'s encounter version was concocted. The High Court accepted the well-reasoned report, rejected the SSP's attack on it, and directed the CBI to register a case and complete investigation within nine months. Applying strict liability under Nilabati Behera, the Court awarded Rs. 3,00,000 each to the three petitioners (fathers/mother of the deceased constables).", "court_quote": "The learned District and Sessions Judge, Jalandhar, in his report dated 24.5.1995 held that neither any encounter had taken place nor a Jalandhar man and a Jalandhar man had escaped from police custody. The story by the police has been devised falsely.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC accepted DJ report that two constables' lives were snuffed out by police and third died in concocted encounter, awarding Rs 3 lakh to each of three families plus CBI probe.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1996-12-19", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 900,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1997) 2 RCR(Criminal) 809", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/147047/joga-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-016", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2013-0012", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0713", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Banur Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Banur Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Patiala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Banur", "police_station_or_unit": "Banur Police Station", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Banur Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Miscellaneous No. 22334-M of 1996", "citation": "(1997) 4 RCR (Criminal) 176", "judges": [ "R.L. Anand" ], "judgment_date": "1997-08-01", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1997, "incident_date": "1991-09-01", "incident_year": 1991, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "CrPC 482" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "Banur Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, Banur Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Banur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/147105/sadhu-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The High Court of Punjab and Haryana held the police of Police Station Banur responsible for the custodial death of a Banur man on 1 September 1991. The police claimed the detainee committed suicide by consuming cyanide during an escorted weapon recovery operation, but the Court determined that cyanide could not have been accessible to a person in continuous police custody without gross omission and negligence by police functionaries. While declining a CBI inquiry six years after the incident, the High Court held that constitutional protections extend even to suspects of shady character and directed payment of Rs 50,000 compensation to the deceased's mother. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The High Court of Punjab and Haryana held the police of Police Station Banur responsible for the custodial death of a Banur man on 1 September 1991. The police claimed the detainee committed suicide by consuming cyanide during an escorted weapon recovery operation, but the Court determined that cyanide could not have been accessible to a person in continuous police custody without gross omission and negligence by police functionaries. While declining a CBI inquiry six years after the incident, the High Court held that constitutional protections extend even to suspects of shady character and directed payment of Rs 50,000 compensation to the deceased's mother.", "court_quote": "As I have fixed the responsibility on the functionaries of the State, I order the respondents to pay a sum of Rs. 50,000/- by way of compensation to the mother of the deceased.", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Punjab & Haryana HC held Banur police responsible for custodial death of a Banur man by cyanide ingestion, awarding Rs 50,000 compensation to his mother.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1997-08-01", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 50,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1997) 4 RCR (Criminal) 176", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/147105/sadhu-singh-vs-state-of-punjab/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-16" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-013", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1999-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0318", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Qadian Man vs Senior Superintendent of Police, Batala and Another", "display_title_redacted": "Qadian Man vs Senior Superintendent of Police, Batala and Another", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Gurdaspur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Qadian", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Qadian", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Qadian Man vs Senior Superintendent of Police, Batala and Another", "case_number": "CWP No. 134 of 1996", "citation": "(1999) 07 P&H CK 0045", "judges": [ "R.L. Anand" ], "judgment_date": "1999-07-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1999, "incident_date": "1995-12-28", "incident_year": 1995, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory_display": "custodial torture", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": "Gurmeet Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Qadian", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.32, "jev_p_culpable": 0.6, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Gurmeet Singh", "display": "Gurmeet Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Station House Officer", "unit": "Police Station Qadian", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:allegation_held_not_proved_presented_culpable" ], "ledger_role": "acquitted_in_this_judgment", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Station House Officer, Police Station Qadian" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Qadian man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/130447/shiv-dev-singh-vs-senior-superintendent-of-police-batala/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court held a Qadian man, picked up without valid reason by Qadian police, was tortured with third-degree methods in ASI Gurmeet Singh's custody, fracturing both hip joints and permanently disabling him. The Court set aside the first Sessions enquiry, endorsed the supplementary report drawing an adverse inference against the ASI, and found the clean-chit medical board report of 30 December 1995 was procured by police pressure on doctors. It awarded Rs 1.5 lakh interim compensation against the State with recovery rights against defaulting officers. Torture by SHO was held not proved.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court held a Qadian man, picked up without valid reason by Qadian police, was tortured with third-degree methods in ASI Gurmeet Singh's custody, fracturing both hip joints and permanently disabling him. The Court set aside the first Sessions enquiry, endorsed the supplementary report drawing an adverse inference against the ASI, and found the clean-chit medical board report of 30 December 1995 was procured by police pressure on doctors. It awarded Rs 1.5 lakh interim compensation against the State with recovery rights against defaulting officers. Torture by SHO was held not proved.", "court_quote": "it can be reasonably established that a Qadian man was tortured and the damage was caused to him when he remained in custody of ASI Gurmeet Singh.", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC held torture in ASI's custody established and awarded Rs 1.5 lakh interim compensation; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1999-07-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(1999) 07 P&H CK 0045", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/130447/shiv-dev-singh-vs-senior-superintendent-of-police-batala/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-022", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1999-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0568", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Malerkotla Man v. State of Punjab & Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Malerkotla Man v. State of Punjab & Ors.", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Malerkotla", "district_at_time": "Sangrur", "city_town": "Malerkotla", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police (Sangrur/Patiala); PS Malerkotla (FIR No. 21 of 1993)", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Malerkotla Man v. State of Punjab & Ors.", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 220 of 1997", "citation": "2000(3) RCR (Crl) 403", "judges": [ "T.H.B. Chalapathi" ], "judgment_date": "1999-09-28", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1999, "incident_date": "1993-03-13", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.1, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Punjab Police (headed encounter party)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Punjab Police (headed encounter party)" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Malerkotla man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/152581/gurbachan-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent-1/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Replace limits sentence with the recorded police case: Inspector denied involvement and disputed the inquiry report (para 3); SSP Sangrur stated a Malerkotla man escaped custody, joined terrorists and was killed in the encounter with Inspector's party, FIR 21/1993 (para 4). Delete the Malerkotla-district sentence (compiler-added, unattributed). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Replace limits sentence with the recorded police case: Inspector denied involvement and disputed the inquiry report (para 3); SSP Sangrur stated a Malerkotla man escaped custody, joined terrorists and was killed in the encounter with Inspector's party, FIR 21/1993 (para 4). Delete the Malerkotla-district sentence (compiler-added, unattributed).", "court_quote": "On the facts and circumstances of the case, I have no manner of doubt that the son of the petitioner [name withheld] alias a Malerkotla man was eliminated by the Govt. officials.", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Law student on parole eliminated in fake encounter near Malerkotla; Rs 1.5L to family.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1999-09-28", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2000(3) RCR (Crl) 403", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/152581/gurbachan-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-respondent-1/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-43" ], "merged_case_id": "SWFAKEEN-034", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2001-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0302", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Nawanshahr Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Nawanshahr Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar", "district_at_time": "Nawanshahr", "city_town": "Nawanshahr", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Nawanshahr", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Nawanshahr Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": null, "citation": "2001(3) RCR(Crl.) 569", "judges": [ "M.L. Singhal" ], "judgment_date": "2001-05-10", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2001, "incident_date": "1993-01-11", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Nawanshahr", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.33, "jev_p_culpable": 0.77, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Police Station Nawanshahr" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Nawanshahr", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.09, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Nawanshahr" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "age": 35, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Nawanshahr man, age 35" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/151445/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.the-laws.com/encyclopedia/browse/case?caseId=611002996000&title=pritam-singh-vs-state-of-punjab" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A 35-year-old bank branch manager was handed over by his father [name withheld] to Inspector, SHO, on 29 December 1992 and was never released; police claimed he escaped from handcuffs during a terrorist ambush on 11 January 1993 while being taken for arms recovery. Two successive Sessions Judge enquiries rejected the ambush and escape story as not believable and found prima facie that the branch manager was eliminated in a stage-managed encounter, holding Inspector liable. The High Court directed the SHO to register a murder case, with investigation by an officer not below SP rank from outside Jalandhar range within four months. Holding the State vicariously liable for murder by its functionaries, the Court awarded Rs. 3,00,000 shared equally by widow [name withheld] and three children. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A 35-year-old bank branch manager was handed over by his father [name withheld] to Inspector, SHO, on 29 December 1992 and was never released; police claimed he escaped from handcuffs during a terrorist ambush on 11 January 1993 while being taken for arms recovery. Two successive Sessions Judge enquiries rejected the ambush and escape story as not believable and found prima facie that the branch manager was eliminated in a stage-managed encounter, holding Inspector liable. The High Court directed the SHO to register a murder case, with investigation by an officer not below SP rank from outside Jalandhar range within four months. Holding the State vicariously liable for murder by its functionaries, the Court awarded Rs. 3,00,000 shared equally by widow [name withheld] and three children.", "court_quote": "Encounter as alleged and escape of [name withheld] was just stage managed to eliminate [name withheld].", "court_quote_para": "9", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC held the branch manager eliminated in stage-managed encounter fixing liability on Inspector, ordering murder-case registration and Rs 3 lakh to family.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2001-05-10", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2001(3) RCR(Crl.) 569", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/151445/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/encyclopedia/browse/case?caseId=611002996000&title=pritam-singh-vs-state-of-punjab", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-015", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2001-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0535", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0620" ], "display_title": "Gurdaspur Man and Another v. State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Gurdaspur Man and Another v. State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Gurdaspur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Gurdaspur Man and Another v. State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "Criminal Miscellaneous No. 14150-M of 1994 (O&M)", "citation": "(2005) 1 RCR (Criminal) 581", "judges": [ "V. M. Jain" ], "judgment_date": "2001-09-11", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2001, "incident_date": "1993-07-17", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 364", "IPC 120B" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 45, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Gurdaspur man, age 45" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/153425/karnail-singh-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/80798392/", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/540493/" ], "summary": "Hedge actor/date: counsel submitted [name withheld] was abducted 17.7.1993 by ASI and others (para 5); sessions inquiry did not establish allegations (para 3); court compensated on 'allegedly kidnapped' basis after CBI challan (para 9). Add State contention that no compensation case made as nothing shows murder (para 5); drop false limits sentence. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Hedge actor/date: counsel submitted [name withheld] was abducted 17.7.1993 by ASI and others (para 5); sessions inquiry did not establish allegations (para 3); court compensated on 'allegedly kidnapped' basis after CBI challan (para 9). Add State contention that no compensation case made as nothing shows murder (para 5); drop false limits sentence.", "court_quote": "However, taking into consideration that [name withheld] was allegedly kidnapped by ASI [name withheld] and other police officials, and his whereabouts were not known since July, 1993, in my opinion, the ends of justice would be fully met in case Punjab Government through Chief Secretary is directed to pay a sum of Rs. 3 lacs as compensation to the legal heirs of said [name withheld], deceased.", "court_quote_para": "9", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Full judgment read; CBI found s.364/120B against ASI; Rs 3L apportioned to widow, father and sons.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2001-09-11", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2005) 1 RCR (Criminal) 581", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/153425/karnail-singh-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/80798392/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/540493/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-014", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2001-0018", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1059", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Shahura Man v. State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Shahura Man v. State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Shahura", "police_station_or_unit": "PS Lopoke; PS Gharinda", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Shahura Man v. State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition No. 1204 of 1997", "citation": "(2002) CriLJ 1082; (2001) 4 RCR (Criminal) 761", "judges": [ "M.L. Singhal" ], "judgment_date": "2001-09-26", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2001, "incident_date": "1988-02-13", "incident_year": 1988, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 307", "IPC 148", "IPC 149", "IPC 224", "Arms Act s.25", "TADA Act s.3", "TADA Act s.4", "Constitution Art. 21" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "SHO", "unit": "PS Lopoke, Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "SHO, PS Lopoke, Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "SHO", "unit": "PS Gharinda, Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "SHO, PS Gharinda, Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "PS Lopoke escort party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, PS Lopoke escort party" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "PS Lopoke escort party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, PS Lopoke escort party" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "PS Lopoke escort party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, PS Lopoke escort party" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "PS Lopoke escort party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, PS Lopoke escort party" } ], "officer_count": 6, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Shahura man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/176495/balbir-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-2/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?caseId=611002342000&title=balbir-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab", "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/637734/balbir-kaur-vs-state-punjab-ors" ], "summary": "Add the recorded police case: arrest in FIR 21/1988, disclosure statement, escape during arms-recovery escort, FIR 23/1988 s.224, proclaimed offender, exoneration in DC and SP inquiries (paras 2, 4, 7). Drop the false 'police version is not recorded' sentence.", "summary_verified": "Add the recorded police case: arrest in FIR 21/1988, disclosure statement, escape during arms-recovery escort, FIR 23/1988 s.224, proclaimed offender, exoneration in DC and SP inquiries (paras 2, 4, 7). Drop the false 'police version is not recorded' sentence.", "court_quote": "Preponderance of probability is in favour of the view that if he had escaped from police custody on 13.2.88, he would have returned to his family after the State terrorism had ceased.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Judgment text verified; custodial-death inference with Rs 1.5 lakh compensation against State.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2001-09-26", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2002) CriLJ 1082; (2001) 4 RCR (Criminal) 761", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/176495/balbir-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-2/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?caseId=611002342000&title=balbir-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/637734/balbir-kaur-vs-state-punjab-ors", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-92" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-110-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2002-0009", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0303", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1433" ], "display_title": "Batala Man and another vs State of Punjab and others", "display_title_redacted": "Batala Man and another vs State of Punjab and others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Gurdaspur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Batala", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Sadar Batala", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Batala Man and another vs State of Punjab and others", "case_number": "Civil Writ Petition No. 1294 of 1996", "citation": "(2002) 11 P&H CK 0058", "judges": [ "K.S. Garewal" ], "judgment_date": "2002-11-12", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2002, "incident_date": "1996-01-01", "incident_year": 1996, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 120B", "IPC 364", "IPC 342", "Article 21", "Article 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Police Station Sadar Batala", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.09, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Police Station Sadar Batala" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Sadar Batala", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Sadar Batala" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Police Station Sadar Batala", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Police Station Sadar Batala" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Batala man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Batala man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Batala man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 3, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 900000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/128171/varinder-kaur-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf", "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=612002172000&Title=VARINDER-KAUR-Vs.-STATE-OF-PUNJAB", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/137061167/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Reword enquiry finding to: Addl. Sessions Judge did not establish abduction by the named ASI/constable but found it appeared from the evidence they had been abducted by the police (para 1). No 'eliminated' finding was recorded by the enquiry. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Reword enquiry finding to: Addl. Sessions Judge did not establish abduction by the named ASI/constable but found it appeared from the evidence they had been abducted by the police (para 1). No 'eliminated' finding was recorded by the enquiry.", "court_quote": "Compensation for death in police custody is an independent remedy which the heirs of the deceased are entitled to irrespective of the outcome of the criminal trial.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC accepted ASJ report that three men were abducted by Batala police and eliminated, awarding Rs 3 lakh each to three families.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2002-11-12", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 900,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2002) 11 P&H CK 0058", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para", "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/128171/varinder-kaur-and-another-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=612002172000&Title=VARINDER-KAUR-Vs.-STATE-OF-PUNJAB", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/137061167/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-40", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-007", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2004-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0313", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Jalandhar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Jalandhar", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police, Jalandhar (escort/court duty)", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jalandhar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "Civil Writ Petition No. 550 of 2004", "citation": "(2004) 05 P&H CK 0097", "judges": [ "Binod Kumar Roy", "Surya Kant" ], "judgment_date": "2004-05-29", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2004, "incident_date": "2001-05-04", "incident_year": 2001, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 304A" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police, Jalandhar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.89, "jev_p_culpable": 0.14, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Punjab Police, Jalandhar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police, Jalandhar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.88, "jev_p_culpable": 0.11, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Punjab Police, Jalandhar" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 28, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jalandhar man, age 28" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 250000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/157826/priti-thapar-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Add the recorded State side: respondents admitted the death and FIR 5/2003 s.304-A against nine jail + two police officials (para 3); State counsel contended it was an emergency, no negligence, no liability (para 6). Drop the false 'police version is not recorded' sentence.", "summary_verified": "Add the recorded State side: respondents admitted the death and FIR 5/2003 s.304-A against nine jail + two police officials (para 3); State counsel contended it was an emergency, no negligence, no liability (para 6). Drop the false 'police version is not recorded' sentence.", "court_quote": "at least on account of gross negligence committed by the officials of the Jail and Police Departments of the State of Punjab, if not killed by one of them by administering poison, we are of the view that the ends of justice will be sufficiently met by awarding a compensation to the tune of Rs. 2.50 lacs.", "court_quote_para": "13", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC DB held death due to gross negligence of jail and police officials, awarded Rs 2.5 lakh; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2004-05-29", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 250,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2004) 05 P&H CK 0097", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote", "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/157826/priti-thapar-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-017", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2005-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0529", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1423", "CWC-1474" ], "display_title": "Maluka Man vs State of Punjab and others", "display_title_redacted": "Maluka Man vs State of Punjab and others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Bathinda", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Maluka", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Post Bhagta Bhalka", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Maluka Man vs State of Punjab and others", "case_number": "Crl. W.P. No. 769 of 1995", "citation": "ILR 2005(1) P&H 462", "judges": [ "Surya Kant" ], "judgment_date": "2005-02-09", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2005, "incident_date": "1992-04-03", "incident_year": 1992, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 364", "IPC 120-B" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Police Post Bhagta Bhaika, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.13, "jev_p_culpable": 0.74, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Post Bhagta Bhaika, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Police Post Bhagta Bhaika, Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.13, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Post Bhagta Bhaika, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "age": 40, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Maluka man, age 40" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49491607dba348f00d611", "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/169169/charanjit-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A Maluka man, aged about 40, was forcibly picked up from his house in village Maluka, Bathinda, on 3 April 1992 by ASI, Head Constable and a CRPF constable, and was never seen again. A District and Sessions Judge enquiry found the two Punjab Police officials abducted him and covered it up, leading the High Court to order a CBI investigation; the surviving officer was convicted under Section 364 IPC and sentenced to 10 years rigorous imprisonment by the Additional Sessions Judge, Patiala, in February 2003. The High Court held the forcible abduction and illegal detention conclusively proved and the State strictly liable for abusing the constitutional guarantee of life and liberty. It awarded Rs. 3,00,000 compensation (Rs. 1,50,000 to widow [name withheld] and Rs. 1,50,000 shared by six children), recoverable by the State from the guilty officials. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Maluka man, aged about 40, was forcibly picked up from his house in village Maluka, Bathinda, on 3 April 1992 by ASI, Head Constable and a CRPF constable, and was never seen again. A District and Sessions Judge enquiry found the two Punjab Police officials abducted him and covered it up, leading the High Court to order a CBI investigation; the surviving officer was convicted under Section 364 IPC and sentenced to 10 years rigorous imprisonment by the Additional Sessions Judge, Patiala, in February 2003. The High Court held the forcible abduction and illegal detention conclusively proved and the State strictly liable for abusing the constitutional guarantee of life and liberty. It awarded Rs. 3,00,000 compensation (Rs. 1,50,000 to widow [name withheld] and Rs. 1,50,000 shared by six children), recoverable by the State from the guilty officials.", "court_quote": "Thus, forcible abduction and illegal detention of the victim by the police officials stands conclusively proved.", "court_quote_para": "12", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC held forcible abduction and illegal detention conclusively proved after CBI-trial conviction u/s 364 IPC, awarding Rs 3 lakh to widow and six children.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2005-02-09", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "ILR 2005(1) P&H 462", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://highcourtchd.gov.in/landmark_judgments/HC/English/CRWP_769_1995.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b49491607dba348f00d611", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/169169/charanjit-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent-1/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-33" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-004", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2005-0004", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0317", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Payal Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Payal Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ludhiana", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Payal", "police_station_or_unit": "Punjab Police, Payal area", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Payal Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CWP No. 8705 of 2002 (O&M)", "citation": "(2005) 02 P&H CK 0020", "judges": [ "Ashutosh Mohunta" ], "judgment_date": "2005-02-11", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2005, "incident_date": "1993-03-31", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 364", "IPC 302", "IPC 120B", "IPC 201" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police, Payal area", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_union:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.09, "jev_p_culpable": 0.88, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Punjab Police, Payal area" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Special Police Officer", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_union:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.22, "jev_p_culpable": 0.84, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Special Police Officer, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.62, "jev_p_culpable": 0.59, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Payal man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/120607/parminder-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab-and-others/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Replace limits sentence with: respondents denied the allegations (denial simplicitor) and the DC pleaded the 20.10.1994 compensation instructions inapplicable and the matter sub judice (para 5). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Replace limits sentence with: respondents denied the allegations (denial simplicitor) and the DC pleaded the 20.10.1994 compensation instructions inapplicable and the matter sub judice (para 5).", "court_quote": "it prima facie appears that a Payal man was done to death on the instructions of S.H.[name withheld] (respondent No.7) by [name withheld] and his co-accused, who are also police officials.", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC held killing prima facie on SHO's instructions by police officials and awarded Rs 3 lakh; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2005-02-11", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2005) 02 P&H CK 0020", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/120607/parminder-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab-and-others/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-021", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2006-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0312", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Jandiala Guru Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Jandiala Guru Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Jandiala Guru", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Jandiala Guru", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jandiala Guru Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "Criminal Writ Petition 1774 of 1996", "citation": "(2006) 02 P&H CK 0174", "judges": [ "Nirmal Yadav" ], "judgment_date": "2006-02-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2006, "incident_date": "1992-05-08", "incident_year": 1992, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 363", "IPC 342", "IPC 330", "IPC 201", "IPC 218", "IPC 120B" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Police Station Jandiala Guru", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Police Station Jandiala Guru" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Jandiala Guru", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.88, "jev_p_culpable": 0.09, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Police Station Jandiala Guru" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Jandiala Guru", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.89, "jev_p_culpable": 0.09, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Jandiala Guru" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Punjab Home Guard", "unit": "Attached to Punjab Police party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no", "redteam:subjudice_nonpolice_no_finding" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Punjab Home Guard, Attached to Punjab Police party" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable Driver", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable Driver, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 9, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Jandiala Guru man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/175088/paramjit-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab-and-others/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Replace final sentence ' ' with the police account from para 3: per the SSP's reply, a Jandiala Guru man was arrested 8.5.1992 at a naka with an unlicensed.30 bore mouser (FIR No.64, Arms Act), made a disclosure statement, and escaped in village Rattan Garh fields while being taken for arms recovery after asking to answer nature's call; he was declared a proclaimed offender. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Replace final sentence 'The police version is not recorded in the cited text.' with the police account from para 3: per the SSP's reply, a Jandiala Guru man was arrested 8.5.1992 at a naka with an unlicensed .30 bore mouser (FIR No.64, Arms Act), made a disclosure statement, and escaped in village Rattan Garh fields while being taken for arms recovery after asking to answer nature's call; he was declared a proclaimed offender.", "court_quote": "custodial disappearance of petitioner's husband, is purely attributable to the remissness and failure of duty on the part of the police department.", "court_quote_para": "9", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC held custodial disappearance attributable to police and awarded Rs 1.5 lakh; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2006-02-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2006) 02 P&H CK 0174", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/175088/paramjit-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab-and-others/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-016", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2009-0012", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0714", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Batala Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Batala Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Gurdaspur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Batala", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Rangar Nangal, Batala", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Batala Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "Criminal Misc. No. 19560-M of 2002", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Kanwaljit Singh Ahluwalia" ], "judgment_date": "2009-03-02", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2009, "incident_date": "1992-06-14", "incident_year": 1992, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Arms Act s.25", "Arms Act s.54", "Arms Act s.59" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "SHO", "unit": "Police Station Rangar Nangal, Batala", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "SHO, Police Station Rangar Nangal, Batala" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Punjab Police (recovery party)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Punjab Police (recovery party)" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 20, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Batala man, age 20" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1568180/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. FIR No.146 is dated 13.06.1992 (PS Sadar Batala, ss 25/54/59 Arms Act) — i.e. arrest shown a day BEFORE the alleged 14.6.1992 pickup, not 'later shown arrested'. Reword to: '...while the police showed him arrested in FIR No.146 dated 13.6.1992 under the Arms Act (PS Sadar Batala).'. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "FIR No.146 is dated 13.06.1992 (PS Sadar Batala, ss 25/54/59 Arms Act) — i.e. arrest shown a day BEFORE the alleged 14.6.1992 pickup, not 'later shown arrested'. Reword to: '...while the police showed him arrested in FIR No.146 dated 13.6.1992 under the Arms Act (PS Sadar Batala).'", "court_quote": "A Batala man, son of the petitioner, aged 20 years was in custody of the police. The police was duty bound to ensure safety to his life.", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC disbelieved police recovery-encounter story; Rs.3 lakh compensation for death in custody ordered.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2009-03-02", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "Criminal Misc. No. 19560-M of 2002", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1568180/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP8-008", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2009-0015", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0736", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Barnala Man v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Barnala Man v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Barnala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Barnala", "police_station_or_unit": "Barnala / Raikot investigation, Punjab Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Barnala Man v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 332-DB of 1998 with Criminal Misc. No. 35100 of 2009", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Mehtab S. Gill", "Jitendra Chauhan" ], "judgment_date": "2009-09-23", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2009, "incident_date": "1996-06-20", "incident_year": 1996, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory_display": "false implication fabrication", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "CrPC s.340", "CrPC s.482", "Constitution Art. 21" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Sarabjit Rai", "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police (Investigating Officer)", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.31, "jev_p_culpable": 0.54, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Sarabjit Rai", "display": "Sarabjit Rai (Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": "Darshan Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.46, "jev_p_culpable": 0.57, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Darshan Singh", "display": "Darshan Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": "Darshan Singh", "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Barnala", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.46, "jev_p_culpable": 0.57, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Darshan Singh", "display": "Darshan Singh (Deputy Superintendent of Police)" }, { "name": "Madan Gopal", "rank": "Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Barnala", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.52, "jev_p_culpable": 0.52, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Madan Gopal", "display": "Madan Gopal (Superintendent of Police)" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Barnala man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Barnala man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Barnala man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Barnala man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Barnala man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 5, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 10000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1692258/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Replace final sentence with: The prosecution case (PW7 statement) and the State's reply narrating FIR No.171/2008 are set out in the judgment; counsel for SI Sarabjit Rai, DSP Darshan Singh and SP Madan Gopal expressly declined to address merits lest it prejudice their clients in proceedings the court might initiate. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Replace final sentence with: The prosecution case (PW7 statement) and the State's reply narrating FIR No.171/2008 are set out in the judgment; counsel for SI Sarabjit Rai, DSP Darshan Singh and SP Madan Gopal expressly declined to address merits lest it prejudice their clients in proceedings the court might initiate.", "court_quote": "Perjury has been committed by the complainant party and the Investigating Officers. They stated lies before the learned trial Court, to get a favourable verdict of conviction against the appellants, which they succeeded in doing so.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC held police fabricated murder case, acquitted 5, awarded Rs 20 lakh each + s.340 perjury; subcategory corrected.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2009-09-23", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 10,000,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "Criminal Appeal No. 332-DB of 1998 with Criminal Misc. No. 35100 of 2009", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1692258/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-54" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-096", "officers_named_public": 4, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2010-0016", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0715", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Mehal Kalan Police Sub-Inspector (SHO) vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Mehal Kalan Police Sub-Inspector (SHO) vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Barnala", "district_at_time": "Sangrur", "city_town": "Mehal Kalan", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Mehal Kalan", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Mehal Kalan Police Sub-Inspector (SHO) vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Crl. Appeal No.558-SB of 1999", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Jora Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2010-08-10", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2010, "incident_date": "1995-07-31", "incident_year": 1995, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 304 Part II" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector (SHO)", "unit": "Police Station Mehal Kalan", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector (SHO), Police Station Mehal Kalan" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Mehal Kalan man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/39001431/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Vegetable seller a Mehal Kalan man, wanted in a murder FIR, was arrested on 31 July 1995 by SHO and lodged in the Mehal Kalan lock-up at 6:30 p.m.; police claimed he suffered fits at 7 p.m. and died en route to hospital, but the post-mortem showed 15 injuries including testicle injuries and electric-shock marks, and the body was cremated the same night. The trial court convicted the SHO under Section 304 Part-II IPC (1 year RI, Rs.10,000 fine) and acquitted three co-accused. The High Court held a Mehal Kalan man died an unnatural death within about 30 minutes of detention due to torture, dismissed the appeal, and refused probation, observing release would instigate police torture of innocents. Date per judgment's internal header 10.8.2010 (Kanoon title says 10 Sept 2010). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Vegetable seller a Mehal Kalan man, wanted in a murder FIR, was arrested on 31 July 1995 by SHO and lodged in the Mehal Kalan lock-up at 6:30 p.m.; police claimed he suffered fits at 7 p.m. and died en route to hospital, but the post-mortem showed 15 injuries including testicle injuries and electric-shock marks, and the body was cremated the same night. The trial court convicted the SHO under Section 304 Part-II IPC (1 year RI, Rs.10,000 fine) and acquitted three co-accused. The High Court held a Mehal Kalan man died an unnatural death within about 30 minutes of detention due to torture, dismissed the appeal, and refused probation, observing release would instigate police torture of innocents. Date per judgment's internal header 10.8.2010 (Kanoon title says 10 Sept 2010).", "court_quote": "Police officials are the custodial of law. They are to maintain law and order and are not to violate the same.", "court_quote_para": null, "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SHO's s.304-II conviction for lock-up torture death upheld (1y RI); probation refused.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl. Appeal No.558-SB of 1999", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2010-08-10", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl. Appeal No.558-SB of 1999", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/39001431/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-50" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP8-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0316", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Dhilwan Man vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Dhilwan Man vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Kapurthala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Dhilwan", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Dhilwan", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Dhilwan Man vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "CWP No. 18326 of 2009", "citation": "(2011) 01 P&H CK 0216", "judges": [ "Ranjan Gogoi", "Adarsh Kumar Goel" ], "judgment_date": "2011-01-28", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "2009-09-05", "incident_year": 2009, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 304", "IPC 341", "IPC 342", "IPC 201", "IPC 120B", "IPC 306" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Dhilwan", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.09, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Police Station Dhilwan" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Dhilwan", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.88, "jev_p_culpable": 0.16, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Dhilwan" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Dhilwan", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.13, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Dhilwan" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Dhilwan", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.13, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Dhilwan" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Dhilwan man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 100000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/142505/court-on-its-own-motion-vs-state-of-punjab/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. Replace final sentence ' ' with: Per para 7, SI 's stand was that on MHC [name withheld]'s telephonic message he called a doctor, who gave an injection and advised hospital; the deceased was taken to hospital at 11.30 PM, put on oxygen, and died there; HC and ASI took a similar stand. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Replace final sentence 'The police version is not recorded in the cited text.' with: Per para 7, SI 's stand was that on MHC [name withheld]'s telephonic message he called a doctor, who gave an injection and advised hospital; the deceased was taken to hospital at 11.30 PM, put on oxygen, and died there; HC and ASI took a similar stand.", "court_quote": "It is patent from the findings of the Judicial Magistrate as well as IGP Crime that the deceased was kept in illegal custody on 4.9.2009 without conducting his medical examination and without recording his arrest.", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "medium", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC DB recorded illegal custody plus death in custody with Rs 1 lakh interim compensation and ordered CBI probe; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2011-01-28", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2011) 01 P&H CK 0216", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/142505/court-on-its-own-motion-vs-state-of-punjab/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-020", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0019", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0297", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Prithipal Singh Etc. vs State of Punjab & Anr. Etc.", "display_title_redacted": "Prithipal Singh Etc. vs State of Punjab & Anr. Etc.", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Jhabal, Tarn Taran", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Prithipal Singh Etc. vs State of Punjab & Anr. Etc.", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 523-528 of 2009", "citation": "(2012) 1 SCC 10; AIR 2012 SC (Criminal) 333; 2012 AIR SCW 594", "judges": [ "Dr. B.S. Chauhan", "P. Sathasivam" ], "judgment_date": "2011-11-04", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "1995-09-06", "incident_year": 1995, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "IPC 34", "IPC 364", "IPC 120B", "IPC 201" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Jaspal Singh", "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.87, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Jaspal Singh", "display": "Jaspal Singh (Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP))" }, { "name": "Satnam Singh", "rank": "Sub-Inspector (SHO)", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.91, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Satnam Singh", "display": "Satnam Singh (Sub-Inspector (SHO))" }, { "name": "Surinderpal Singh", "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.91, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Surinderpal Singh", "display": "Surinderpal Singh (Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": "Jasbir Singh", "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.9, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Jasbir Singh", "display": "Jasbir Singh (Sub-Inspector)" }, { "name": "Prithipal Singh", "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.07, "jev_p_culpable": 0.93, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Prithipal Singh", "display": "Prithipal Singh (Head Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 5, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Amritsar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/342168/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/38806.pdf" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. Human rights activist an Amritsar man, who investigated and exposed the mass illegal cremations of thousands of unidentified bodies by Punjab Police, was abducted outside his Amritsar home on 6 September 1995. He was detained secretly at Police Station Jhabal in Tarn Taran, subjected to severe torture, and subsequently shot dead, with his body discarded in the Harike canal. The trial court and Punjab and Haryana High Court convicted five police personnel, enhancing four abductors sentences to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court dismissed all appeals, upholding the life imprisonment sentences for DSP Jaspal Singh and four other police officers, and observed that tolerance of police atrocities would subvert the rule of law.", "summary_verified": "Human rights activist an Amritsar man, who investigated and exposed the mass illegal cremations of thousands of unidentified bodies by Punjab Police, was abducted outside his Amritsar home on 6 September 1995. He was detained secretly at Police Station Jhabal in Tarn Taran, subjected to severe torture, and subsequently shot dead, with his body discarded in the Harike canal. The trial court and Punjab and Haryana High Court convicted five police personnel, enhancing four abductors sentences to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court dismissed all appeals, upholding the life imprisonment sentences for DSP Jaspal Singh and four other police officers, and observed that tolerance of police atrocities would subvert the rule of law.", "court_quote": "Tolerance of police atrocities, as in the instant case, would amount to acceptance of systematic subversion and erosion of the rule of law.", "court_quote_para": "48", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court upheld convictions and life imprisonment sentences of five Punjab Police personnel for the abduction, illegal custody torture, and murder of activist an Amritsar man", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(2012) 1 SCC 10; AIR 2012 SC (Criminal) 333; 2012 AIR SCW 594", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2011-11-04", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(2012) 1 SCC 10; AIR 2012 SC (Criminal) 333; 2012 AIR SCW 594", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/342168/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/38806.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-002", "officers_named_public": 5, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0044", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1069", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Punjab Police Head Constable & Another vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Punjab Police Head Constable & Another vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Faridkot", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Punjab Police Head Constable & Another vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Revision No.2576 of 2011 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Ranjit Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2011-11-28", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "2002-09-22", "incident_year": 2002, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 420" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Punjab Police (PAP Jalandhar circle)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Punjab Police (PAP Jalandhar circle)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Faridkot man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 2, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/153315385/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.legalauthority.in/judgement/jasvir-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab-6851" ], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court rejected the criminal revision of Head Constable of the Punjab Police and his wife [name withheld], upholding their conviction under s.420 IPC for extracting Rs.70,000 from job-seeker a Faridkot man on the false promise of arranging a police constable post. Rs.50,000 was paid at the accused's police quarter in Jalandhar and Rs.20,000 later at Sadiq, but neither employment nor refund followed. The Court held the evidence was rightly appreciated by the courts below and that non-examination of the go-between was immaterial. The sentence of two years imprisonment with a Rs.2,000 fine each, imposed by the Judicial Magistrate Faridkot and affirmed on appeal, was left unmodified.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court rejected the criminal revision of Head Constable of the Punjab Police and his wife [name withheld], upholding their conviction under s.420 IPC for extracting Rs.70,000 from job-seeker a Faridkot man on the false promise of arranging a police constable post. Rs.50,000 was paid at the accused's police quarter in Jalandhar and Rs.20,000 later at Sadiq, but neither employment nor refund followed. The Court held the evidence was rightly appreciated by the courts below and that non-examination of the go-between was immaterial. The sentence of two years imprisonment with a Rs.2,000 fine each, imposed by the Judicial Magistrate Faridkot and affirmed on appeal, was left unmodified.", "court_quote": "There is positive evidence which has been rightly appreciated and conviction recorded.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC rejected revision against s.420 IPC conviction of Head Constable in constable-job scam; SC order corroborates rank and sentence.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Criminal Revision No.2576 of 2011 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2011-11-28", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Criminal Revision No.2576 of 2011 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/153315385/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.legalauthority.in/judgement/jasvir-kaur-vs-state-of-punjab-6851", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-93" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-112-004", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2012-0018", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0716", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Khanna Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Khanna Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ludhiana", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Khanna", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Sadar, Khanna", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Khanna Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CWP No.19054 of 2005 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "M.M. Kumar", "Alok Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2012-04-25", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2012, "incident_date": "2001-03-27", "incident_year": 2001, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (SHO)", "unit": "Police Station Sadar, Khanna", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (SHO), Police Station Sadar, Khanna" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Khanna man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/192085258/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A Khanna man was arrested on 25 March 2001 in an NDPS case (35 kg poppy husk) at PS Sadar Khanna and remanded to police custody till 28 March 2001 by an order mentioning no injury; on 27 March 2001 he was declared brought dead at Civil Hospital with a swollen eye injury, and the medical board could not fix a cause of death. The Human Rights Commission closed the case finding no negligence. The Division Bench held the deceased had not been dealt with fairly in police custody, presuming the injury was inflicted after remand, set aside the Commission's order following Ram Sagar Yadav, and directed Rs.50,000 compensation within one month. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Khanna man was arrested on 25 March 2001 in an NDPS case (35 kg poppy husk) at PS Sadar Khanna and remanded to police custody till 28 March 2001 by an order mentioning no injury; on 27 March 2001 he was declared brought dead at Civil Hospital with a swollen eye injury, and the medical board could not fix a cause of death. The Human Rights Commission closed the case finding no negligence. The Division Bench held the deceased had not been dealt with fairly in police custody, presuming the injury was inflicted after remand, set aside the Commission's order following Ram Sagar Yadav, and directed Rs.50,000 compensation within one month.", "court_quote": "not been dealt with fairly at the hands of police while in custody.", "court_quote_para": "6", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Unfair treatment in police custody inferred from remand silence; HRC closure set aside; Rs.50K awarded.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2012-04-25", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 50,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CWP No.19054 of 2005 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/192085258/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-50" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP8-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2013-0001", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0305", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ludhiana Man vs State of Punjab and others", "display_title_redacted": "Ludhiana Man vs State of Punjab and others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Ludhiana", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ludhiana", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Sudhar, Ludhiana", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ludhiana Man vs State of Punjab and others", "case_number": "CWP No. 5166 of 1994", "citation": null, "judges": [ "G.S. Sandhawalia" ], "judgment_date": "2013-01-15", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2013, "incident_date": "1989-07-19", "incident_year": 1989, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Ludhiana", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.94, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Ludhiana", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.94, "jev_p_culpable": 0.05, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Ludhiana", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.06, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Ludhiana" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Sudhar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.94, "jev_p_culpable": 0.05, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Police Station Sudhar" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Ludhiana man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/137061167/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/161316/harchet-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A Ludhiana man, a B.Sc. student of Punjab Agricultural University, was forcibly picked up from his Ludhiana home on 9 July 1989 by a police party headed by DSP; his father telegraphed the Chief Justice apprehending torture and false implication, which was treated as habeas corpus CrWP 2301 of 1989. The family then learned from a newspaper report that a Ludhiana man had been killed in an encounter on 19 July 1989. The High Court rejected the State's delay and disputed-facts objections, holding the admitted pickup followed by encounter death established the Article 21 infringement. Finding Rs. 5,00,000 reasonable compensation for the aggrieved mother, the Court allowed the writ and directed payment within two months. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Ludhiana man, a B.Sc. student of Punjab Agricultural University, was forcibly picked up from his Ludhiana home on 9 July 1989 by a police party headed by DSP; his father telegraphed the Chief Justice apprehending torture and false implication, which was treated as habeas corpus CrWP 2301 of 1989. The family then learned from a newspaper report that a Ludhiana man had been killed in an encounter on 19 July 1989. The High Court rejected the State's delay and disputed-facts objections, holding the admitted pickup followed by encounter death established the Article 21 infringement. Finding Rs. 5,00,000 reasonable compensation for the aggrieved mother, the Court allowed the writ and directed payment within two months.", "court_quote": "Accordingly, the present writ petition is allowed and the petitioner is awarded a sum of Rs. 5 lacs for the death of her son who had been picked up by the police officials and was shot dead in a police encounter.", "court_quote_para": "13", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC allowed writ for student picked up from home and shot dead in encounter, awarding Rs 5 lakh to mother.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2013-01-15", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CWP No. 5166 of 1994", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote", "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/137061167/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/161316/harchet-kaur-appellant-hash-state-of-punjab-and-others-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-r07" ], "merged_case_id": "SWENFORC-011", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2013-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0351", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1476" ], "display_title": "Charanjit and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anr.", "display_title_redacted": "Charanjit and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anr.", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar", "district_at_time": "Hoshiarpur", "city_town": "Balachaur", "police_station_or_unit": "Balachaur Police Station", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Charanjit and Ors. v. State of Punjab and Anr.", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 232 of 2007", "citation": "(2013) 11 SCC 163; AIR 2013 SC 2896", "judges": [ "A. K. Patnaik", "Gyan Sudha Misra" ], "judgment_date": "2013-07-04", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2013, "incident_date": "1989-02-09", "incident_year": 1989, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_rape_sexual_assault", "subcategory": "custodial_rape_sexual_assault", "subcategory_display": "custodial rape sexual assault", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 323", "IPC 504", "IPC 376(2)(a)", "IPC 376(2)(g)", "IPC 342", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Radha Krishan", "rank": "Station House Officer", "unit": "Balachaur Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.06, "jev_p_culpable": 0.96, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Radha Krishan", "display": "Radha Krishan (Station House Officer)" }, { "name": "Charanjit", "rank": null, "unit": "Balachaur Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.06, "jev_p_culpable": 0.96, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Charanjit", "display": "Charanjit" }, { "name": "Kashmiri Lal", "rank": null, "unit": "Balachaur Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.11, "jev_p_culpable": 0.92, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Kashmiri Lal", "display": "Kashmiri Lal" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Balachaur woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 10, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/169026887/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/669435/charanjit-and-others-vs-state-of-punjab-and-another/", "https://research.grhari.com/supreme-court-upholds-conviction-in-police-custody-rape-case-charanjit-ors-vs-state-of-punjab-2013/" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal of Balachaur SHO Radha Krishan and two policemen convicted of detaining a dai overnight on 9 February 1989 and gang-raping her after picking her up for interrogation about terrorists frequenting her house. The Court sustained the concurrent findings under Sections 323/34, 504/34, 376(2)(a) and 376(2)(g), plus Section 342 against the SHO, believing the victim consistent account corroborated by her husband and neighbour who saw her bleeding and torn-clothed on release. It rejected the police claim of same-evening release with a signed writing, noting the station Daily Diary and Register II were suppressed. No medical evidence existed as doctors refused examination under SHO pressure. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal of Balachaur SHO Radha Krishan and two policemen convicted of detaining a dai overnight on 9 February 1989 and gang-raping her after picking her up for interrogation about terrorists frequenting her house. The Court sustained the concurrent findings under Sections 323/34, 504/34, 376(2)(a) and 376(2)(g), plus Section 342 against the SHO, believing the victim consistent account corroborated by her husband and neighbour who saw her bleeding and torn-clothed on release. It rejected the police claim of same-evening release with a signed writing, noting the station Daily Diary and Register II were suppressed. No medical evidence existed as doctors refused examination under SHO pressure.", "court_quote": "Thus, the trial court and the High Court have recorded concurrent findings of facts holding the Appellants guilty of the offences under Sections 323/34, 504/34, 376(2)(a) and 376(2)(g) Indian Penal Code and the Appellant-Radha Krishan guilty of the offence u/s 342 Indian Penal Code also.", "court_quote_para": "16", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC judgment verified via mirror (primary 429); custodial gang-rape convictions of 3 Balachaur policemen upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(2013) 11 SCC 163; AIR 2013 SC 2896", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2013-07-04", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(2013) 11 SCC 163; AIR 2013 SC 2896", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/169026887/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/669435/charanjit-and-others-vs-state-of-punjab-and-another/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://research.grhari.com/supreme-court-upholds-conviction-in-police-custody-rape-case-charanjit-ors-vs-state-of-punjab-2013/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-37", "chunk-42" ], "merged_case_id": "SUPREM-038", "officers_named_public": 3, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2013-0013", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0342", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Baldev Singh vs State of Punjab with [name withheld] vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Baldev Singh vs State of Punjab with [name withheld] vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Bagga", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Kathunangal", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Baldev Singh vs State of Punjab with [name withheld] vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal Nos. 1303 and 1380 of 2005", "citation": "(2014) 12 SCC 473", "judges": [ "A. K. Patnaik", "Gyan Sudha Misra" ], "judgment_date": "2013-09-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2013, "incident_date": "1991-10-29", "incident_year": 1991, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory": "enforced_disappearance", "subcategory_display": "enforced disappearance", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 364", "IPC 452" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Baldev Singh", "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Punjab Police, Dera Baba Nanak Sub-Division", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.23, "jev_p_culpable": 0.92, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Baldev Singh", "display": "Baldev Singh (Deputy Superintendent of Police)" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Punjab Police", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:unclear", "key2_union:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "unclear", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.91, "jev_p_culpable": 0.52, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bagga man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 7, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 35, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/127827057/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609af40e4b0149711415f23", "https://orderlaw-bphmhzeseagsd2ce.z03.azurefd.net/cms-cnr-data/supreme_court_data/pdf_files/jonew/judis/40798.pdf" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court (Justices A. K. Patnaik and Gyan Sudha Misra) upheld the abduction convictions of a Punjab DSP and a constable for the 29 October 1991 Bagga abductions of seven men, affirming the trial court's 1998 verdict and the High Court's 2005 dismissal of their appeal. The Court held the abductions proved by the complainant's testimony with corroboration, explaining the FIR delay by threats, but set aside the murder conspiracy convictions for want of last-seen-in-custody evidence under s.106 Evidence Act. Treating each victim as a separate s.364 offence, it ordered five years' RI for each of the seven abductions to run consecutively (35 years) plus fines, with the s.452 term maintained. This criminal trial was the sequel to the Inder Singh habeas compensation order. The judgment names two different men called [name withheld]: the appellant-constable convicted in this case and a co-accused of the same name acquitted by the trial court; only the appellant-constable is the convicted officer in this record. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court (Justices A. K. Patnaik and Gyan Sudha Misra) upheld the abduction convictions of a Punjab DSP and a constable for the 29 October 1991 Bagga abductions of seven men, affirming the trial court's 1998 verdict and the High Court's 2005 dismissal of their appeal. The Court held the abductions proved by the complainant's testimony with corroboration, explaining the FIR delay by threats, but set aside the murder conspiracy convictions for want of last-seen-in-custody evidence under s.106 Evidence Act. Treating each victim as a separate s.364 offence, it ordered five years' RI for each of the seven abductions to run consecutively (35 years) plus fines, with the s.452 term maintained. This criminal trial was the sequel to the Inder Singh habeas compensation order.", "court_quote": "We, therefore, set aside the conviction of the two Appellants u/s 302 read with Section 120B, Indian Penal Code but maintain the conviction of the Appellants under Sections 364 and 452, Indian Penal Code.", "court_quote_para": "28", "confidence": "medium", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC maintained s.364/s.452 convictions (7 consecutive terms); murder convictions set aside.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(2014) 12 SCC 473", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2013-09-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(2014) 12 SCC 473", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/127827057/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5609af40e4b0149711415f23", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://orderlaw-bphmhzeseagsd2ce.z03.azurefd.net/cms-cnr-data/supreme_court_data/pdf_files/jonew/judis/40798.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-30", "chunk-33" ], "merged_case_id": "NORTH-001", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2014-0035", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0895", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Devigarh Man and Others vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Devigarh Man and Others vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Patiala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Devigarh", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Julka, Patiala", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Devigarh Man and Others vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CWP No. 5710 of 1998 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Ritu Bahri" ], "judgment_date": "2014-11-19", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2014, "incident_date": "1997-08-15", "incident_year": 1997, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "Constitution Art. 226", "Constitution Art. 227" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable (Punjab Home Guard)", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Police Station Julka, Patiala", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable (Punjab Home Guard), Police Station Julka, Patiala" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 39, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Devigarh man, age 39" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 2325800, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/182667369/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. On 15.08.1997 Punjab Home Guard Constable, posted at PS Julka, Patiala, came with his official rifle to Dhaliwal Nursing Home at Devigarh and shot Dr. A Devigarh man in the chest; the doctor was declared dead at Rajendra Hospital, Patiala, and [name withheld] then killed himself with the same rifle, leading to FIR No.87/1997 u/s 302 IPC and an accepted cancellation report. The court rejected the State plea of private-capacity personal enmity, holding that the official rifle entrusted for duty made the State-appointed volunteer's act compensable by the State. Applying Nilabati Behera strict liability under Art.226 and computing on Rajesh vs Rajbir Singh (salary Rs.8,800, multiplier 16 plus consortium/care/funeral heads), it allowed the petition and awarded Rs.23,25,800 to the widow, children and mother within four months. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 15.08.1997 Punjab Home Guard Constable, posted at PS Julka, Patiala, came with his official rifle to Dhaliwal Nursing Home at Devigarh and shot Dr. A Devigarh man in the chest; the doctor was declared dead at Rajendra Hospital, Patiala, and [name withheld] then killed himself with the same rifle, leading to FIR No.87/1997 u/s 302 IPC and an accepted cancellation report. The court rejected the State plea of private-capacity personal enmity, holding that the official rifle entrusted for duty made the State-appointed volunteer's act compensable by the State. Applying Nilabati Behera strict liability under Art.226 and computing on Rajesh vs Rajbir Singh (salary Rs.8,800, multiplier 16 plus consortium/care/funeral heads), it allowed the petition and awarded Rs.23,25,800 to the widow, children and mother within four months.", "court_quote": "The very fact that [name withheld] used his official rifle to kill Dr. A Devigarh man, the victim i.e. the present petitioner is liable to be compensated for the act committed by PHG Volunteer, appointed by the Government.", "court_quote_para": "16", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Judgment verified; Home Guard constable with entrusted official rifle killed civilian; Rs.23.25 lakh compensation ordered.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2014-11-19", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 2,325,800.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CWP No. 5710 of 1998 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote", "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/182667369/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-75" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-51-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2015-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0314", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Balbir Singh vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Balbir Singh vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Hoshiarpur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Mahilpur", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Mahilpur", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Balbir Singh vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "CRA No. S-285-SB of 2004", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Darshan Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2015-04-08", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2015, "incident_date": "2002-05-02", "incident_year": 2002, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Balbir Singh", "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Mahilpur", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.16, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Balbir Singh", "display": "Balbir Singh (Assistant Sub-Inspector)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mahilpur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/30863919/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld the bribery conviction of ASI Balbir Singh, who as investigating officer of FIR 23/2002 demanded Rs 5,000 from complainant [name withheld] for joining investigation after anticipatory bail, settling for Rs 3,000 at his official quarter on 2 May 2002. A Vigilance Bureau trap with phenolphthalein-treated notes and a shadow witness caught him accepting the money. The Court rejected defences of false implication and sanction invalidity and affirmed one year's rigorous imprisonment with a Rs 5,000 fine. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld the bribery conviction of ASI Balbir Singh, who as investigating officer of FIR 23/2002 demanded Rs 5,000 from complainant [name withheld] for joining investigation after anticipatory bail, settling for Rs 3,000 at his official quarter on 2 May 2002. A Vigilance Bureau trap with phenolphthalein-treated notes and a shadow witness caught him accepting the money. The Court rejected defences of false implication and sanction invalidity and affirmed one year's rigorous imprisonment with a Rs 5,000 fine.", "court_quote": "I do not find any legal infirmity or impropriety in the conviction and sentence of the appellant as recorded by the learned trial Court. The same is hereby maintained and affirmed.", "court_quote_para": "41", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC dismissed the appeal and affirmed the ASI's PC Act conviction and 1-year sentence; matches conviction_upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "CRA No. S-285-SB of 2004", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2015-04-08", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "CRA No. S-285-SB of 2004", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/30863919/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-018", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2017-0011", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0315", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": "State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CRWP 655-2011 with CRM-W-300-2011, CRM-M-14644-2011, CWP 8613-2011", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Kuldip Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2017-09-25", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2017, "incident_date": "2011-03-14", "incident_year": 2011, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "SP/DSP", "unit": "State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.84, "jev_p_culpable": 0.2, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "SP/DSP, State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.85, "jev_p_culpable": 0.13, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.85, "jev_p_culpable": 0.12, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.1, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, State Special Operation Cell (SSOC), Amritsar" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Amritsar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/197018445/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court awarded Rs 10 lakh to Bhupinder Kaur, widow of an Amritsar man @ an Amritsar man, picked up on 3 March 2011 by SSOC officers, held in illegal custody before remand, and found hanged in the Joint Interrogation Cell on 14 March 2011. Though medical and magisterial inquiries found suicide, the Court held police duty-bound for his safety, found dereliction already punished departmentally, and noted custody-period injuries pointing to torture. It directed payment within two months and dismissed the CBI-probe plea. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court awarded Rs 10 lakh to Bhupinder Kaur, widow of an Amritsar man @ an Amritsar man, picked up on 3 March 2011 by SSOC officers, held in illegal custody before remand, and found hanged in the Joint Interrogation Cell on 14 March 2011. Though medical and magisterial inquiries found suicide, the Court held police duty-bound for his safety, found dereliction already punished departmentally, and noted custody-period injuries pointing to torture. It directed payment within two months and dismissed the CBI-probe plea.", "court_quote": "There was dereliction of duty, which was even found in the departmental proceedings and the guilty officials/officers were awarded punishment.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC found dereliction in custodial death and awarded Rs 10 lakh; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2017-09-25", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,000,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CRWP 655-2011 with CRM-W-300-2011, CRM-M-14644-2011, CWP 8613-2011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/197018445/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-019", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2017-0036", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1073", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Hanumangarh Police Head Constable and others vs State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Hanumangarh Police Head Constable and others vs State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sangrur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Hanumangarh", "police_station_or_unit": "Sangrur police escort party", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Hanumangarh Police Head Constable and others vs State of Punjab", "case_number": "CRR No. 2295 of 2016 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Kuldip Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2017-11-21", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2017, "incident_date": "2011-07-07", "incident_year": 2011, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering", "subcategory": "dereliction_evidence_tampering", "subcategory_display": "dereliction evidence tampering", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 223" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Sangrur police (escort party)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Sangrur police (escort party)" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Sangrur police (escort party)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Sangrur police (escort party)" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Sangrur police (escort party)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Sangrur police (escort party)" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": null, "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/157950061/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "On 6 July 2011 custody of undertrial Harnam Singh was handed to three Sangrur Head Constables for production before the Special Court at Hanumangarh, Rajasthan, and he escaped from their custody on 7 July 2011. The Judicial Magistrate First Class, Sangrur convicted all three under Section 223 IPC (one year simple imprisonment plus Rs 1,000 fine), and the Additional Sessions Judge affirmed on 3 June 2016. The High Court found no illegality in the concurrent findings, upheld jurisdiction at Sangrur and held no sanction was needed, noting the circumstances within the accused special knowledge went unexplained. Maintaining the conviction, the court set aside the substantive sentence and released the three on probation for one year on Rs 25,000 bonds, with Section 12 protection so the conviction is no disqualification. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 6 July 2011 custody of undertrial Harnam Singh was handed to three Sangrur Head Constables for production before the Special Court at Hanumangarh, Rajasthan, and he escaped from their custody on 7 July 2011. The Judicial Magistrate First Class, Sangrur convicted all three under Section 223 IPC (one year simple imprisonment plus Rs 1,000 fine), and the Additional Sessions Judge affirmed on 3 June 2016. The High Court found no illegality in the concurrent findings, upheld jurisdiction at Sangrur and held no sanction was needed, noting the circumstances within the accused special knowledge went unexplained. Maintaining the conviction, the court set aside the substantive sentence and released the three on probation for one year on Rs 25,000 bonds, with Section 12 protection so the conviction is no disqualification.", "court_quote": "while maintaining the conviction of present revisionists under Section 223 IPC, the sentence passed upon them is hereby set aside and they are ordered to be released on probation under Section 5 (1) of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC maintained S.223 IPC conviction of three escort Head Constables; custodial sentence replaced with probation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "CRR No. 2295 of 2016 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2017-11-21", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "CRR No. 2295 of 2016 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/157950061/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-94" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-114-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2018-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0311", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Verka Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Verka Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Verka", "police_station_or_unit": "Amritsar City Police", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Verka Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CWP No. 2131 of 2016 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Rakesh Kumar Jain" ], "judgment_date": "2018-04-17", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2018, "incident_date": "2015-06-16", "incident_year": 2015, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 307", "Arms Act 1959 s.25", "Arms Act 1959 s.27", "IPC 304", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Amritsar City Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.88, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Amritsar City Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Amritsar City Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.89, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Amritsar City Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "Amritsar City Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.89, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Amritsar City Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Amritsar City Police", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.89, "jev_p_culpable": 0.08, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Amritsar City Police" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 38, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Verka man, age 38" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 2000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/3335249/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/1001520/pdf/" ], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court awarded Rs 20 lakh to Harjit Kaur, widow of a Verka man @ a Verka man (38), killed by an Amritsar police party on 16 June 2015 at Mudhal near Verka with 23 gunshot injuries fired into his car, holding even a dreaded criminal cannot be killed in cold blood in a fake encounter. The Court noted police registered FIR 242/2015 against the deceased to cover up the killing, followed by an SIT and magisterial enquiry, a second FIR against the policemen and departmental enquiries against four officials. It adjusted Rs 5 lakh already paid and directed the Rs 15 lakh balance within three months. Compensation follows Rohtash Kumar and Manjit Kaur precedents. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court awarded Rs 20 lakh to Harjit Kaur, widow of a Verka man @ a Verka man (38), killed by an Amritsar police party on 16 June 2015 at Mudhal near Verka with 23 gunshot injuries fired into his car, holding even a dreaded criminal cannot be killed in cold blood in a fake encounter. The Court noted police registered FIR 242/2015 against the deceased to cover up the killing, followed by an SIT and magisterial enquiry, a second FIR against the policemen and departmental enquiries against four officials. It adjusted Rs 5 lakh already paid and directed the Rs 15 lakh balance within three months. Compensation follows Rohtash Kumar and Manjit Kaur precedents.", "court_quote": "award the petitioner in the present case an amount of Rs.20 lakhs as compensation, out of which the amount of Rs.5 lakhs, already paid to the petitioner, shall be deducted/adjusted.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "P&H HC held fake-encounter killing and awarded Rs 20 lakh total; matches adverse_finding_compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2018-04-17", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 2,000,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CWP No. 2131 of 2016 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/3335249/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/1001520/pdf/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-29" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-015", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2018-0018", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0718", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Bhikhi Man v. State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Bhikhi Man v. State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Mansa", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Bhikhi", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Bhikhi, District Mansa", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Bhikhi Man v. State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CWP No. 1247 of 2016", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Rakesh Kumar Jain" ], "judgment_date": "2018-07-04", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2018, "incident_date": "2013-08-10", "incident_year": 2013, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "NDPS Act s.22", "NDPS Act s.61", "NDPS Act s.85" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector (SHO)", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.29, "jev_p_culpable": 0.52, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector (SHO), PS Bhikhi, Mansa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.56, "jev_p_culpable": 0.41, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, PS Bhikhi, Mansa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.38, "jev_p_culpable": 0.43, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, PS Bhikhi, Mansa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.58, "jev_p_culpable": 0.42, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, PS Bhikhi, Mansa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Unknown", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.71, "jev_p_culpable": 0.21, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Unknown, PS Bhikhi, Mansa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.56, "jev_p_culpable": 0.43, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, PS Bhikhi, Mansa" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "unit": "PS Bhikhi, Mansa", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.62, "jev_p_culpable": 0.42, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, PS Bhikhi, Mansa" } ], "officer_count": 7, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Bhikhi man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/198196771/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court (Justice Rakesh Kumar Jain) awarded Rs 5 lakh to chemist a Bhikhi man, who spent 5 months and 10 days in custody in a concocted NDPS case (FIR No. 60/2013, PS Bhikhi). The Court found the police propounded two parallel stories, shifting the recovery of intoxicant tablets from his shop to a road in village Matti to strengthen the case, a fabrication unearthed only because an SIT was constituted; the FIR was later cancelled. Holding this a sample of police highhandedness, the Court granted public-law compensation following Rini Johar, payable by Punjab within a month with liberty to recover from the erring officials, who had already been suspended and punished with forfeiture of two years' service. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court (Justice Rakesh Kumar Jain) awarded Rs 5 lakh to chemist a Bhikhi man, who spent 5 months and 10 days in custody in a concocted NDPS case (FIR No. 60/2013, PS Bhikhi). The Court found the police propounded two parallel stories, shifting the recovery of intoxicant tablets from his shop to a road in village Matti to strengthen the case, a fabrication unearthed only because an SIT was constituted; the FIR was later cancelled. Holding this a sample of police highhandedness, the Court granted public-law compensation following Rini Johar, payable by Punjab within a month with liberty to recover from the erring officials, who had already been suspended and punished with forfeiture of two years' service.", "court_quote": "It is a sample of highhandedness on the part of the police who had virtually implicated the petitioner in a case concocted by them and as a result thereof, the petitioner had to remain behind the bars for a period of 5 months and 10 days before he was ultimately released on bail.", "court_quote_para": "un-numbered operative para (p.10-11 of judgment); quote spans page break but is contiguous", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "PHHC judgment text verified on Indian Kanoon; Rs 5L award for concocted NDPS case and 5m10d custody matches.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2018-07-04", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CWP No. 1247 of 2016", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para", "sections" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/198196771/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-53" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-065", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2019-0012", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0717", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kot Bhai Woman and Another vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Kot Bhai Woman and Another vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sri Muktsar Sahib", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kot Bhai", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Kot Bhai", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kot Bhai Woman and Another vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CWP No. 4222 of 2015 (O&M)", "citation": "AIR 2019 (NOC) 730 (P&H)", "judges": [ "Arun Monga" ], "judgment_date": "2019-05-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2019, "incident_date": "2012-09-30", "incident_year": 2012, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 306", "IPC 304-A" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector (SHO)", "unit": "Police Station Kot Bhai", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector (SHO), Police Station Kot Bhai" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Police Station Kot Bhai", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Police Station Kot Bhai" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Kot Bhai", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Kot Bhai" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Kot Bhai", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Kot Bhai" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Kot Bhai woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1642800, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/191104770/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A Kot Bhai woman was arrested on 29 September 2012 in an abetment-of-suicide case and lodged in the lock-up at Police Station Kot Bhai. On 30 September 2012 she collapsed after using the bathroom and died at Civil Hospital, Gidderbaha; the State called it suicide, not custodial death. A Section 176 CrPC judicial inquiry and the SP's report found negligence by police personnel, and FIR No.82 under Section 304-A IPC was registered against four policemen. The High Court held it was conceded that she died in police custody due to officials' negligence and allowed the writ, directing the State to disburse Rs.16,42,800 (less Rs.3 lakh interim already paid) with 15% penal interest on delay, apportioned between her parents and two minor children. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Kot Bhai woman was arrested on 29 September 2012 in an abetment-of-suicide case and lodged in the lock-up at Police Station Kot Bhai. On 30 September 2012 she collapsed after using the bathroom and died at Civil Hospital, Gidderbaha; the State called it suicide, not custodial death. A Section 176 CrPC judicial inquiry and the SP's report found negligence by police personnel, and FIR No.82 under Section 304-A IPC was registered against four policemen. The High Court held it was conceded that she died in police custody due to officials' negligence and allowed the writ, directing the State to disburse Rs.16,42,800 (less Rs.3 lakh interim already paid) with 15% penal interest on delay, apportioned between her parents and two minor children.", "court_quote": "Net result is that a Kot Bhai woman committed suicide while in police custody owing to the negligence of State Police.", "court_quote_para": "4", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC held custodial death by police negligence; Rs.16,42,800 compensation ordered.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2019-05-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,642,800.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "AIR 2019 (NOC) 730 (P&H)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/191104770/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP8-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2019-0016", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0720", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Punjab Police Assistant Sub-Inspector vs State of Punjab (Punjab Police personnel vs State of Punjab; [name withheld] and Another vs State of Punjab)", "display_title_redacted": "Punjab Police Assistant Sub-Inspector vs State of Punjab (Punjab Police personnel vs State of Punjab; [name withheld] and Another vs State of Punjab)", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Fazilka", "district_at_time": "Ferozepur", "city_town": "Abohar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station City Abohar", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Punjab Police Assistant Sub-Inspector vs State of Punjab (Punjab Police personnel vs State of Punjab; [name withheld] and Another vs State of Punjab)", "case_number": "CRA-D-109-DB of 2014 with CRA-D-146-DB of 2014 and CRA-D-298-DB of 2014", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Rajiv Sharma", "Harinder Singh Sidhu" ], "judgment_date": "2019-09-12", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2019, "incident_date": "1991-10-25", "incident_year": 1991, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 148", "IPC 302/149", "IPC 304 Part II/149", "IPC 307/149", "Arms Act s.27" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police, Abohar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Punjab Police, Abohar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Punjab Police, Abohar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Punjab Police, Abohar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police, Abohar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Punjab Police, Abohar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Punjab Police, Abohar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Punjab Police, Abohar" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "age": 30, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man, age 30", "name": null }, { "age": 26, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man, age 26", "name": null }, { "age": 40, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man, age 40", "name": null }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man", "name": null }, { "age": 40, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man, age 40", "name": null }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man", "name": null }, { "age": 11, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar boy, age 11", "name": null }, { "age": 18, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Abohar man, age 18", "name": null } ], "victims_redacted": [ { "age": 30, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": 26, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": 40, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": 40, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": 11, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a 11-year-old boy" }, { "age": 18, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" } ], "anonymised": true, "victim_count": 8, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 10, "compensation_inr": 4108000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/90020753/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. On 25 October 1991 police fired on unarmed striking workers of Bhawani Cotton Mill, Abohar, killing six workers and two boys and injuring eighteen others; the police then registered FIR No.179 against the labourers claiming self-defence. On the workers' petition the High Court ordered a DIG-rank investigation in 1997, and the Additional Sessions Judge, Ferozepur convicted four policemen in December 2013. The Division Bench held there was no lawful order to fire on the peaceful assembly and that the counter-case was foisted to save the officials. It converted the Section 302/149 convictions to Section 304 Part-II/149 (quantum hearing fixed 26 September 2019), upheld the Sections 148 and 307/149 and Section 27 Arms Act convictions, abated the appeal of the deceased appellant, and directed the State to pay compensation to eight bereaved families and seventeen injured workmen with 9% interest from the incident date.", "summary_verified": "On 25 October 1991 police fired on unarmed striking workers of Bhawani Cotton Mill, Abohar, killing six workers and two boys and injuring eighteen others; the police then registered FIR No.179 against the labourers claiming self-defence. On the workers' petition the High Court ordered a DIG-rank investigation in 1997, and the Additional Sessions Judge, Ferozepur convicted four policemen in December 2013. The Division Bench held there was no lawful order to fire on the peaceful assembly and that the counter-case was foisted to save the officials. It converted the Section 302/149 convictions to Section 304 Part-II/149 (quantum hearing fixed 26 September 2019), upheld the Sections 148 and 307/149 and Section 27 Arms Act convictions, abated the appeal of the deceased appellant, and directed the State to pay compensation to eight bereaved families and seventeen injured workmen with 9% interest from the incident date.", "court_quote": "The appellants may not have the intention to cause death of the labourers, but they knew that firing at the unarmed mob would result in deaths.", "court_quote_para": "104", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "DB upheld 148/307-149 and Arms Act convictions, converted 302/149 to 304-II/149, ordered compensation with 9% interest.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "CRA-D-109-DB of 2014 with CRA-D-146-DB of 2014 and CRA-D-298-DB of 2014", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2019-09-12", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "CRA-D-109-DB of 2014 with CRA-D-146-DB of 2014 and CRA-D-298-DB of 2014", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/90020753/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP8-007", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2020-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0603", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Rupnagar Woman v. State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Rupnagar Woman v. State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Rupnagar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Rupnagar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station City Rupnagar (Ropar)", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Rupnagar Woman v. State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CRWP No. 777 of 2019 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Rajiv Sharma", "Harinder Singh Sidhu" ], "judgment_date": "2020-10-06", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2020, "incident_date": "2019-09-02", "incident_year": 2019, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Erring officials who kept detenues under detention", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Police Station City Rupnagar (Ropar)", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Erring officials who kept detenues under detention, Police Station City Rupnagar (Ropar)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "female", "name": null, "descriptor": "Rupnagar woman" }, { "age": null, "gender": "female", "name": null, "descriptor": "Rupnagar woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 200000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/191363216/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/amp/news-updates/mother-daughter-duo-detained-by-police-without-making-any-entry-in-official-records-ph-hc-awards-compensation-of-rs-2-lakh-164135", "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5f9624749fca1938d41680ab" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A Rupnagar woman is a Rupnagar woman's SISTER (both daughters of Sh. Parvinder Singh), not her daughter; the absconding accused [name withheld] is a Rupnagar woman's husband and petitioner [name withheld]'s father — a Rupnagar woman is his sister-in-law, not his daughter. Rewrite as: 'a Rupnagar woman and her sister [name withheld]... wife and sister-in-law of murder accused [name withheld], who was evading arrest.'. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Rupnagar woman is a Rupnagar woman's SISTER (both daughters of Sh. Parvinder Singh), not her daughter; the absconding accused [name withheld] is a Rupnagar woman's husband and petitioner [name withheld]'s father — a Rupnagar woman is his sister-in-law, not his daughter. Rewrite as: 'a Rupnagar woman and her sister [name withheld]... wife and sister-in-law of murder accused [name withheld], who was evading arrest.'", "court_quote": "exact text (para 6): 'As observed by the Ld. Single Judge even if it is accepted that some persons had tried to cause harm to the detenues, even then, both of them could not be kept in the police station for two days without even making entry in the roznamcha and also without informing the District/Illaqa Magistrate. Their continued detention cannot but be termed as illegal.' — record drops the 'As observed by the Ld. Single Judge' prefix and capitalises 'Even'; restore verbatim", "court_quote_para": "6", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Primary judgment verified: 2-day detention without roznamcha entry held illegal; Rs.2 lakh total.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2020-10-06", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 200,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CRWP No. 777 of 2019 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote", "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/191363216/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/amp/news-updates/mother-daughter-duo-detained-by-police-without-making-any-entry-in-official-records-ph-hc-awards-compensation-of-rs-2-lakh-164135", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5f9624749fca1938d41680ab", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-44" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-024", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2022-0032", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0897", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station B-Division Urban, Sultanwind Gate, Amritsar", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and Others", "case_number": "CRWP No. 788 of 2019", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Amol Rattan Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2022-07-22", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2022, "incident_date": "2019-09-08", "incident_year": 2019, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 342", "CrPC s.173" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector (Additional SHO)", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Police Station B-Division Urban, Amritsar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector (Additional SHO), Police Station B-Division Urban, Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector (SHO)", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Police Station B-Division Urban, Amritsar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector (SHO), Police Station B-Division Urban, Amritsar" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Amritsar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/89709967/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Varun Kumar alleged his brother [name withheld] was illegally detained at PS B-Division Urban, Amritsar; the warrant officer raid at 00:50 on 09.09.2019 found him in the lock-up, with the detenue claiming custody since 05.09.2019 against the police claim of arrest on 08.09.2019. The Commissioner of Police, Amritsar, on enquiry found illegal detention by SI (Addl. SHO); departmental action forfeited five years approved service with cumulative effect of both the SI and SHO Inspector (lack of supervision), and FIR No.240/2019 u/s 342 IPC was registered with a s.173 CrPC report filed. Relying on Union of India v. Luithukla, the court directed Rs.50,000 compensation to the detenue payable personally by respondent no.6 (SI), made no comment on his challenge to the enquiry, and disposed of the petition. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Varun Kumar alleged his brother [name withheld] was illegally detained at PS B-Division Urban, Amritsar; the warrant officer raid at 00:50 on 09.09.2019 found him in the lock-up, with the detenue claiming custody since 05.09.2019 against the police claim of arrest on 08.09.2019. The Commissioner of Police, Amritsar, on enquiry found illegal detention by SI (Addl. SHO); departmental action forfeited five years approved service with cumulative effect of both the SI and SHO Inspector (lack of supervision), and FIR No.240/2019 u/s 342 IPC was registered with a s.173 CrPC report filed. Relying on Union of India v. Luithukla, the court directed Rs.50,000 compensation to the detenue payable personally by respondent no.6 (SI), made no comment on his challenge to the enquiry, and disposed of the petition.", "court_quote": "it is considered appropriate that the detenue would be paid Rs.50,000/- by respondent no.6 in view of the enquiry conducted, and the affidavits to that effect filed by the Commissioner of Police, Amritsar.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Habeas corpus verified; illegal detention proved on CP enquiry; Rs.50,000 compensation by erring SI.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2022-07-22", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 50,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CRWP No. 788 of 2019", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/89709967/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-75" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-52-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2024-0014", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0298", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0524" ], "display_title": "State of Punjab vs Harbhajan Singh and Others", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab vs Harbhajan Singh and Others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sangrur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Sangrur", "police_station_or_unit": "Railway Police, Sangrur", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab vs Harbhajan Singh and Others", "case_number": "CRA-D-307-DBA-2004 with CRA-S-1071-SB-2003 and CRR-1952-2003", "citation": "2024:PHHC:109434-DB", "judges": [ "Sureshwar Thakur", "Sudeepti Sharma" ], "judgment_date": "2024-08-23", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2024, "incident_date": "1995-12-07", "incident_year": 1995, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_by_hc", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "IPC 34", "IPC 343", "IPC 325", "IPC 324", "IPC 323" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Gursewak Singh", "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)", "unit": "Railway Police, Sangrur", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.38, "jev_p_culpable": 0.87, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "pending_appeal", "name_public": "Gursewak Singh", "display": "Gursewak Singh (Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP))" }, { "name": "Harbhajan Singh", "rank": "Station House Officer (SHO)", "unit": "Railway Police, Sangrur", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.45, "jev_p_culpable": 0.84, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "pending_appeal", "name_public": "Harbhajan Singh", "display": "Harbhajan Singh (Station House Officer (SHO))" }, { "name": "Kirpal Singh", "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Railway Police, Sangrur", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.64, "jev_p_culpable": 0.73, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "pending_appeal", "name_public": "Kirpal Singh", "display": "Kirpal Singh (Head Constable)" }, { "name": "Jaswant Singh", "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Railway Police, Sangrur", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.64, "jev_p_culpable": 0.72, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "pending_appeal", "name_public": "Jaswant Singh", "display": "Jaswant Singh (Head Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Sangrur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "railway", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/24959113/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/punjab-haryana-high-court-convicts-dsp-in-1995-custodial-death-case-268832", "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/cra-d307-dba200423082024finalorder-2-559809.pdf" ], "summary": "A Sangrur man was abducted from his village home on 14 November 1995 by Railway Police, held for 9 days and brutally tortured with danda blows to the head, rib injuries and near-drowning, released in a crippled state, and died in PGI Chandigarh on 7 December 1995 of ante-mortem injuries sufficient to cause death. The trial court acquitted all of murder, convicting only for hurt and confinement, and cleared the DSP entirely. The Punjab and Haryana High Court credited co-detainee Baghel Singh's inculpatory account over his hostile resiling, which it held was induced by DSP pressure, along with the post-mortem evidence. Reversing the acquittal, it convicted all four, including the DSP, under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC, with life sentences for the present accused and a separate sentence hearing for the others. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Sangrur man was abducted from his village home on 14 November 1995 by Railway Police, held for 9 days and brutally tortured with danda blows to the head, rib injuries and near-drowning, released in a crippled state, and died in PGI Chandigarh on 7 December 1995 of ante-mortem injuries sufficient to cause death. The trial court acquitted all of murder, convicting only for hurt and confinement, and cleared the DSP entirely. The Punjab and Haryana High Court credited co-detainee Baghel Singh's inculpatory account over his hostile resiling, which it held was induced by DSP pressure, along with the post-mortem evidence. Reversing the acquittal, it convicted all four, including the DSP, under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC, with life sentences for the present accused and a separate sentence hearing for the others.", "court_quote": "Consequently after allowing the instant appeal/revision respectively filed by the State of Punjab and the complainant, this Court quashes the impugned verdict of acquittal, as made by the learned trial Judge concerned, wherethrough, he made a finding of acquittal in respect a charge drawn for an offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, and modifies the same to the extent that all the accused are held guilty for an offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, in addition to the offence(s) for which respondents No.1 to 3 stand already convicted.", "court_quote_para": "35", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Acquittal reversed; DSP and 3 railway police convicted of murder under s.302/34.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2024-08-23", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court entered convictions against police personnel in this judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "2024:PHHC:109434-DB", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "action_type": "Appeal pending", "status": "Pending", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "As of 19 December 2024, an appeal arising from this judgment was pending before the Supreme Court of India (officers: Gursewak Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Jaswant Singh, Kirpal Singh); the judgment's findings had not been set aside on that date.", "disposition": "Later proceeding · Appeal pending", "source": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/6764b0aa1c45974c767b06fa", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [ { "court": "Supreme Court of India", "date": "2024-12-19", "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/6764b0aa1c45974c767b06fa", "outcome": "pending_appeal" } ], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/24959113/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/punjab-haryana-high-court-convicts-dsp-in-1995-custodial-death-case-268832", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/cra-d307-dba200423082024finalorder-2-559809.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-31" ], "merged_case_id": "PUNJAB-002", "officers_named_public": 4, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2024-0022", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0618", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "XXXX v. State of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "XXXX v. State of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Kapurthala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Sultanpur Lodhi", "police_station_or_unit": "Sultanpur Lodhi Police Station", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "XXXX v. State of Punjab", "case_number": "CRM-M-40569-2024 (O&M)", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Kirti Singh" ], "judgment_date": "2024-12-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2024, "incident_date": "2024-06-26", "incident_year": 2024, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "NDPS Act s.22" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Sultanpur Lodhi Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.25, "jev_p_culpable": 0.79, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Sultanpur Lodhi Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Sultanpur Lodhi man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 200000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/crm-m40569202403122024finalorder-575526.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/punjab-haryana-high-court-grants-compensation-unjust-detention-for-carrying-paracetamol-277821" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. A Sultanpur Lodhi man @ a Sultanpur Lodhi man was booked in FIR 125 dated 26 June 2024 under Section 22 of the NDPS Act at Sultanpur Lodhi after 525 capsules were recovered from him, but the FSL report received by police on 31 August 2024 showed the tablets contained only acetaminophen (paracetamol). The High Court found police high-handedness in failing to act promptly on the FSL report and get the petitioner released, keeping him in unjust custody till High Court bail on 13 September 2024. The Court awarded Rs 2,00,000 compensation payable within one month, with 50% recoverable from the salary of the erring official Sub-Inspector, and directed masking of the petitioner's name in digital records. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Sultanpur Lodhi man @ a Sultanpur Lodhi man was booked in FIR 125 dated 26 June 2024 under Section 22 of the NDPS Act at Sultanpur Lodhi after 525 capsules were recovered from him, but the FSL report received by police on 31 August 2024 showed the tablets contained only acetaminophen (paracetamol). The High Court found police high-handedness in failing to act promptly on the FSL report and get the petitioner released, keeping him in unjust custody till High Court bail on 13 September 2024. The Court awarded Rs 2,00,000 compensation payable within one month, with 50% recoverable from the salary of the erring official Sub-Inspector, and directed masking of the petitioner's name in digital records.", "court_quote": "This Court is deeply troubled by the high-handedness of the police authorities which have flagrantly disregarded the fundamental rights of a citizen as envisaged in the Constitution of India. It is appalling to witness such blatant violation where those entrusted with duty to uphold the rule of law failed to perform their duties.", "court_quote_para": "11", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC order text verified from judgment PDF; Rs 2 lakh compensation with 50% recovery from erring SI.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2024-12-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 200,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "CRM-M-40569-2024 (O&M)", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/crm-m40569202403122024finalorder-575526.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/punjab-haryana-high-court-grants-compensation-unjust-detention-for-carrying-paracetamol-277821", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-45" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-044", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2025-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0299", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0606" ], "display_title": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and others", "display_title_redacted": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and others", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Cantonment, Amritsar", "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Amritsar Man vs State of Punjab and others", "case_number": "CRM-M-12183-2016", "citation": "2025:PHHC:068484", "judges": [ "Harpreet Singh Brar" ], "judgment_date": "2025-05-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2025, "incident_date": "2013-05-23", "incident_year": 2013, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Article 21", "IPC 304", "IPC 302", "CrPC 482" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Cantonment, Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.38, "jev_p_culpable": 0.73, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Cantonment, Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Police Station Cantonment, Amritsar", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.86, "jev_p_culpable": 0.32, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Police Station Cantonment, Amritsar" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 22, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Amritsar man, age 22" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/crm-m12183201620052025finalorder-601232.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/punjab-haryana-high-court-grants-rs-15-lakh-compensation-to-mother-of-man-killed-by-police-officials-allegedly-in-self-defence-293069" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court records the following account. On 23 May 2013, 22-year-old an Amritsar man alias an Amritsar man was sitting inside a barber shop in Amritsar when Head Constable and Head Constable approached and shot him at point-blank range in the chest, killing him instantly. Police claimed they fired in self-defense against a knife attack and registered an FIR against the deceased, while repeatedly submitting cancellation reports in the subsequent inquiry against the police officers. The Punjab and Haryana High Court rejected the self-defense theory, pointing out that trained police armed with service pistols could easily apprehend a knife-wielding suspect without shooting at point-blank range into his chest. Finding that the killing constituted an extra-judicial execution by law enforcement donning the role of judge, jury, and executioner, the High Court awarded Rs. 15,00,000 compensation to the deceased mother. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 23 May 2013, 22-year-old an Amritsar man alias an Amritsar man was sitting inside a barber shop in Amritsar when Head Constable and Head Constable approached and shot him at point-blank range in the chest, killing him instantly. Police claimed they fired in self-defense against a knife attack and registered an FIR against the deceased, while repeatedly submitting cancellation reports in the subsequent inquiry against the police officers. The Punjab and Haryana High Court rejected the self-defense theory, pointing out that trained police armed with service pistols could easily apprehend a knife-wielding suspect without shooting at point-blank range into his chest. Finding that the killing constituted an extra-judicial execution by law enforcement donning the role of judge, jury, and executioner, the High Court awarded Rs. 15,00,000 compensation to the deceased mother.", "court_quote": "Allowing the act of respondent No.5 to go unchecked would effectively mean validating a death sentence, passed not in line with the due process of law, but by the law enforcement agency donning the role of the judge, jury and executioner.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Punjab and Haryana HC held killing of youth at point-blank range in barber shop an extra-judicial killing, awarding Rs. 15 lakh compensation to mother.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2025-05-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2025:PHHC:068484", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/crm-m12183201620052025finalorder-601232.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/punjab-haryana-high-court-grants-rs-15-lakh-compensation-to-mother-of-man-killed-by-police-officials-allegedly-in-self-defence-293069", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-10", "chunk-41", "chunk-43" ], "merged_case_id": "SWFAKEEN-015", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2025-0038", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1316", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Mother's plea re FIR u/s 304 IPC against policemen, Amritsar (title not traced)", "display_title_redacted": "Mother's plea re FIR u/s 304 IPC against policemen, Amritsar (title not traced)", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Amritsar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Amritsar", "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "court_as_verified": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Mother's plea re FIR u/s 304 IPC against policemen, Amritsar (title not traced)", "case_number": null, "citation": null, "judges": [ "Harpreet Singh Brar" ], "judgment_date": "2025-05-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2025, "incident_date": "2013-05-23", "incident_year": 2013, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "IPC 304" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Punjab Police, Amritsar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Punjab Police, Amritsar" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Punjab Police, Amritsar", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Punjab Police, Amritsar" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 22, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Amritsar man, age 22" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://livelaw-bennett.refread.com/pdf_upload/crm-m12183201620052025finalorder-601232.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://lawyerenews.com/legal_detail/trigger-happy-policemen-must-know-the-gallows-await-them-punjab-haryana-high-court-grants-rs15-lakh-compensation-for-custodial-killing-of-22-year-old" ], "summary": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court (Justice Harpreet Singh Brar) held that the 23 May 2013 point-blank police shooting of 22-year-old an Amritsar man inside an Amritsar barber shop was an excess by the State law-enforcement agency and awarded Rs 15 lakh compensation to his mother. The Court noted the chest wound's black ring proved a point-blank shot fired without warning, arrest attempt or chance to surrender, and rejected self-defence since trained officers with pistols could have arrested a man armed only with a knife. It relied on Prakash Kadam on extra-judicial killings and noted the mother fought 12 years for an FIR and Crime Branch probe. The jurisdictional Magistrate was directed to assess the second cancellation report in the s.304 IPC case. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court (Justice Harpreet Singh Brar) held that the 23 May 2013 point-blank police shooting of 22-year-old an Amritsar man inside an Amritsar barber shop was an excess by the State law-enforcement agency and awarded Rs 15 lakh compensation to his mother. The Court noted the chest wound's black ring proved a point-blank shot fired without warning, arrest attempt or chance to surrender, and rejected self-defence since trained officers with pistols could have arrested a man armed only with a knife. It relied on Prakash Kadam on extra-judicial killings and noted the mother fought 12 years for an FIR and Crime Branch probe. The jurisdictional Magistrate was directed to assess the second cancellation report in the s.304 IPC case.", "court_quote": "Allowing the act of respondent No.5 to go unchecked would effectively mean validating a death sentence, passed not in line with the due process of law, but by the law enforcement agency donning the role of the judge, jury and executioner.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "medium", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC held point-blank police shooting an excess by law-enforcement agency; Rs 15L to mother.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2025-05-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Punjab and Haryana High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Punjab and Haryana High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment 2025-05-20", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "case_title", "primary_source_url" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://livelaw-bennett.refread.com/pdf_upload/crm-m12183201620052025finalorder-601232.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://lawyerenews.com/legal_detail/trigger-happy-policemen-must-know-the-gallows-await-them-punjab-haryana-high-court-grants-rs15-lakh-compensation-for-custodial-killing-of-22-year-old", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-33", "chunk-40" ], "merged_case_id": "SWDISPRO-020", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2025-0044", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0915", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Punjab Armed Police Constable", "display_title_redacted": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Punjab Armed Police Constable", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Patiala", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Bahadurgarh", "police_station_or_unit": "2nd Commando Battalion, Bahadurgarh", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Punjab & Ors. v. Punjab Armed Police Constable", "case_number": "Civil Appeal No. 312 of 2012", "citation": "2025 INSC 1056; 2025 LiveLaw (SC) 857", "judges": [ "J.K. Maheshwari", "Vijay Bishnoi" ], "judgment_date": "2025-08-29", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2025, "incident_date": "1994-04-04", "incident_year": 1994, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Constable", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Punjab Armed Police, 2nd Commando Battalion, Bahadurgarh", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Constable, Punjab Armed Police, 2nd Commando Battalion, Bahadurgarh" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.verdictum.in/pdf_upload/state-of-punjab-v-ex-c-satpal-singhwatermark-1740140.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://s3.courtbook.in/2025/08/STATE-OF-PUNJAB-AND-OTHERS.pdf", "https://www.livelaw.in/supreme-court/past-misconduct-can-add-weight-to-dismissal-even-if-not-mentioned-in-show-cause-notice-supreme-court-302505" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. Constable (No. 2-C/280) of the Punjab Armed Police, posted with the 2nd Commando Battalion at Bahadurgarh, overstayed one day casual leave from 2 April 1994 and rejoined only on 12 May 1994, having already faced three prior departmental actions for absence. The disciplinary authority dismissed him on 3 May 1996, but two civil courts decreed his challenge suit and the Punjab and Haryana High Court sustained that relief in second appeal. The Supreme Court held absence on various occasions in a short tenure of about seven years is gross indiscipline and the gravest act of misconduct under the first limb of Rule 16.2(1), with past record merely lending weight. It set aside the High Court judgment, dismissed the constable suit, and restored the dismissal with the absence period as non-duty. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Constable (No. 2-C/280) of the Punjab Armed Police, posted with the 2nd Commando Battalion at Bahadurgarh, overstayed one day casual leave from 2 April 1994 and rejoined only on 12 May 1994, having already faced three prior departmental actions for absence. The disciplinary authority dismissed him on 3 May 1996, but two civil courts decreed his challenge suit and the Punjab and Haryana High Court sustained that relief in second appeal. The Supreme Court held absence on various occasions in a short tenure of about seven years is gross indiscipline and the gravest act of misconduct under the first limb of Rule 16.2(1), with past record merely lending weight. It set aside the High Court judgment, dismissed the constable suit, and restored the dismissal with the absence period as non-duty.", "court_quote": "As such, it is concluded that the dismissal of the respondent was based on gravest act of misconduct, for which he was dealt with by the disciplinary authority following the procedure as prescribed and in due observance of principles of natural justice, hence, we do not find any fault in the same.", "court_quote_para": "33", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "SC restored dismissal of habitual-absentee constable; pure service-discipline matter, no civilian victim.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2025-08-29", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "2025 INSC 1056; 2025 LiveLaw (SC) 857", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.verdictum.in/pdf_upload/state-of-punjab-v-ex-c-satpal-singhwatermark-1740140.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://s3.courtbook.in/2025/08/STATE-OF-PUNJAB-AND-OTHERS.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/supreme-court/past-misconduct-can-add-weight-to-dismissal-even-if-not-mentioned-in-show-cause-notice-supreme-court-302505", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-77" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-60-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2026-0097", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1387", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Man vs State Of Punjab", "display_title_redacted": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Man vs State Of Punjab", "state": "Punjab", "district": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": "Police Station Mataur, SAS Nagar", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Man vs State Of Punjab", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 4234 of 2026 (SLP (Crl.) No. 11103 of 2026)", "citation": "2026 INSC 1022", "judges": [ "Ujjal Bhuyan", "Atul S. Chandurkar" ], "judgment_date": "2026-09-21", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2026, "incident_date": "2026-05-17", "incident_year": 2026, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding", "sections": [ "Article 22(1) of the Constitution of India", "Article 22(2) of the Constitution of India", "Section 47 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023" ], "officers": [ { "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (investigating officer)", "role": "named_in_finding", "unit": "Police Station Mataur, SAS Nagar, Punjab Police", "name": null, "publish_grade": "unnamed", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (investigating officer), Police Station Mataur, SAS Nagar, Punjab Police" }, { "rank": "Inspector, Station House Officer", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Police Station Mataur, SAS Nagar, Punjab Police", "name": null, "publish_grade": "unnamed", "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Station House Officer, Police Station Mataur, SAS Nagar, Punjab Police" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": true, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": null, "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/144049703/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/2026/09/21/3504120262026-09-21-701585.pdf", "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/police-officer-who-arrests-without-furnishing-written-grounds-must-face-departmental-enquiry-supreme-court-551024" ], "summary": "The Supreme Court recorded that Punjab Police arrested a man at about 07:54 am on 17.05.2026 in a case registered at Mataur Police Station and produced him before the duty Magistrate only around noon on 18.05.2026, and that no written grounds of arrest were given to him; the Magistrate declared the arrest illegal and ordered his release. The Supreme Court set aside the High Court's order of 29.05.2026 staying that release. It held that re-arrest after such a breach needs the Magistrate's permission on an application that first furnishes the grounds of arrest. The State told the Court that a preliminary enquiry found the investigating Assistant Sub-Inspector guilty of blatant neglect of duty and that he was suspended, while the Station House Officer was transferred. The Court directed departmental enquiry in such lapses and expressed no opinion on the merits of the accusation.", "summary_verified": "The Supreme Court recorded that Punjab Police arrested a man at about 07:54 am on 17.05.2026 in a case registered at Mataur Police Station and produced him before the duty Magistrate only around noon on 18.05.2026, and that no written grounds of arrest were given to him; the Magistrate declared the arrest illegal and ordered his release. The Supreme Court set aside the High Court's order of 29.05.2026 staying that release. It held that re-arrest after such a breach needs the Magistrate's permission on an application that first furnishes the grounds of arrest. The State told the Court that a preliminary enquiry found the investigating Assistant Sub-Inspector guilty of blatant neglect of duty and that he was suspended, while the Station House Officer was transferred. The Court directed departmental enquiry in such lapses and expressed no opinion on the merits of the accusation.", "court_quote": "If the enquiry culminates in adverse finding against the erring police officer(s), it would entail departmental action with entry in the service book of such officer(s).", "court_quote_para": "25", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Checked against the Supreme Court judgment dated 21.09.2026 (2026 INSC 1022). No compensation was awarded in this judgment.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Court finding", "position_explainer": "A court has made a finding on this allegation.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2026-09-21", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court upheld the Magistrate's finding that the arrest breached Article 22 and set aside the High Court's stay; the State reported the investigating officer suspended and the SHO transferred.", "disposition": "adverse finding", "source": "2026 INSC 1022", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-25", "scope": "Past-week sweep: record written from the order text; quote checked verbatim against the order." } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-25", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/144049703/", "link_checked": "2026-09-25" } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "claude-opus-5.5-week-0925" ], "merged_case_id": null, "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" } ] }