{ "state": "Kerala", "slug": "kerala", "count": 38, "url": "https://datalibertarian.in/babuwatch/state/kerala", "cases": [ { "record_id": "CW-1958-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1234", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kottayam Police Head Constable v. State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Kottayam Police Head Constable v. State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kottayam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kottayam", "police_station_or_unit": "Kottayam East Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kottayam Police Head Constable v. State of Kerala", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 102 of 1958", "citation": "AIR 1959 Ker 372", "judges": [ "Koshi C.J.", "Vaidialingam J." ], "judgment_date": "1958-12-17", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1958, "incident_date": "1957-01-29", "incident_year": 1957, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 323" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Kottayam East Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Kottayam East Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Kottayam East Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Kottayam East Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Kottayam man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/549809/ramakrishna-panicker-appellant-hash-state-of-kerala-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.the-laws.com/encyclopedia/browse/case?caseId=118591182000&title=ramakrishna-panicker-vs-state-of-kerala" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. On 29 January 1957, head constable took the drunk a Kottayam man into custody and had him lodged at Kottayam East Police Station, where both accused head constables beat him with fists, elbows and blows to the feet until he collapsed; a Kottayam man died when his diseased spleen ruptured. The Sessions Court convicted accused 1 under Sections 304(2) and 323 IPC and accused 2 under Section 323 IPC. The Kerala High Court believed six constable eyewitnesses that both officers joined in belabouring the detainee, but held death was caused only by the rupture of an unknown diseased spleen. The court altered accused 1's conviction to Section 323 IPC with the maximum 1 year's rigorous imprisonment and confirmed accused 2's 6-month sentence. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 29 January 1957, head constable took the drunk a Kottayam man into custody and had him lodged at Kottayam East Police Station, where both accused head constables beat him with fists, elbows and blows to the feet until he collapsed; a Kottayam man died when his diseased spleen ruptured. The Sessions Court convicted accused 1 under Sections 304(2) and 323 IPC and accused 2 under Section 323 IPC. The Kerala High Court believed six constable eyewitnesses that both officers joined in belabouring the detainee, but held death was caused only by the rupture of an unknown diseased spleen. The court altered accused 1's conviction to Section 323 IPC with the maximum 1 year's rigorous imprisonment and confirmed accused 2's 6-month sentence.", "court_quote": "The sentence has necessarily to be altered, but regard being had to the fact that accused 1 was misusing his position as a police officer to assault a helpless person whom he had taken into custody, we think it proper to sentence him to the maximum sentence prescribed for the-offence u/s 323, namely, rigorous imprisonment for 1 year.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC judgment verified on CourtKutchehry; custodial beating convictions of two head constables sustained (A1 altered 304(2) to 323).", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "AIR 1959 Ker 372", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1958-12-17", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "AIR 1959 Ker 372", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/549809/ramakrishna-panicker-appellant-hash-state-of-kerala-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/encyclopedia/browse/case?caseId=118591182000&title=ramakrishna-panicker-vs-state-of-kerala", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-115" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-64-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1964-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0809", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "The State of Kerala and Anr. vs Kerala Police Police Constable", "display_title_redacted": "The State of Kerala and Anr. vs Kerala Police Police Constable", "state": "Kerala", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "The State of Kerala and Anr. vs Kerala Police Police Constable", "case_number": "Writ Appeal against O.P. No. 2905 of 1961", "citation": "AIR 1964 Ker 254; 1964 KLT 310; 1964 KLJ 1005", "judges": [ "Madhavan Nair J." ], "judgment_date": "1964-03-09", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1964, "incident_date": null, "incident_year": null, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": null, "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/507922/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/720705/the-state-kerala-anr-vs-k-madhavan" ], "summary": "The Kerala High Court Division Bench allowed the State appeal against a Single Judge order that had quashed the dismissal of Police Constable. The Court held that the Circle Inspector who held the oral enquiry was competent under Rule 8 of the Kerala Police Departmental Enquiries, Punishment and Appeal Rules, 1958 read with the IG 1 August 1958 circular as a general authorisation. The Single Judge jurisdictional objection was found unsubstantial, the quashing order was discharged, and O.P. No. 2905 of 1961 was dismissed. The IG dismissal order, confirmed by Government after PSC consultation, therefore stands; the judgment does not state the underlying misconduct. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court Division Bench allowed the State appeal against a Single Judge order that had quashed the dismissal of Police Constable. The Court held that the Circle Inspector who held the oral enquiry was competent under Rule 8 of the Kerala Police Departmental Enquiries, Punishment and Appeal Rules, 1958 read with the IG 1 August 1958 circular as a general authorisation. The Single Judge jurisdictional objection was found unsubstantial, the quashing order was discharged, and O.P. No. 2905 of 1961 was dismissed. The IG dismissal order, confirmed by Government after PSC consultation, therefore stands; the judgment does not state the underlying misconduct.", "court_quote": "The only defect on which the learned Judge has held the disciplinary proceedings to be without jurisdiction being thus found to be unsubstantial, the order quashing the dismissal of the delinquent Police Constable has to be discharged.", "court_quote_para": "2", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Division Bench allowed State appeal; dismissal of Police Constable stands.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1964-03-09", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "AIR 1964 Ker 254; 1964 KLT 310; 1964 KLJ 1005", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/507922/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://sooperkanoon.com/case/720705/the-state-kerala-anr-vs-k-madhavan", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-29-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1991-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0811", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat Woman and Ors. vs Union of India and Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat Woman and Ors. vs Union of India and Ors.", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Idukki", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat", "police_station_or_unit": "Kattappana Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat Woman and Ors. vs Union of India and Ors.", "case_number": "O.P. Nos. 8717 and 9100 of 1986", "citation": "1993 ACJ 509", "judges": [ "K.G. Balakrishnan J." ], "judgment_date": "1991-11-18", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1991, "incident_date": "1986-10-22", "incident_year": 1986, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Circle Inspector", "unit": "Peerumade", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Circle Inspector, Peerumade" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable (P.C. 572)", "unit": "Kattappana Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable (P.C. 572), Kattappana Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Circle Inspector", "unit": "Thankamani raiding party", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Circle Inspector, Thankamani raiding party" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": null, "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": null, "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector" } ], "officer_count": 5, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat woman" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat woman" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thankamani, Kamakshy Panchayat man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 48, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 60000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/819001/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (K.G. Balakrishnan, J.) held that Article 226 empowers compensation as a palliative where police violate Article 21, following Rudul Sah, Bhim Singh, PUDR v. State of Bihar and Sebastian Hongray. Accepting Commission evidence, medical records and affidavits for four of the 48 Thankamani petitioners, the Court awarded Rs.25,000 to a woman subjected to inhuman behaviour, Rs.15,000 to widow [name withheld] whose husband died in police firing, and Rs.10,000 each to a physically handicapped man shot in the head and a man ill-treated in custody. It directed the State to deposit Rs.60,000 with the Joint Registrar within three months and handed investigation of the pending criminal cases, mostly against police officers, to senior officers under a DIG. The general claim of Rs.50,000 each for all petitioners was rejected with liberty to move the civil court. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (K.G. Balakrishnan, J.) held that Article 226 empowers compensation as a palliative where police violate Article 21, following Rudul Sah, Bhim Singh, PUDR v. State of Bihar and Sebastian Hongray. Accepting Commission evidence, medical records and affidavits for four of the 48 Thankamani petitioners, the Court awarded Rs.25,000 to a woman subjected to inhuman behaviour, Rs.15,000 to widow [name withheld] whose husband died in police firing, and Rs.10,000 each to a physically handicapped man shot in the head and a man ill-treated in custody. It directed the State to deposit Rs.60,000 with the Joint Registrar within three months and handed investigation of the pending criminal cases, mostly against police officers, to senior officers under a DIG. The general claim of Rs.50,000 each for all petitioners was rejected with liberty to move the civil court.", "court_quote": "This, I think, is a fit case where this Court shall order compensation as a palliative measure.", "court_quote_para": "14", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Art 226 compensation Rs.60,000 to four victims of Thankamani police excess; DIG-supervised probe ordered.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1991-11-18", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 60,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "1993 ACJ 509", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/819001/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-29-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1993-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0202", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Thiruvananthapuram Police Police Constable (A1) And Another vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Thiruvananthapuram Police Police Constable (A1) And Another vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Thiruvananthapuram", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Thiruvananthapuram", "police_station_or_unit": "Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Thiruvananthapuram Police Police Constable (A1) And Another vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 48 of 1986", "citation": "AIR 1994 SC 565", "judges": [ "K. Jayachandra Reddy", "G. N. Ray" ], "judgment_date": "1993-11-24", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1993, "incident_date": "1980-12-18", "incident_year": 1980, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 304 Part II" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable (A1)", "unit": "Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.89, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable (A1), Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable (A4)", "unit": "Central Crime Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2_union:unclear", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "unclear", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.08, "jev_p_culpable": 0.9, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable (A4), Central Crime Station, Thiruvananthapuram" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thiruvananthapuram man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 5, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/143296/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/676541/sadasivan-mohanachandran-and-another-vs-state-of-kerala/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. A Thiruvananthapuram man, picked up after a quarrel with an off-duty constable over plantains on 18 December 1980, was slapped, kicked and had his head dashed against the wall inside Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram, and died of the injuries. The trial court convicted only two of the 21 accused policemen under Section 304 Part II IPC with five years rigorous imprisonment each, and the Kerala High Court dismissed both the accused's and the State's appeals. The Supreme Court accepted the eyewitness account of PWs 5 and 6 corroborated by medical evidence, dismissed the appeal, and ordered the convicted constables, who were on bail, to surrender and serve the remaining sentence.", "summary_verified": "A Thiruvananthapuram man, picked up after a quarrel with an off-duty constable over plantains on 18 December 1980, was slapped, kicked and had his head dashed against the wall inside Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram, and died of the injuries. The trial court convicted only two of the 21 accused policemen under Section 304 Part II IPC with five years rigorous imprisonment each, and the Kerala High Court dismissed both the accused's and the State's appeals. The Supreme Court accepted the eyewitness account of PWs 5 and 6 corroborated by medical evidence, dismissed the appeal, and ordered the convicted constables, who were on bail, to surrender and serve the remaining sentence.", "court_quote": "The two courts below have concurrently held that the evidence of P.W.5 as corroborated by the evidence of P.W.6 establishes the guilt of the appellants beyond all reasonable doubt and we see no grounds to come to a different conclusion. Accordingly the appeal is dismissed.", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court dismissed appeal of two Kerala police constables, upholding 5-year RI conviction under s.304 Part II for beating a Thiruvananthapuram man to death inside Fort Police Station.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Supreme Court of India judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "AIR 1994 SC 565", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "1993-11-24", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "AIR 1994 SC 565", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/143296/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/676541/sadasivan-mohanachandran-and-another-vs-state-of-kerala/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1995-0008", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0693", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kochi Resident vs State of Kerala and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Kochi Resident vs State of Kerala and Others", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Ernakulam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kochi", "police_station_or_unit": "Fort Cochin Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kochi Resident vs State of Kerala and Others", "case_number": null, "citation": "AIR 1996 Ker 71", "judges": [ "K.K. Usha" ], "judgment_date": "1995-07-31", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1995, "incident_date": "1990-10-16", "incident_year": 1990, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [], "officer_count": 0, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": null, "name": null, "descriptor": "Kochi resident" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 35000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/468805/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. On 16 October 1990, during a hartal-day riot in Mattancherry/Fort Cochin, a mob of about 100 armed persons looted the petitioner's vegetarian hotel although the police had been warned the previous day and had assured deployment. The petitioner's employee reported to Fort Cochin Police Station during the looting and the petitioner telephoned the station, the Assistant Commissioner and the control room, but the police did not react. The State contended it was practically impossible to protect every shop during a widespread riot. The court found the loss could have been avoided with adequate and timely steps, held the State liable in public law for violation of the petitioner's fundamental right, and awarded Rs.35,000 with 12% interest, leaving the State free to recover it from the negligent officers. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 16 October 1990, during a hartal-day riot in Mattancherry/Fort Cochin, a mob of about 100 armed persons looted the petitioner's vegetarian hotel although the police had been warned the previous day and had assured deployment. The petitioner's employee reported to Fort Cochin Police Station during the looting and the petitioner telephoned the station, the Assistant Commissioner and the control room, but the police did not react. The State contended it was practically impossible to protect every shop during a widespread riot. The court found the loss could have been avoided with adequate and timely steps, held the State liable in public law for violation of the petitioner's fundamental right, and awarded Rs.35,000 with 12% interest, leaving the State free to recover it from the negligent officers.", "court_quote": "I find that the 1st respondent is liable to compensate the petitioner for violation of his fundamental right.", "court_quote_para": "19", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC judgment verified; Rs 35,000 state liability for police failure to prevent riot looting.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1995-07-31", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 35,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "AIR 1996 Ker 71", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/468805/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-52" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP11-004", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1997-0011", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0694", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Cherthala Man vs Union of India", "display_title_redacted": "Cherthala Man vs Union of India", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Alappuzha", "district_at_time": "Alleppey", "city_town": "Cherthala", "police_station_or_unit": "Sherthala Police Station / Circle Inspector's Office", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Cherthala Man vs Union of India", "case_number": null, "citation": null, "judges": [ "K. A. Abdul Gafoor" ], "judgment_date": "1997-01-27", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1997, "incident_date": "1988-10-06", "incident_year": 1988, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Sherthala Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Sherthala Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Sherthala Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Sherthala Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Sherthala Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Sherthala Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Circle Inspector", "unit": "Sherthala", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Circle Inspector, Sherthala" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 24, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Cherthala man, age 24" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1655493/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. A Cherthala man, 24, a mosaic-flooring worker who was not an accused in any case, went with his father to the Sherthala Circle Inspector's office on the morning of 5 October 1988 for questioning over stolen articles and was detained without production before any magistrate; he died of injuries on 6 October 1988, with police claiming suicide by a broken tube-light. The DGP's enquiry proved custody beyond 24 hours, from 9 a.m. on 5 October to after 1.30 p.m. on 6 October, and that he was arrayed as an accused only after the incident. The High Court held his fundamental rights were nakedly violated, termed it detention in illegal and unlawful custody for more than 24 hours, awarded Rs.3,00,000 compensation with Rs.2,500 costs, directed CBI investigation, and ordered the DSP to register a crime over the unlawful detention. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Cherthala man, 24, a mosaic-flooring worker who was not an accused in any case, went with his father to the Sherthala Circle Inspector's office on the morning of 5 October 1988 for questioning over stolen articles and was detained without production before any magistrate; he died of injuries on 6 October 1988, with police claiming suicide by a broken tube-light. The DGP's enquiry proved custody beyond 24 hours, from 9 a.m. on 5 October to after 1.30 p.m. on 6 October, and that he was arrayed as an accused only after the incident. The High Court held his fundamental rights were nakedly violated, termed it detention in illegal and unlawful custody for more than 24 hours, awarded Rs.3,00,000 compensation with Rs.2,500 costs, directed CBI investigation, and ordered the DSP to register a crime over the unlawful detention.", "court_quote": "detention of a citizen in illegal and unlawful custody for more than 24 hours, from 9 a.m. on 5.10.1988 to at least 1.30 p.m. on 6.10.1988, when he succumbed to injuries.", "court_quote_para": "11", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC held death in >24-hr illegal custody of non-accused; Rs.3 lakh compensation, CBI probe and crime registration ordered.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1997-01-27", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "Kerala High Court judgment 1997-01-27", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1655493/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-071", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-1997-0017", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0810", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kochi Police Head Constable vs Commissioner of Police and Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Kochi Police Head Constable vs Commissioner of Police and Ors.", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Ernakulam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kochi", "police_station_or_unit": "Cochin City Traffic Assistant Commissioner Office", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kochi Police Head Constable vs Commissioner of Police and Ors.", "case_number": "O.P. No. 8526 of 1997", "citation": "(1997) 2 KLJ 351", "judges": [ "K.S. Radhakrishnan J." ], "judgment_date": "1997-08-25", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 1997, "incident_date": null, "incident_year": null, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 419", "IPC 420", "IPC 34", "Constitution Art. 311(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Cochin City Traffic Assistant Commissioner Office, Kochi", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Cochin City Traffic Assistant Commissioner Office, Kochi" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": null, "descriptor": "Kochi resident" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/532072/chandrasekharan-nair-vs-commissioner-of-police-and-others/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (K.S. Radhakrishnan, J.) dismissed O.P. No. 8526 of 1997, upholding the Commissioner of Police, Cochin City order dated 04-04-1997 removing Head Constable from service following his conviction in C.C. No. 162 of 1993 (JFCM, Kochi) for cheating offences under IPC ss.419, 420 read with s.34. The Court applied S. Nagoor Meera to hold that action under clause (a) of the second proviso to Article 311(2) need not await the pending criminal appeal (Crl.A. No. 98 of 1997, Sessions Court, Ernakulam) and that suspension of sentence does not bar removal. It noted the criminal court categorical finding that the petitioner conduct brought a bad name to the police force and warranted deterrent punishment (consecutive RI terms of one and two years plus fines payable to PW-1 as compensation). The removal was made subject to the result of the pending appeal, and the petitioner was given one month to vacate police quarters.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (K.S. Radhakrishnan, J.) dismissed O.P. No. 8526 of 1997, upholding the Commissioner of Police, Cochin City order dated 04-04-1997 removing Head Constable from service following his conviction in C.C. No. 162 of 1993 (JFCM, Kochi) for cheating offences under IPC ss.419, 420 read with s.34. The Court applied S. Nagoor Meera to hold that action under clause (a) of the second proviso to Article 311(2) need not await the pending criminal appeal (Crl.A. No. 98 of 1997, Sessions Court, Ernakulam) and that suspension of sentence does not bar removal. It noted the criminal court categorical finding that the petitioner conduct brought a bad name to the police force and warranted deterrent punishment (consecutive RI terms of one and two years plus fines payable to PW-1 as compensation). The removal was made subject to the result of the pending appeal, and the petitioner was given one month to vacate police quarters.", "court_quote": "I do not find any illegality in Ext.P1 order removing the petitioner from service.", "court_quote_para": "8", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Single Bench dismissed O.P.; removal of convicted Head Constable upheld under Art 311(2) second proviso (a).", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "1997-08-25", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(1997) 2 KLJ 351", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/532072/chandrasekharan-nair-vs-commissioner-of-police-and-others/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-29-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2003-0012", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0211", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kerala Police Police Constable vs Superintendent of Police and Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Kerala Police Police Constable vs Superintendent of Police and Ors.", "state": "Kerala", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": "Kerala Police", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kerala Police Police Constable vs Superintendent of Police and Ors.", "case_number": "W.A. Nos. 1276 & 1306 of 2003", "citation": "(2003) 12 KL CK 0018", "judges": [ "Jawahar Lal Gupta", "M. Ramachandran" ], "judgment_date": "2003-12-02", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2003, "incident_date": "1988-08-14", "incident_year": 1988, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [ "Constitution of India Article 226", "Constitution of India Article 309", "Constitution of India Article 311", "Kerala Police Act 1960 s.6", "Kerala Police Departmental Inquiries, Punishment and Appeal Rules 1958 Rule 8", "Kerala Civil Services (Vigilance Tribunal) Rules 1960" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Kerala Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.22, "jev_p_culpable": 0.87, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Kerala Police" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Kerala Police", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Kerala Police" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Kerala man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/559449/premachandran-mv-vs-superintendent-of-police-and-others/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Two Kerala police constables on patrol duty detained a Kerala man, who was carrying a large sum of money, and released him after extorting and accepting a bribe of Rs. 20,000 each. Following a departmental enquiry by the Vigilance Tribunal, both constables were ordered to be removed from service. The Kerala High Court dismissed their writ petitions and subsequent writ appeals, rejecting procedural objections and ruling that corruption by law enforcers warranted dismissal.", "summary_verified": "Two Kerala police constables on patrol duty detained a Kerala man, who was carrying a large sum of money, and released him after extorting and accepting a bribe of Rs. 20,000 each. Following a departmental enquiry by the Vigilance Tribunal, both constables were ordered to be removed from service. The Kerala High Court dismissed their writ petitions and subsequent writ appeals, rejecting procedural objections and ruling that corruption by law enforcers warranted dismissal.", "court_quote": "The Appellants who were custodians of law had themselves committed acts of corruption. Their removal from service was the only way they deserved to be treated.", "court_quote_para": "23", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC Division Bench dismissed writ appeals of two police constables, upholding their removal from service for accepting bribes to release a detainee.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2003-12-02", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "(2003) 12 KL CK 0018", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/559449/premachandran-mv-vs-superintendent-of-police-and-others/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-07" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-011", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2005-0013", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0814", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ernakulam Woman vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Ernakulam Woman vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Ernakulam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ernakulam (Pulleppady)", "police_station_or_unit": "Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ernakulam Woman vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "O.P. No. 11681 of 1997", "citation": "(2005) 3 Ker LJ 404; AIR 2006 (NOC) 238 (Ker); 2006 Cri LJ 59", "judges": [ "A.K. Basheer J." ], "judgment_date": "2005-07-06", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2005, "incident_date": "1997-05-24", "incident_year": 1997, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable (woman)", "unit": "Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable (woman), Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Ernakulam woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1530485/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (A.K. Basheer, J.) allowed the writ petition, holding that Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam illegally detained young housewife an Ernakulam woman for about 80 hours from 24 to 27 May 1997 without registering any crime, producing her before a Magistrate, or effecting an arrest, and lodged her against her will in the Palluruthy Relief Settlement among sickly and old destitutes. The Court held the detention violated her dignity and personal liberty and inflicted mental torture more baneful than physical torture, calling the police action reprehensible and liable to exemplary punishment. It directed the State to pay Rs.50,000 with 8% interest from 24 May 1997 within two months, citing D.K. Basu, Rudul Sah, Nilabati Behera and Saheli on public-law compensation. The individual police personnel are not named in the judgment. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (A.K. Basheer, J.) allowed the writ petition, holding that Vanitha Police Station, Ernakulam illegally detained young housewife an Ernakulam woman for about 80 hours from 24 to 27 May 1997 without registering any crime, producing her before a Magistrate, or effecting an arrest, and lodged her against her will in the Palluruthy Relief Settlement among sickly and old destitutes. The Court held the detention violated her dignity and personal liberty and inflicted mental torture more baneful than physical torture, calling the police action reprehensible and liable to exemplary punishment. It directed the State to pay Rs.50,000 with 8% interest from 24 May 1997 within two months, citing D.K. Basu, Rudul Sah, Nilabati Behera and Saheli on public-law compensation. The individual police personnel are not named in the judgment.", "court_quote": "I have no hesitation to hold that the action of the Police personnel concerned is not only reprehensible but is also liable to be visited with exemplary punishment.", "court_quote_para": "12", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "O.P. allowed; 80-hour illegal detention and mental torture found; Rs.50,000 with 8% interest awarded.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2005-07-06", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 50,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2005) 3 Ker LJ 404; AIR 2006 (NOC) 238 (Ker); 2006 Cri LJ 59", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1530485/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-30-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2007-0027", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1235", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Pooyappally Man vs Pooyappally Man", "display_title_redacted": "Pooyappally Man vs Pooyappally Man", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kollam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Pooyappally", "police_station_or_unit": "Pooyappally Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Pooyappally Man vs Pooyappally Man", "case_number": "Crl.R.P. No. 20 of 1999", "citation": null, "judges": [ "J.B. Koshy" ], "judgment_date": "2007-07-30", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2007, "incident_date": "1993-06-01", "incident_year": 1993, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory_display": "custodial torture", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 323" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Pooyappally Police Station, Kollam", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Pooyappally Police Station, Kollam" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Pooyappally man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1286096/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. On 1 June 1993, auto-rickshaw driver [name withheld] was taken to Pooyappally police station after failing to stop instantly at a constable's signal, and inside the station constable slapped him on the left ear, causing bleeding and hearing loss that needed inpatient ENT treatment till 11 June 1993. The driver filed a private complaint, and the trial and appellate courts convicted the constable under Section 323 IPC with release on probation. The Kerala High Court held the complainant's version was supported by an independent occurrence witness and medical evidence, and dismissed the revision. The court confirmed the conviction, the probation release and Rs.1,000 compensation, remarking the appellate court had taken a very lenient view. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 1 June 1993, auto-rickshaw driver [name withheld] was taken to Pooyappally police station after failing to stop instantly at a constable's signal, and inside the station constable slapped him on the left ear, causing bleeding and hearing loss that needed inpatient ENT treatment till 11 June 1993. The driver filed a private complaint, and the trial and appellate courts convicted the constable under Section 323 IPC with release on probation. The Kerala High Court held the complainant's version was supported by an independent occurrence witness and medical evidence, and dismissed the revision. The court confirmed the conviction, the probation release and Rs.1,000 compensation, remarking the appellate court had taken a very lenient view.", "court_quote": "Both courts concurrently found that the version of PW1, supported by PW2, eye witness, and corroborated by medical evidence was correct. I see no ground to interfere in the same in the revisional jurisdiction and the conviction is confirmed.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC order verified on Indian Kanoon; Section 323 conviction of on-duty constable for station-house assault confirmed.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.R.P. No. 20 of 1999", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2007-07-30", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.R.P. No. 20 of 1999", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1286096/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-115" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-66-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2007-0031", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1236", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Venjaramoodu Police Head Constable vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Venjaramoodu Police Head Constable vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Thiruvananthapuram", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Venjaramoodu", "police_station_or_unit": "Venjaramoodu Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Venjaramoodu Police Head Constable vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 446 of 2005", "citation": "2007(4) KHC 774", "judges": [ "V. Ramkumar" ], "judgment_date": "2007-11-05", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2007, "incident_date": "1999-03-08", "incident_year": 1999, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2) r/w s.13(1)(d)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Venjaramoodu Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Venjaramoodu Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": null, "name": null, "descriptor": "Venjaramoodu resident" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.the-laws.com/encyclopedia/browse/Case?caseId=117002384300&title=a-sasidharan-vs-state-of-kerala", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/121625441/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Head Constable of Venjaramoodu Police Station demanded Rs.500 from an accused in Crime No.17/99 for deleting his name from the accused array, and accepted Rs.300 in phenolphthalein-smeared notes in a VACB trap on 10 March 1999. The Special Judge, Thiruvananthapuram convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the PC Act. The Kerala High Court dismissed his appeal on 5 November 2007, holding the demand and knowing acceptance proved through the complainant's admissions and independent trap witnesses. The Supreme Court dismissed his further appeal on 13 August 2015, holding the High Court's confirmation of the 1-year concurrent sentences suffered no infirmity.", "summary_verified": "Head Constable of Venjaramoodu Police Station demanded Rs.500 from an accused in Crime No.17/99 for deleting his name from the accused array, and accepted Rs.300 in phenolphthalein-smeared notes in a VACB trap on 10 March 1999. The Special Judge, Thiruvananthapuram convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the PC Act. The Kerala High Court dismissed his appeal on 5 November 2007, holding the demand and knowing acceptance proved through the complainant's admissions and independent trap witnesses. The Supreme Court dismissed his further appeal on 13 August 2015, holding the High Court's confirmation of the 1-year concurrent sentences suffered no infirmity.", "court_quote": "Thus, the High Court concluded that there was sufficient material on record to show that the appellant was receiving illegal gratification pursuant to a demand made in that regard and that the learned Special Judge had not committed any error in convicting and sentencing the appellant.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "medium", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC judgment corroborated via SC order (Crl.A. 952/2008) and reporter citation; full HC text not directly fetched.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "2007(4) KHC 774", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2007-11-05", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "2007(4) KHC 774", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.the-laws.com/encyclopedia/browse/Case?caseId=117002384300&title=a-sasidharan-vs-state-of-kerala", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/121625441/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-115" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-66-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2008-0003", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0214", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "S. M. vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "S. M. vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Pathanamthitta", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Mallappally", "police_station_or_unit": "Keezhvaipur Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "S. M. vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "O.P. No. 26679 of 2002", "citation": null, "judges": [ "A.K. Basheer" ], "judgment_date": "2008-02-13", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2008, "incident_date": "1999-06-30", "incident_year": 1999, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution of India Article 21", "Constitution of India Article 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Keezhvaipur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.1, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Keezhvaipur Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Keezhvaipur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.9, "jev_p_culpable": 0.12, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Keezhvaipur Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Keezhvaipur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.89, "jev_p_culpable": 0.12, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Keezhvaipur Police Station" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Keezhvaipur Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.09, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Keezhvaipur Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "age": 26, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mallappally man, age 26", "name": null }, { "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Mallappally woman", "name": null }, { "age": 3, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Mallappally boy, age 3", "name": null } ], "victims_redacted": [ { "age": 26, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "a woman" }, { "age": 3, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "a 3-year-old boy" } ], "anonymised": true, "victim_count": 3, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/808112/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. a man was taken into illegal police custody on June 29, 1999, detained for over 24 hours at Keezhvaipur Police Station without registration of any case, and died of fatal internal abdominal injuries on June 30, 1999. The Kerala High Court held that the police's version was fabricated to conceal custodial torture, establishing a clear violation of Article 21 of the Constitution. Holding the State tortiously liable for the acts of its police officers, the High Court directed payment of Rs. 5,00,000 compensation with 9% interest to the victim's widow and minor son, and transferred the criminal investigation into the custodial death to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Mohanan was taken into illegal police custody on June 29, 1999, detained for over 24 hours at Keezhvaipur Police Station without registration of any case, and died of fatal internal abdominal injuries on June 30, 1999. The Kerala High Court held that the police's version was fabricated to conceal custodial torture, establishing a clear violation of Article 21 of the Constitution. Holding the State tortiously liable for the acts of its police officers, the High Court directed payment of Rs. 5,00,000 compensation with 9% interest to the victim's widow and minor son, and transferred the criminal investigation into the custodial death to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).", "court_quote": "UNVERIFIED — stated para-39 Article-21 quote absent from accessible judgment text (paras 32-40 missing from source). Replace with verified para-28 text: 'there had been a concerted effort on the part of the Police to fabricate or create documents apparently in a bid to camouflage or cover up the real incident.'", "court_quote_para": "39", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala High Court found custodial torture and death of Mohanan in illegal police custody, awarding Rs. 5 lakh compensation and transferring probe to CBI.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2008-02-13", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "O.P. No. 26679 of 2002", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/808112/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-07" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-014", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2008-0010", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0213", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Pandalam Police Assistant Sub-Inspector vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Pandalam Police Assistant Sub-Inspector vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Pathanamthitta", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Pandalam", "police_station_or_unit": "Pandalam Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Pandalam Police Assistant Sub-Inspector vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 721 of 2000", "citation": null, "judges": [ "A.K. Basheer" ], "judgment_date": "2008-06-30", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2008, "incident_date": "1998-07-08", "incident_year": 1998, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d)", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Pandalam Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "unclear", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.06, "jev_p_culpable": 0.94, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Pandalam Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Pandalam man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/821794/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Assistant Sub-Inspector of Pandalam Police Station was convicted for demanding and receiving illegal gratification to release an autorickshaw involved in an accident. The officer accepted Rs. 500 initially and was caught red-handed in a vigilance trap while receiving the remaining Rs. 500 at Prakash hotel. The Kerala High Court confirmed the conviction under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, holding that the prosecution satisfactorily established the trap. Considering the appellant's age and lapse of time, the High Court reduced the substantive sentence of imprisonment to one year on each count to run concurrently, while maintaining the fines. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Assistant Sub-Inspector of Pandalam Police Station was convicted for demanding and receiving illegal gratification to release an autorickshaw involved in an accident. The officer accepted Rs. 500 initially and was caught red-handed in a vigilance trap while receiving the remaining Rs. 500 at Prakash hotel. The Kerala High Court confirmed the conviction under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, holding that the prosecution satisfactorily established the trap. Considering the appellant's age and lapse of time, the High Court reduced the substantive sentence of imprisonment to one year on each count to run concurrently, while maintaining the fines.", "court_quote": "I do not find any reason to interfere with the finding of guilty entered by the learned Special Judge. Therefore the order of conviction is confirmed.", "court_quote_para": "6", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala High Court confirmed the PC Act conviction of Assistant Sub-Inspector for taking a bribe to release an autorickshaw, modifying sentence to one year.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.A. No. 721 of 2000", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2008-06-30", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.A. No. 721 of 2000", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/821794/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-07" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-013", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2009-0029", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0813", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Kerala vs National Human Rights Commissioner", "display_title_redacted": "State of Kerala vs National Human Rights Commissioner", "state": "Kerala", "district": null, "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Kerala vs National Human Rights Commissioner", "case_number": "O.P. No. 30749 of 2001", "citation": null, "judges": [ "S. Siri Jagan J." ], "judgment_date": "2009-10-05", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2009, "incident_date": null, "incident_year": null, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory_display": "custodial torture", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Protection of Human Rights Act 1993 s.18(3)" ], "officers": [], "officer_count": 0, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Kerala man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 300000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1492042/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Replace 'physical and mental torture of a boy, a minor boy, in unlawful police custody' with 'physical and mental torture of a minor boy in unlawful police custody'; drop 'to the victim' name forms elsewhere. No other summary change needed. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Replace 'physical and mental torture of a boy, a minor boy, in unlawful police custody' with 'physical and mental torture of a minor boy in unlawful police custody'; drop 'to the victim' name forms elsewhere. No other summary change needed.", "court_quote": "This is a case where a small boy has been brutally manhandled by the police officials on allegations of theft.", "court_quote_para": "3 (quote sits inside para 3 after the Section 18(3) extract)", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC dismissed State challenge; NHRC prosecution and Rs.3 lakh interim-relief directions sustained with own torture finding.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2009-10-05", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 300,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "O.P. No. 30749 of 2001", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para", "summary" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1492042/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-30-002", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2009-0034", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0812", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ettumanoor Police Deputy Superintendent of Police vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Ettumanoor Police Deputy Superintendent of Police vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kottayam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ettumanoor", "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ettumanoor Police Deputy Superintendent of Police vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. Nos. 86/2006, 193/2006 and 1796/2007", "citation": null, "judges": [ "K. Balakrishnan Nair J.", "P. Bhavadasan J." ], "judgment_date": "2009-12-10", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2009, "incident_date": "2005-02-15", "incident_year": 2005, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "IPC 201", "IPC 364", "IPC 120B" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Malappuram (posting at relevant time)", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Malappuram (posting at relevant time)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ettumanoor man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1756335/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://orderlaw-bphmhzeseagsd2ce.z03.azurefd.net/cms-cnr-data/supreme_court_data/pdf_files/jonew/judis/40012.pdf" ], "summary": "The Kerala High Court Division Bench (judgment by P. Bhavadasan, J.) dismissed the appeals of [name withheld], a serving Deputy Superintendent of Police, and a second accused against their life sentences imposed by the Sessions Court, Kottayam (S.C. No. 145/2005) for the gruesome murder of an Ettumanoor man, a former driver, on 15 February 2005, and dismissed the State appeal seeking the death sentence. The Court held the prosecution proved murder by the guardian of law with hired accomplices over a personal grudge, with the body dismembered after death. It held that although a police officer crime must normally be viewed very seriously, the case fell outside the rarest-of-rare category, so capital punishment was refused. The Supreme Court dismissed [name withheld] further appeal (Crl.A. No. 1774/2010) on 4 February 2013, leaving the life sentence final. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court Division Bench (judgment by P. Bhavadasan, J.) dismissed the appeals of [name withheld], a serving Deputy Superintendent of Police, and a second accused against their life sentences imposed by the Sessions Court, Kottayam (S.C. No. 145/2005) for the gruesome murder of an Ettumanoor man, a former driver, on 15 February 2005, and dismissed the State appeal seeking the death sentence. The Court held the prosecution proved murder by the guardian of law with hired accomplices over a personal grudge, with the body dismembered after death. It held that although a police officer crime must normally be viewed very seriously, the case fell outside the rarest-of-rare category, so capital punishment was refused. The Supreme Court dismissed [name withheld] further appeal (Crl.A. No. 1774/2010) on 4 February 2013, leaving the life sentence final.", "court_quote": "The case from which these appeals arise reveals a gruesome and horrendous murder by the guardian of law along with four others, three of whom are mercenaries.", "court_quote_para": "1", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "DB confirmed life sentences of DySP [name withheld] and co-accused for murder; State death-sentence appeal dismissed.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.A. Nos. 86/2006, 193/2006 and 1796/2007", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2009-12-10", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.A. Nos. 86/2006, 193/2006 and 1796/2007", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1756335/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://orderlaw-bphmhzeseagsd2ce.z03.azurefd.net/cms-cnr-data/supreme_court_data/pdf_files/jonew/judis/40012.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-30-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2010-0024", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1237", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Lakshadweep Police Sub Inspector of Police vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Lakshadweep Police Sub Inspector of Police vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Ernakulam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kochi", "police_station_or_unit": "Lakshadweep Police Special Branch Office, Cochin", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Lakshadweep Police Sub Inspector of Police vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 379 of 2003", "citation": "2010 (1) KLD 581", "judges": [ "V. Ramkumar" ], "judgment_date": "2010-03-11", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2010, "incident_date": "1999-03-15", "incident_year": 1999, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2) r/w s.13(1)(d)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub Inspector of Police", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Lakshadweep Police Special Branch Office, Cochin", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub Inspector of Police, Lakshadweep Police Special Branch Office, Cochin" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Kochi man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/557738/joseph-james-jose-appellant-hash-state-of-kerala-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/575fd26a607dba63d7e69016" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Sub Inspector of the Lakshadweep Police Special Branch at Cochin demanded Rs.250 from labour contractor [name withheld] for issuing the police clearance certificate needed for a Minicoy Island entry permit, and accepted it in a CBI trap in March 1999. The Special Judge (SPE/CBI-II), Ernakulam convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, sentencing him to 6 months and 1 year's rigorous imprisonment with fines. The Kerala High Court held the prosecution proved demand and acceptance through testimony, contemporaneous mahazars, the phenolphthalein test and the accused's conduct. The court dismissed the appeal confirming conviction and sentence, observing the trial judge had erred, if at all, on the side of leniency.", "summary_verified": "Sub Inspector of the Lakshadweep Police Special Branch at Cochin demanded Rs.250 from labour contractor [name withheld] for issuing the police clearance certificate needed for a Minicoy Island entry permit, and accepted it in a CBI trap in March 1999. The Special Judge (SPE/CBI-II), Ernakulam convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, sentencing him to 6 months and 1 year's rigorous imprisonment with fines. The Kerala High Court held the prosecution proved demand and acceptance through testimony, contemporaneous mahazars, the phenolphthalein test and the accused's conduct. The court dismissed the appeal confirming conviction and sentence, observing the trial judge had erred, if at all, on the side of leniency.", "court_quote": "After a careful re-appraisal of the oral and documentary evidence and after hearing both sides, I have no hesitation to conclude that the conviction against the appellant was rightly recorded by the trial judge. I, therefore, confirm the conviction recorded by the court below against the appellant for offences punishable under Sections 7 and 13(2) of the P.C. Act.", "court_quote_para": "17", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC judgment verified on CourtKutchehry (casemine 403); PC Act bribery conviction of SI confirmed.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "2010 (1) KLD 581", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2010-03-11", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "2010 (1) KLD 581", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/557738/joseph-james-jose-appellant-hash-state-of-kerala-respondent/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/575fd26a607dba63d7e69016", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-115" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-67-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2010-0018", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0695", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kozhikode Man vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Kozhikode Man vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kozhikode", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kozhikode", "police_station_or_unit": "Chevayur Police Station, Kozhikode", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kozhikode Man vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "A.S. No. 79 of 1997", "citation": "2010 (4) KLT 261", "judges": [ "Thottathil B. Radhakrishnan", "P. Bhavadasan" ], "judgment_date": "2010-08-31", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2010, "incident_date": "1985-01-09", "incident_year": 1985, "category": "Protest policing", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": true, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [], "officer_count": 0, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Kozhikode man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 80000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/209224/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. On 9 January 1985, the plaintiff, then a 10th-standard student, suffered serious head injuries inside his school campus at Vellimadukunnu, was hospitalised for nearly a month, and underwent emergency burr-hole surgery for extradural haemorrhage. He alleged police entered the campus and lathi-charged students, supported by a fellow student and hospital records, while the State claimed he fell while fleeing but led no evidence. The Division Bench reversed the trial court's dismissal, held on preponderance of probability that the injuries were attributable to police action, rejected the Police Act limitation bar since the assault was no part of official duty, and decreed Rs.80,000 with 6% interest with costs. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 9 January 1985, the plaintiff, then a 10th-standard student, suffered serious head injuries inside his school campus at Vellimadukunnu, was hospitalised for nearly a month, and underwent emergency burr-hole surgery for extradural haemorrhage. He alleged police entered the campus and lathi-charged students, supported by a fellow student and hospital records, while the State claimed he fell while fleeing but led no evidence. The Division Bench reversed the trial court's dismissal, held on preponderance of probability that the injuries were attributable to police action, rejected the Police Act limitation bar since the assault was no part of official duty, and decreed Rs.80,000 with 6% interest with costs.", "court_quote": "We, on the totality of the materials on record, hold that on a preponderance of probability, the plaintiff has established that the injuries sustained by him were attributable to the actions of police Officials.", "court_quote_para": "15 (quote closes para 15, which begins '15. The version of PW2...')", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "DB judgment verified; Rs 80,000 decreed for police lathi assault on schoolboy.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Protest policing", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2010-08-31", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 80,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2010 (4) KLT 261", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/209224/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-52" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP11-006", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2010-0019", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0696", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kerala Police personnel vs The State of Kerala (with Crl.R.P. No. 2924 of 2009)", "display_title_redacted": "Kerala Police personnel vs The State of Kerala (with Crl.R.P. No. 2924 of 2009)", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kannur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kannur", "police_station_or_unit": "Kannur Town Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kerala Police personnel vs The State of Kerala (with Crl.R.P. No. 2924 of 2009)", "case_number": "Crl.R.P. Nos. 2924 and 3906 of 2009", "citation": null, "judges": [ "V. K. Mohanan" ], "judgment_date": "2010-09-16", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2010, "incident_date": "1988-02-12", "incident_year": 1988, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 342", "IPC 427" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "Kerala Police, Kannur", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, Kerala Police, Kannur" }, { "name": null, "rank": null, "unit": "Kerala Police, Kannur", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police personnel, Kerala Police, Kannur" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Kannur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 0, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/498073/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. On 12 February 1988, following critical reports against the SP Kannur, police picked up a Kannur man, Editor, Printer and Publisher of the evening daily Sudhinam, from Fort Road, Kannur, and confined him in the Kannur Town lock-up from 8.30 p.m. till production at 4.30 a.m. despite bailable offences and offered sureties; the same night police broke open the Sudhinam office and Jyothi Printing Press, dismantled machinery and posted a picket. The CBI charge-sheeted 12 police personnel; the trial court convicted four and the appellate court retained only the Sections 342 and 427 convictions of accused Nos.2 and 3. In revision the High Court held the detention was wrongful confinement and the search unjustified, dismissed both revisions, and confirmed imprisonment till rising of court with Rs.25,000 compensation each under Section 357(3) CrPC, while confirming acquittals on conspiracy and assault charges. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "On 12 February 1988, following critical reports against the SP Kannur, police picked up a Kannur man, Editor, Printer and Publisher of the evening daily Sudhinam, from Fort Road, Kannur, and confined him in the Kannur Town lock-up from 8.30 p.m. till production at 4.30 a.m. despite bailable offences and offered sureties; the same night police broke open the Sudhinam office and Jyothi Printing Press, dismantled machinery and posted a picket. The CBI charge-sheeted 12 police personnel; the trial court convicted four and the appellate court retained only the Sections 342 and 427 convictions of accused Nos.2 and 3. In revision the High Court held the detention was wrongful confinement and the search unjustified, dismissed both revisions, and confirmed imprisonment till rising of court with Rs.25,000 compensation each under Section 357(3) CrPC, while confirming acquittals on conspiracy and assault charges.", "court_quote": "I find no reason to interfere with the conviction recorded by both the trial court as well as the appellate court against the revision petitioners under Section 342 of I.P.C.", "court_quote_para": "98 (quote sits at end of para 98; '99. The next challenge...' follows)", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC dismissed both revisions; s.342/427 IPC convictions of two police officers with Rs.25,000 each compensation confirmed.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.R.P. Nos. 2924 and 3906 of 2009", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2010-09-16", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.R.P. Nos. 2924 and 3906 of 2009", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/498073/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP11-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2011-0009", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0550", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "K. Lakshmana, I.P.S. v. C.B.I. and Anr.", "display_title_redacted": "K. Lakshmana, I.P.S. v. C.B.I. and Anr.", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Wayanad", "district_at_time": "Kannur", "city_town": "Thirunelli", "police_station_or_unit": "Mananthawady Police Station (Crime 28/70)", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "K. Lakshmana, I.P.S. v. C.B.I. and Anr.", "case_number": "Criminal Appeal No. 2216 of 2010 with Criminal R.P. No. 734 of 2011", "citation": "(2011) 06 KL CK 0012", "judges": [ "Thottathil B. Radhakrishnan", "S.S. Satheesachandran" ], "judgment_date": "2011-06-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2011, "incident_date": "1970-02-18", "incident_year": 1970, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory": "fake_encounter_extrajudicial_killing", "subcategory_display": "fake encounter extrajudicial killing", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 302", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": "K. Lakshmana", "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Kerala Police", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.19, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "K. Lakshmana", "display": "K. Lakshmana (Deputy Superintendent of Police)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thirunelli man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/532248/k-lakshmana-ips-appellant-hash-cbi-and-another-respondent/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "Naxalite leader a Thirunelli man was captured alive by a CRPF-police combing party at Thirunelli on 18 February 1970 and held in custody with hands tied, but instead of being produced, was shot dead by Constable at the command of DySP K. Lakshmana, who then lodged a false encounter complaint (Crime 28/70). The truth emerged only in 1998 when the shooter's confessional note surfaced, leading to a CBI case resting on CRPF Constable's testimony. The Special Judge (SPE/CBI) convicted Lakshmana under s.302/34 IPC with life plus Rs.10,000 fine and acquitted DIG (A3). The Kerala High Court held the encounter story false and invented, dismissed both the appeal and the victim's brother's revision for death enhancement, and affirmed the life sentence.", "summary_verified": "Naxalite leader a Thirunelli man was captured alive by a CRPF-police combing party at Thirunelli on 18 February 1970 and held in custody with hands tied, but instead of being produced, was shot dead by Constable at the command of DySP K. Lakshmana, who then lodged a false encounter complaint (Crime 28/70). The truth emerged only in 1998 when the shooter's confessional note surfaced, leading to a CBI case resting on CRPF Constable's testimony. The Special Judge (SPE/CBI) convicted Lakshmana under s.302/34 IPC with life plus Rs.10,000 fine and acquitted DIG (A3). The Kerala High Court held the encounter story false and invented, dismissed both the appeal and the victim's brother's revision for death enhancement, and affirmed the life sentence.", "court_quote": "The case of encounter death of a Thirunelli man is nothing but a false and invented story, to explain away his brutal annihilation while he was in custody.", "court_quote_para": "55", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC affirmed life term of DySP-turned-IPS officer for ordering 1970 custodial killing of a Thirunelli man", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(2011) 06 KL CK 0012", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2011-06-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(2011) 06 KL CK 0012", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/532248/k-lakshmana-ips-appellant-hash-cbi-and-another-respondent/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-41" ], "merged_case_id": "SWFAKEEN-011", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2012-0015", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0206", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Njarackal Man vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Njarackal Man vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Ernakulam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Njarackal", "police_station_or_unit": "Njarackal Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Njarackal Man vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "WP(C) No. 9963 of 2012", "citation": "2013 (1) KLT 103", "judges": [ "K. M. Joseph", "K. Harilal" ], "judgment_date": "2012-12-20", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2012, "incident_date": "2012-04-14", "incident_year": 2012, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art 21", "Constitution Art 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "District Crime Records Bureau, Aluva Rural", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.56, "jev_p_culpable": 0.48, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, District Crime Records Bureau, Aluva Rural" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "District Crime Records Bureau, Aluva Rural", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.62, "jev_p_culpable": 0.51, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, District Crime Records Bureau, Aluva Rural" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Home Guard", "unit": "Njarackal Police Station", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.5, "jev_p_culpable": 0.59, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Home Guard, Njarackal Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 25, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Njarackal man, age 25" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 50000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/46257919/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. A Njarackal man, a 25-year-old lawyer returning home by motorcycle after a second-show film on the night of 14 April 2012, was intercepted by the Njarackal police vehicle-check squad on the Vypin-Munambam highway and struck in the face, losing five teeth; the respondents admitted the injury and loss of teeth but disputed the manner of causing it. A Division Bench of the Kerala High Court held the admitted facts amounted to infringement of his right to life and personal liberty at the hands of respondents 5 to 7 by abuse of power. The court awarded Rs 50,000 exemplary compensation payable by the State within one month, with liberty to recover from the three officers after due enquiry, leaving criminal liability in Crime 644/2012 to the criminal court. The listed officer of Njarackal police station is a Home Guard, not a member of the police force; the court recorded his admitted lathi blow. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Njarackal man, a 25-year-old lawyer returning home by motorcycle after a second-show film on the night of 14 April 2012, was intercepted by the Njarackal police vehicle-check squad on the Vypin-Munambam highway and struck in the face, losing five teeth; the respondents admitted the injury and loss of teeth but disputed the manner of causing it. A Division Bench of the Kerala High Court held the admitted facts amounted to infringement of his right to life and personal liberty at the hands of respondents 5 to 7 by abuse of power. The court awarded Rs 50,000 exemplary compensation payable by the State within one month, with liberty to recover from the three officers after due enquiry, leaving criminal liability in Crime 644/2012 to the criminal court.", "court_quote": "Considering entire facts and circumstances of the case, we feel that an award of compensation of Rs.50,000/-, the relief which is prayed for, is just and proper to meet the ends of justice. We direct the first respondent to pay a compensation of Rs.50,000/-(Rupees fifty thousand only) to the petitioner within one month from the date of the judgment.", "court_quote_para": "40", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC Division Bench awarded Rs 50,000 compensation for lathi assault that cost a young lawyer five teeth during a night vehicle check, with recovery from the SI, constable and home guard.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2012-12-20", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 50,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2013 (1) KLT 103", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/46257919/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-006", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2014-0004", "status": "overturned", "merged_id": "CWC-0208", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Thiruvananthapuram Police Head Constable (No.4782), Station Writer vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Thiruvananthapuram Police Head Constable (No.4782), Station Writer vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Thiruvananthapuram", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Thiruvananthapuram", "police_station_or_unit": "Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Thiruvananthapuram Police Head Constable (No.4782), Station Writer vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 108 of 2001", "citation": null, "judges": [ "A. Hariprasad" ], "judgment_date": "2014-05-22", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2014, "incident_date": "1998-12-10", "incident_year": 1998, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d)", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable (No.4782), Station Writer", "unit": "Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "history:acquitted_on_appeal" ], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.94, "jev_p_culpable": 0.92, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "acquitted_on_appeal", "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable (No.4782), Station Writer, Fort Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thiruvananthapuram man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/10284191/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Head Constable, Station Writer at Fort Police Station, was trapped by the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau on 10 December 1998 accepting two phenolphthalein-marked Rs 100 notes to release a surety's seized bicycle, watch, pen and wallet; though the complainant turned hostile on the Rs 1,500 demand, trap witnesses, chemical tests and recovery from his shirt pocket proved voluntary acceptance. The Special Court had convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the PC Act with three-year sentences. The Kerala High Court set aside the Section 7 conviction for want of proof of demand but confirmed the Section 13 criminal-misconduct conviction, reducing the sentence to one year rigorous imprisonment with Rs 10,000 fine. Later proceedings: on 29 January 2015, the Supreme Court of India acquitted [name withheld] of all charges on appeal; the convictions recorded in this judgment therefore do not stand. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Head Constable, Station Writer at Fort Police Station, was trapped by the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau on 10 December 1998 accepting two phenolphthalein-marked Rs 100 notes to release a surety's seized bicycle, watch, pen and wallet; though the complainant turned hostile on the Rs 1,500 demand, trap witnesses, chemical tests and recovery from his shirt pocket proved voluntary acceptance. The Special Court had convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the PC Act with three-year sentences. The Kerala High Court set aside the Section 7 conviction for want of proof of demand but confirmed the Section 13 criminal-misconduct conviction, reducing the sentence to one year rigorous imprisonment with Rs 10,000 fine.", "court_quote": "In this case, there is sufficient evidence to find that PW2 had paid two `100/- decoy notes to the appellant and he voluntarily accepted money as bribe. Therefore, I am of the definite view that the conviction of the appellant under Section 13(1)(d) of the Act is to be upheld.", "court_quote_para": "n/a", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC single judge confirmed s.13(1)(d) PC Act conviction of Fort station-writer head constable for voluntarily accepting Rs 200 bribe, setting aside s.7 for unproven demand and reducing sentence to 1 year RI.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.A. No. 108 of 2001", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2014-05-22", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.A. No. 108 of 2001", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2015-01-29", "action_type": "Acquitted on appeal", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "Later proceedings: on 29 January 2015, the Supreme Court of India acquitted [name withheld] of all charges on appeal; the convictions recorded in this judgment therefore do not stand.", "disposition": "Later proceeding · Conviction not standing", "source": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/122753027/", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [ { "court": "Supreme Court of India", "date": "2015-01-29", "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/122753027/", "outcome": "acquitted_on_appeal" } ], "final_outcome_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/122753027/", "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/10284191/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-008", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2015-0007", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0604", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Vellamunda Man v. State of Kerala and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Vellamunda Man v. State of Kerala and Others", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Wayanad", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Vellamunda", "police_station_or_unit": "Vellamunda Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Vellamunda Man v. State of Kerala and Others", "case_number": "WP(C) No. 24902 of 2014", "citation": null, "judges": [ "A. Muhamed Mustaque" ], "judgment_date": "2015-05-22", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2015, "incident_date": "2014-05-20", "incident_year": 2014, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Mananthavady, Wayanad", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.94, "jev_p_culpable": 0.05, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Mananthavady, Wayanad" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector of Police", "role": "named_only", "unit": "Vellamunda Police Station, Wayanad", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_agy:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "no", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.04, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector of Police, Vellamunda Police Station, Wayanad" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Vellamunda man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 100000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/168621613/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-dismisses-kerala-govts-petition-challenging-hc-direction-to-pay-rs1-lakh-compensation-to-man-illegally-detained-as-maoist-256842", "https://www.barandbench.com/freedom-political-ideology-fundamental-right-kerala-high-court-maoist-compensation" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. A Vellamunda man was taken in a police jeep on 20-05-2014 by the anti-naxal squad on mere suspicion of being a Maoist, interrogated, body-searched and had his house searched and devices seized, then released without any crime registered. The court disbelieved the police rescue-from-mob plea on the General Diary, held mere Maoist ideology is no ground for custody, and found the State bound to compensate. It directed the State to pay Rs. 1 lakh compensation plus Rs. 10,000 costs within two months, declining individual-officer liability and departmental action. The compensation direction survived the State's appeal and its SLP was dismissed by the Supreme Court in 2024.", "summary_verified": "A Vellamunda man was taken in a police jeep on 20-05-2014 by the anti-naxal squad on mere suspicion of being a Maoist, interrogated, body-searched and had his house searched and devices seized, then released without any crime registered. The court disbelieved the police rescue-from-mob plea on the General Diary, held mere Maoist ideology is no ground for custody, and found the State bound to compensate. It directed the State to pay Rs. 1 lakh compensation plus Rs. 10,000 costs within two months, declining individual-officer liability and departmental action. The compensation direction survived the State's appeal and its SLP was dismissed by the Supreme Court in 2024.", "court_quote": "Therefore, Police cannot detain a person merely because he is a Maoist, unless Police forms a reasonable opinion that his activities are unlawful.", "court_quote_para": "12", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Primary judgment verified: Maoist-suspicion detention held illegal; Rs.1 lakh + costs; upheld to SC.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2015-05-22", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "WP(C) No. 24902 of 2014", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/168621613/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-dismisses-kerala-govts-petition-challenging-hc-direction-to-pay-rs1-lakh-compensation-to-man-illegally-detained-as-maoist-256842", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.barandbench.com/freedom-political-ideology-fundamental-right-kerala-high-court-maoist-compensation", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-44" ], "merged_case_id": "SWILLEGA-025", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2016-0020", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0815", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Pathanapuram Police Head Constable vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Pathanapuram Police Head Constable vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kollam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Pathanapuram", "police_station_or_unit": "Pathanapuram Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Pathanapuram Police Head Constable vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 104 of 2008", "citation": "(2016) 03 KL CK 0089", "judges": [ "P. Ubaid J." ], "judgment_date": "2016-03-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2016, "incident_date": "2002-08-10", "incident_year": 2002, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2) r/w s.13(1)(d)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Head Constable", "unit": "Pathanapuram Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Head Constable, Pathanapuram Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Pathanapuram woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/571929/a-soman-vs-the-state-of-kerala/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5728e164e561092708a40c97" ], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (P. Ubaid, J.) confirmed the corruption conviction of Head Constable of Pathanapuram Police Station, caught in a 10 August 2002 VACB trap accepting Rs.1,000 after demanding a bribe to absolve complainant [name withheld] from a criminal case forwarded under Section 156(3) CrPC. The Court held sanction valid, demand proved by the complainant and her son, and acceptance proved with the trap witness plus recovery of phenolphthalein-tainted currency from his table drawer, rejecting the vicious-trap defence. Conviction under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, 1988 was confirmed, but the substantive sentence was reduced to the pre-2014 statutory minimum (SI six months under s.7; SI one year under s.13(2)), with the fine maintained and default sentence cut to SI three months. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (P. Ubaid, J.) confirmed the corruption conviction of Head Constable of Pathanapuram Police Station, caught in a 10 August 2002 VACB trap accepting Rs.1,000 after demanding a bribe to absolve complainant [name withheld] from a criminal case forwarded under Section 156(3) CrPC. The Court held sanction valid, demand proved by the complainant and her son, and acceptance proved with the trap witness plus recovery of phenolphthalein-tainted currency from his table drawer, rejecting the vicious-trap defence. Conviction under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, 1988 was confirmed, but the substantive sentence was reduced to the pre-2014 statutory minimum (SI six months under s.7; SI one year under s.13(2)), with the fine maintained and default sentence cut to SI three months.", "court_quote": "The conviction made by the court below against the appellant under Sections 7 and 13(2) of the P.C. Act is confirmed.", "court_quote_para": "10", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "PC Act conviction of Head Constable confirmed; jail term cut to statutory minimum, fine maintained.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "(2016) 03 KL CK 0089", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2016-03-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "(2016) 03 KL CK 0089", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.courtkutchehry.com/judgements/571929/a-soman-vs-the-state-of-kerala/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5728e164e561092708a40c97", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-31-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2016-0010", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0697", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Vadakara Man vs Vadakara Man and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Vadakara Man vs Vadakara Man and Others", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kozhikode", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Vadakara", "police_station_or_unit": "Vadakara Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Vadakara Man vs Vadakara Man and Others", "case_number": "W.A. No. 1457 of 2016 in W.P.(C) No. 15863 of 2015", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Mohan M. Shantanagoudar", "Thottathil B. Radhakrishnan" ], "judgment_date": "2016-08-03", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2016, "incident_date": "2012-05-01", "incident_year": 2012, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory_display": "custodial torture", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub Inspector", "unit": "Vadakara Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub Inspector, Vadakara Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 70, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Vadakara man, age 70" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 100000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/79783045/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/39403313/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. In May 2012, Sub Inspector of Vadakara Police Station took 70-year-old retired teacher a Vadakara man into custody for alleged smoking in public; the victim alleged he was dragged by the collar, abused in public, lost a gold chain, and suffered a heart attack after release on bail. A disciplinary enquiry followed and the officer did not oppose the writ petition; the Single Judge directed Rs.1,00,000 be paid out of the officer's salary. The Division Bench dismissed the officer's appeal, recording its own finding that he was guilty of misconduct, acted without due diligence and violated the D.K. Basu custody guidelines, and confirmed the salary-recovery direction within two months. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "In May 2012, Sub Inspector of Vadakara Police Station took 70-year-old retired teacher a Vadakara man into custody for alleged smoking in public; the victim alleged he was dragged by the collar, abused in public, lost a gold chain, and suffered a heart attack after release on bail. A disciplinary enquiry followed and the officer did not oppose the writ petition; the Single Judge directed Rs.1,00,000 be paid out of the officer's salary. The Division Bench dismissed the officer's appeal, recording its own finding that he was guilty of misconduct, acted without due diligence and violated the D.K. Basu custody guidelines, and confirmed the salary-recovery direction within two months.", "court_quote": "we also find from the records that the appellant is guilty of misconduct", "court_quote_para": "5", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "DB upheld Rs.1 lakh damages from officer's salary for D.K. Basu violations against 70-year-old detainee.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2016-08-03", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.A. No. 1457 of 2016 in W.P.(C) No. 15863 of 2015", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/79783045/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/39403313/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-51" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP11-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2017-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0212", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Raghavan vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Raghavan vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Alappuzha", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Vallikunnam", "police_station_or_unit": "Vallikunnam Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Raghavan vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 263 of 2011", "citation": null, "judges": [ "P. Ubaid" ], "judgment_date": "2017-06-23", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2017, "incident_date": "2002-11-12", "incident_year": 2002, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d)", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Raghavan", "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Vallikunnam Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.23, "jev_p_culpable": 0.95, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Raghavan", "display": "Raghavan (Sub-Inspector)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Vallikunnam man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/58914444/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Former Sub-Inspector Raghavan of Vallikunnam Police Station was prosecuted for demanding and accepting Rs. 1,000 and a bottle of liquor from complainant [name withheld] to settle an assault case. The vigilance team trapped the accused at his residence and recovered the tainted currency and liquor bottle. The Kerala High Court confirmed his conviction under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, holding that demand and acceptance were proved beyond reasonable doubt. Taking into account the officer's age and the lapse of 15 years, the High Court reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of one year simple imprisonment and fine. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Former Sub-Inspector Raghavan of Vallikunnam Police Station was prosecuted for demanding and accepting Rs. 1,000 and a bottle of liquor from complainant [name withheld] to settle an assault case. The vigilance team trapped the accused at his residence and recovered the tainted currency and liquor bottle. The Kerala High Court confirmed his conviction under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, holding that demand and acceptance were proved beyond reasonable doubt. Taking into account the officer's age and the lapse of 15 years, the High Court reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of one year simple imprisonment and fine.", "court_quote": "In the result, the conviction against the appellant in C.C 38/2008 made by the court below under Sections 7 and 13 ( 1) (d) read with Section 13 (2) of the P.C Act is confirmed, and the appeal is disposed of accordingly.", "court_quote_para": "20", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala High Court confirmed the PC Act conviction of former Sub-Inspector Raghavan for demanding and accepting a bribe, reducing the sentence to statutory minimum.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.A. No. 263 of 2011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2017-06-23", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.A. No. 263 of 2011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/58914444/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-07" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-012", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2018-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0210", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ernakulam Police Police Constable vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Ernakulam Police Police Constable vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Ernakulam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ernakulam", "police_station_or_unit": "Ernakulam Central Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ernakulam Police Police Constable vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. Nos. 1848 & 1947 of 2011", "citation": null, "judges": [ "P. Ubaid" ], "judgment_date": "2018-03-21", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2018, "incident_date": "2007-02-01", "incident_year": 2007, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d)", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Ernakulam Central Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Ernakulam Central Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ernakulam man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ernakulam man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 2, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 0.5, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/14100105/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. The 1st accused, a constable of Ernakulam Central Police Station, demanded Rs 25,000 from mobile-recharge trader [name withheld] over telephone from 23 January 2007, threatening to arraign him in the Crime 53/2007 theft case, and was trapped by VACB on 1 February 2007 accepting Rs 15,000 in tainted currency at the complainant's shop; demand was proved through the complainant's advocate-relative and acceptance by trap witnesses with phenolphthalein tests. The Special Court convicted all three accused, but the Kerala High Court held there was no demand or conspiracy proof against the ASI (A3) and the Mulavukadu constable (A2), who had merely counted the notes, and acquitted them. The court confirmed the 1st accused's conviction under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with Section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, reducing only the Section 13 jail term to six months rigorous imprisonment with fines maintained. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The 1st accused, a constable of Ernakulam Central Police Station, demanded Rs 25,000 from mobile-recharge trader [name withheld] over telephone from 23 January 2007, threatening to arraign him in the Crime 53/2007 theft case, and was trapped by VACB on 1 February 2007 accepting Rs 15,000 in tainted currency at the complainant's shop; demand was proved through the complainant's advocate-relative and acceptance by trap witnesses with phenolphthalein tests. The Special Court convicted all three accused, but the Kerala High Court held there was no demand or conspiracy proof against the ASI (A3) and the Mulavukadu constable (A2), who had merely counted the notes, and acquitted them. The court confirmed the 1st accused's conviction under Sections 7 and 13(2) read with Section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, reducing only the Section 13 jail term to six months rigorous imprisonment with fines maintained.", "court_quote": "The conviction against the 1st accused under Section 7 of the P.C.Act, and under Section 13(2) read with Section 13(1)(d) of the P.C.Act will stand confirmed in appeal. However, the jail sentence imposed by the court below under Section 13(2) read with Section 13(1)(d) of the P.C.Act will stand reduced to rigorous imprisonment for six months.", "court_quote_para": "19", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC single judge confirmed ss.7 and 13 PC Act conviction of Ernakulam Central constable (A1) for Rs 15,000 trap bribe with 6 months RI, while acquitting the ASI (A3) and Mulavukadu constable (A2) for want of demand/conspiracy proof.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.A. Nos. 1848 & 1947 of 2011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2018-03-21", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.A. Nos. 1848 & 1947 of 2011", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/14100105/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-010", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2018-0013", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0215", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Thiruvananthapuram Man vs [name withheld] & Others", "display_title_redacted": "Thiruvananthapuram Man vs [name withheld] & Others", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Thiruvananthapuram", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Thiruvananthapuram", "police_station_or_unit": "Vanchiyoor Police Station", "court": "Supreme Court of India", "court_as_verified": "Supreme Court of India", "bench": null, "case_title": "Thiruvananthapuram Man vs [name withheld] & Others", "case_number": "Civil Appeal Nos. 6637-6638 of 2018", "citation": "(2018) 10 SCC 804", "judges": [ "Dipak Misra", "A.M. Khanwilkar", "D.Y. Chandrachud" ], "judgment_date": "2018-09-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2018, "incident_date": "1994-11-30", "incident_year": 1994, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory_display": "false implication fabrication", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution of India Article 21", "Official Secrets Act 1923 s.3", "Official Secrets Act 1923 s.4" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Inspector General", "unit": "Kerala Police Special Investigation Team", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.87, "jev_p_culpable": 0.12, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Inspector General, Kerala Police Special Investigation Team" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Inspector", "unit": "Special Branch, Thiruvananthapuram City", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.93, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Inspector, Special Branch, Thiruvananthapuram City" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Deputy Superintendent of Police", "unit": "Crime Branch CID, Thiruvananthapuram", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:named_only", "key2:no", "key2_union:no", "key2_openrouter:no" ], "ledger_role": "named_only", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "no", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "no", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.92, "jev_p_culpable": 0.07, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Deputy Superintendent of Police, Crime Branch CID, Thiruvananthapuram" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thiruvananthapuram man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 5000000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/140150087/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Supreme Court of India records the following account. ISRO scientist a Thiruvananthapuram man was maliciously arrested and subjected to custodial harassment and defamation by the Kerala Police in the fabricated 1994 ISRO espionage case. The Supreme Court held that the prosecution was initiated without basis and was malicious, causing severe mental agony and violating the appellant's fundamental right to life and liberty under Article 21. The Court awarded interim compensation of Rs. 50 lakhs to be paid by the State of Kerala under public law remedies. In addition, the Court constituted a committee headed by retired Supreme Court judge Justice D.K. Jain to investigate the culpability of erring police officials including [name withheld], [name withheld], and [name withheld]. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "ISRO scientist a Thiruvananthapuram man was maliciously arrested and subjected to custodial harassment and defamation by the Kerala Police in the fabricated 1994 ISRO espionage case. The Supreme Court held that the prosecution was initiated without basis and was malicious, causing severe mental agony and violating the appellant's fundamental right to life and liberty under Article 21. The Court awarded interim compensation of Rs. 50 lakhs to be paid by the State of Kerala under public law remedies. In addition, the Court constituted a committee headed by retired Supreme Court judge Justice D.K. Jain to investigate the culpability of erring police officials including [name withheld], [name withheld], and [name withheld].", "court_quote": "As stated earlier, the entire prosecution initiated by the State police was malicious and it has caused tremendous harassment and immeasurable anguish to the appellant. It is not a case where the accused is kept under custody and, eventually, after trial, he is found not guilty.", "court_quote_para": "31", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Supreme Court held ISRO espionage prosecution malicious, awarded Rs. 50 lakh compensation to scientist a Thiruvananthapuram man and constituted Justice D.K. Jain Committee.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2018-09-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Supreme Court of India", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Supreme Court of India recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 5,000,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "(2018) 10 SCC 804", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/140150087/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-07" ], "merged_case_id": "SUPREM-014", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2019-0023", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1238", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Kerala v. Mannar Police Police Constable (No. 4799)", "display_title_redacted": "State of Kerala v. Mannar Police Police Constable (No. 4799)", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Alappuzha", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Mannar", "police_station_or_unit": "Mannar Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Kerala v. Mannar Police Police Constable (No. 4799)", "case_number": "OP(KAT) No. 110 of 2018", "citation": "AIRONLINE 2019 KER 18", "judges": [ "C.T. Ravikumar", "V.G. Arun" ], "judgment_date": "2019-01-22", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2019, "incident_date": "2006-01-26", "incident_year": 2006, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "disciplinary_upheld", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable (No. 4799)", "role": "held_liable", "unit": "Mannar Police Station, Alappuzha", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable (No. 4799), Mannar Police Station, Alappuzha" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 0, "sentence_type": "dismissal", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/74225397/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (Division Bench) allowed the State's petition against a Kerala Administrative Tribunal order and restored the removal from service of ex-Police Constable. 4799 [name withheld] of Mannar Police Station, Alappuzha. The Court held the charge of unauthorised absence from duty from 26 January 2006 proved by uncontroverted General Diary evidence, with medical certificates covering only seven days and no leave applications in proper form. It held the second charge of private business while absent unproved, but sufficient that the first charge sustained the penalty. It rejected parity with co-delinquents on delay and laches and held the officer, as a member of a disciplined force, ineligible for leniency. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (Division Bench) allowed the State's petition against a Kerala Administrative Tribunal order and restored the removal from service of ex-Police Constable. 4799 [name withheld] of Mannar Police Station, Alappuzha. The Court held the charge of unauthorised absence from duty from 26 January 2006 proved by uncontroverted General Diary evidence, with medical certificates covering only seven days and no leave applications in proper form. It held the second charge of private business while absent unproved, but sufficient that the first charge sustained the penalty. It rejected parity with co-delinquents on delay and laches and held the officer, as a member of a disciplined force, ineligible for leniency.", "court_quote": "Therefore, as far as the first charge is concerned there is clear, cogent and unchallenged evidence to the effect that the first respondent was on unauthorised absence, at least from 3.7.2006.", "court_quote_para": "11", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC restored removal from service for proved unauthorised absence; disciplinary penalty upheld.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2019-01-22", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court upheld service punishment imposed on police personnel.", "disposition": "Disciplinary action · Procedural only", "source": "AIRONLINE 2019 KER 18", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/74225397/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-116" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-70-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2019-0005", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0205", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "State of Kerala vs Wayanad Man", "display_title_redacted": "State of Kerala vs Wayanad Man", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Wayanad", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": null, "police_station_or_unit": null, "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "State of Kerala vs Wayanad Man", "case_number": "W.A. No. 1330 of 2015", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Hrishikesh Roy", "A. K. Jayasankaran Nambiar" ], "judgment_date": "2019-07-08", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2019, "incident_date": "2014-05-20", "incident_year": 2014, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art 21", "Constitution Art 226" ], "officers": [], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Wayanad man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 100000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/pdf_upload-361999.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/32516640/", "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/kerala-hc-upholds-compensation-illegally-detained-suspicion-maoist-146167", "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-dismisses-kerala-govts-petition-challenging-hc-direction-to-pay-rs1-lakh-compensation-to-man-illegally-detained-as-maoist-256842" ], "summary": "Author and researcher a Wayanad man was detained and interrogated by police in Wayanad on 20 May 2014 on suspicion of being a Maoist, a suspicion the court found was not based on any valid material, and his residence was thereafter searched by officers accompanied by Thunderbolt commandos without following CrPC procedure. The single judge awarded Rs 1,00,000 compensation with Rs 10,000 costs. A Division Bench affirmed, holding that the detention, interrogation and search were wholly unjustified, that a person cannot be persecuted merely for holding Maoist ideology, and that the compensation was neither exorbitant nor unreasonable, dismissing the State's writ appeal.", "summary_verified": "Author and researcher a Wayanad man was detained and interrogated by police in Wayanad on 20 May 2014 on suspicion of being a Maoist, a suspicion the court found was not based on any valid material, and his residence was thereafter searched by officers accompanied by Thunderbolt commandos without following CrPC procedure. The single judge awarded Rs 1,00,000 compensation with Rs 10,000 costs. A Division Bench affirmed, holding that the detention, interrogation and search were wholly unjustified, that a person cannot be persecuted merely for holding Maoist ideology, and that the compensation was neither exorbitant nor unreasonable, dismissing the State's writ appeal.", "court_quote": "Accordingly, merely on a suspicion that the petitioner has embraced the Maoist ideology, he cannot be persecuted by the State authorities. Article 21 of the Constitution mandates that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to a procedure established by law.", "court_quote_para": "7", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC Division Bench upheld Rs 1 lakh compensation for unjustified Maoist-suspicion detention, interrogation and house search, dismissing the State's writ appeal.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2019-07-08", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 100,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "W.A. No. 1330 of 2015", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/pdf_upload-361999.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/32516640/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/kerala-hc-upholds-compensation-illegally-detained-suspicion-maoist-146167", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-dismisses-kerala-govts-petition-challenging-hc-direction-to-pay-rs1-lakh-compensation-to-man-illegally-detained-as-maoist-256842", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2020-0002", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0201", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Jayakumar vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Jayakumar vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kollam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kollam", "police_station_or_unit": "East Police Station, Kollam", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Jayakumar vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 1267 of 2014", "citation": null, "judges": [ "A. Hariprasad", "N. Anil Kumar" ], "judgment_date": "2020-01-07", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2020, "incident_date": "2005-04-06", "incident_year": 2005, "category": "Custodial death", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory": "custodial_death", "subcategory_display": "custodial death", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 304 Part II", "IPC 34", "IPC 348" ], "officers": [ { "name": "Jayakumar", "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "East Police Station, Kollam", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.59, "jev_p_culpable": 0.78, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Jayakumar", "display": "Jayakumar (Police Constable)" }, { "name": "M. Venugopal", "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "East Police Station, Kollam", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.68, "jev_p_culpable": 0.5, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "M. Venugopal", "display": "M. Venugopal (Police Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 2, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": 37, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Kollam man, age 37" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 5, "compensation_inr": 200000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/121952943/", "secondary_sources": [ "http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/UP-87-2005/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. A Kollam man, picked up from Sanker's Hospital, Kollam, on 6 April 2005 on suspicion of mobile-phone theft, was informally detained without recording arrest and tortured by two crime-squad constables of Kollam East Police Station at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel police museum lock-up to extract a confession; he died the same evening and the death was homicidal. The trial court convicted both constables of custodial murder under Sections 302 and 348 read with Section 34 IPC. A Division Bench of the Kerala High Court held the deceased was in the exclusive custody of the two accused and, finding no intent to kill, altered the murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting to murder with five years rigorous imprisonment each, confirmed the wrongful-confinement conviction and sentences to run concurrently, and left the Rs 2,00,000 compensation to the victim's mother undisturbed. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "A Kollam man, picked up from Sanker's Hospital, Kollam, on 6 April 2005 on suspicion of mobile-phone theft, was informally detained without recording arrest and tortured by two crime-squad constables of Kollam East Police Station at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel police museum lock-up to extract a confession; he died the same evening and the death was homicidal. The trial court convicted both constables of custodial murder under Sections 302 and 348 read with Section 34 IPC. A Division Bench of the Kerala High Court held the deceased was in the exclusive custody of the two accused and, finding no intent to kill, altered the murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting to murder with five years rigorous imprisonment each, confirmed the wrongful-confinement conviction and sentences to run concurrently, and left the Rs 2,00,000 compensation to the victim's mother undisturbed.", "court_quote": "We are satisfied with the evidence that the deceased was tortured by A1 and A2 with an intention to extract confession in connection with a theft case.", "court_quote_para": "74", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC Division Bench upheld custodial-death conviction of two Kollam East constables, altering s.302 to s.304 Part II with 5 years RI and confirming s.348 conviction and Rs 2 lakh compensation.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial death", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.A. No. 1267 of 2014", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.A. No. 1267 of 2014", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/121952943/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/UP-87-2005/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-001", "officers_named_public": 2, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2021-0006", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0207", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Ezhukone Man vs Ezhukone Man", "display_title_redacted": "Ezhukone Man vs Ezhukone Man", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kollam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Ezhukone", "police_station_or_unit": "Ezhukone Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Ezhukone Man vs Ezhukone Man", "case_number": "Crl.R.P. Nos. 519 & 520 of 2013", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Mary Joseph" ], "judgment_date": "2021-06-23", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2021, "incident_date": "1996-02-08", "incident_year": 1996, "category": "Custodial torture", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory": "custodial_torture", "subcategory_display": "custodial torture", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "IPC 323", "IPC 324", "IPC 34" ], "officers": [ { "name": "D. Rajagopal", "rank": "Sub-Inspector (at time of offence)", "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.2, "jev_p_culpable": 0.78, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "D. Rajagopal", "display": "D. Rajagopal (Sub-Inspector (at time of offence))" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable (No.4690)", "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable (No.4690), Ezhukone Police Station" }, { "name": "Baby", "rank": "Police Constable (No.3817)", "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.4, "jev_p_culpable": 0.57, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Baby", "display": "Baby (Police Constable (No.3817))" }, { "name": "Sharafudeen", "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Ezhukone Police Station", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.46, "jev_p_culpable": 0.59, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "Sharafudeen", "display": "Sharafudeen (Police Constable)" } ], "officer_count": 4, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Ezhukone man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": 10000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/125749818/", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/kerala-high-court-section-197-crpc-sanction-not-required-to-prosecute-policemen-for-their-illegal-acts-183571" ], "summary": "Complainant [name withheld] was picked up and held overnight in the Ezhukone police lock-up on 8-9 February 1996, where he was beaten and burnt on the tongue with a cigarette so that he could not complain to the Magistrate; the trial court and appellate court concurrently convicted the SI and three constables under Sections 323 and 324 read with Section 34 IPC. The Kerala High Court rejected the Section 197 CrPC sanction defence, holding custodial torture is not an act done in the discharge of official duty. The court dismissed both criminal revision petitions, confirming one year simple imprisonment with Rs 2,500 fine each under Section 324 and Rs 1,000 fine each under Section 323, with Rs 10,000 of the fine payable to the complainant as Section 357(1) CrPC compensation. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Complainant [name withheld] was picked up and held overnight in the Ezhukone police lock-up on 8-9 February 1996, where he was beaten and burnt on the tongue with a cigarette so that he could not complain to the Magistrate; the trial court and appellate court concurrently convicted the SI and three constables under Sections 323 and 324 read with Section 34 IPC. The Kerala High Court rejected the Section 197 CrPC sanction defence, holding custodial torture is not an act done in the discharge of official duty. The court dismissed both criminal revision petitions, confirming one year simple imprisonment with Rs 2,500 fine each under Section 324 and Rs 1,000 fine each under Section 323, with Rs 10,000 of the fine payable to the complainant as Section 357(1) CrPC compensation.", "court_quote": "In the light of the foregoing discussions, this Court has no hesitation to hold that the trial court and the appellate court are not in error and are perfectly justified in finding accused Nos.1 and 3 to 5 guilty for the offences under Sections 323 and 324 read with Section 34 IPC, convicting them and imposing punishments on them for those by the impugned judgment.", "court_quote_para": "47", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC single judge dismissed revisions of an SI and three Ezhukone constables, upholding 1-year SI convictions under ss.323/324/34 IPC for 1996 custodial torture.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Custodial torture", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Crl.R.P. Nos. 519 & 520 of 2013", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2021-06-23", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "Crl.R.P. Nos. 519 & 520 of 2013", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/125749818/", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/kerala-high-court-section-197-crpc-sanction-not-required-to-prosecute-policemen-for-their-illegal-acts-183571", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-007", "officers_named_public": 3, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2021-0023", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0816", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "D. (minor) vs State of Kerala and Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "D. (minor) vs State of Kerala and Ors.", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Thiruvananthapuram", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Attingal", "police_station_or_unit": "Pink Police, Attingal Police Station (Thiruvananthapuram Rural)", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "D. (minor) vs State of Kerala and Ors.", "case_number": "WP(C) No. 25850 of 2021", "citation": null, "judges": [ "Devan Ramachandran J." ], "judgment_date": "2021-12-22", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2021, "incident_date": "2021-08-27", "incident_year": 2021, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory": "illegal_detention_false_imprisonment", "subcategory_display": "illegal detention false imprisonment", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art. 21", "Constitution Art. 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Police Constable", "unit": "Pink Police, Attingal Police Station", "role": "named_only", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Police Constable, Pink Police, Attingal Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": 8, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Attingal girl, age 8", "name": null } ], "victims_redacted": [ { "age": 8, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "a 8-year-old girl" } ], "anonymised": true, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 150000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/wpc258502021h-407081.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.barandbench.com/news/kerala-high-court-orders-state-govt-pay-15-lakh-compensation-girl-falsely-accused-theft-female-police-officer", "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/pink-police-harassment-kerala-hc-grants-compensation-to-the-girl-calls-for-disciplinary-action-against-responsible-officer-188221" ], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (Devan Ramachandran, J.) held that Pink Police Constable illegal detention and public humiliation of 8-year-old a 8-year-old girl at Attingal on 27 August 2021, on the false allegation that the child possessed the officer own missing phone, violated the child fundamental right to live with dignity under Article 21. The Court rejected the State claim to protection under Section 113 of the Kerala Police Act, 2011, holding the officer acted in her own cause as judge, jury and executioner rather than in discharge of duty. It directed the State to pay Rs.1,50,000 compensation plus Rs.25,000 costs within one month under public-law strict liability, and directed the supervisory authority to consider disciplinary action while keeping the officer off public-facing duties with interpersonal-skills training meanwhile. The officer apology on record was declined by the family; the Court declined to order her removal, noting her financial hardship. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (Devan Ramachandran, J.) held that Pink Police Constable illegal detention and public humiliation of 8-year-old Devipriya at Attingal on 27 August 2021, on the false allegation that the child possessed the officer own missing phone, violated the child fundamental right to live with dignity under Article 21. The Court rejected the State claim to protection under Section 113 of the Kerala Police Act, 2011, holding the officer acted in her own cause as judge, jury and executioner rather than in discharge of duty. It directed the State to pay Rs.1,50,000 compensation plus Rs.25,000 costs within one month under public-law strict liability, and directed the supervisory authority to consider disciplinary action while keeping the officer off public-facing duties with interpersonal-skills training meanwhile. The officer apology on record was declined by the family; the Court declined to order her removal, noting her financial hardship.", "court_quote": "This Court is in complete affirmation with the afore argument of Smt.A.K.Preetha and as I have already said above, I am firm in my mind that the petitioner is entitled to sufficient compensation for the purpose of remedying the violation of her fundamental right to live with dignity under our great Constitution, at the hands of the 4th respondent and which has been unfortunately tried to be trivialized and even justified by the official respondents through their pleadings in this case, even when the 4th respondent has no such case, while expressly admitting her 'indiscretion'.", "court_quote_para": "65", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Art 21 violation found; Rs.1,50,000 compensation plus Rs.25,000 costs; disciplinary consideration ordered.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2021-12-22", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 150,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "WP(C) No. 25850 of 2021", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/wpc258502021h-407081.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/kerala-high-court-orders-state-govt-pay-15-lakh-compensation-girl-falsely-accused-theft-female-police-officer", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/pink-police-harassment-kerala-hc-grants-compensation-to-the-girl-calls-for-disciplinary-action-against-responsible-officer-188221", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-63" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP2-32-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2024-0016", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0650", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Alathur Man v. V. R. Raneesh", "display_title_redacted": "Alathur Man v. V. R. Raneesh", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Palakkad", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Alathur", "police_station_or_unit": "Alathur Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Alathur Man v. V. R. Raneesh", "case_number": null, "citation": null, "judges": [ "Devan Ramachandran" ], "judgment_date": "2024-09-04", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2024, "incident_date": null, "incident_year": 2024, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "other", "subcategory": "other", "subcategory_display": "other", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_by_hc", "sections": [ "Contempt of Courts Act 1971" ], "officers": [ { "name": "V. R. Raneesh", "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Alathur Police Station", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.96, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "V. R. Raneesh", "display": "V. R. Raneesh (Sub-Inspector)" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Alathur man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 0.167, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/20290000175202416-563345.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.barandbench.com/news/kerala-high-court-orders-two-months-jail-alathur-si-verbally-abused-lawyer", "https://lawchakra.in/high-court/let-this-be-an-example-kerala-hc-jailed-police/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Advocate an Alathur man complained that Sub-Inspector V. R. Raneesh of Alathur Police Station insulted him with abusive language and expletives and threatened physical abuse when he visited the station to comply with a Magistrate's order, in violation of the Court's earlier directions against derogatory police language. The officer tendered an apology and submitted to the contempt jurisdiction. Justice Devan Ramachandran convicted him of criminal contempt, imposed two months' simple imprisonment suspended for one year on condition of good conduct, and said the sentence should be an example to all officers. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Advocate an Alathur man complained that Sub-Inspector V. R. Raneesh of Alathur Police Station insulted him with abusive language and expletives and threatened physical abuse when he visited the station to comply with a Magistrate's order, in violation of the Court's earlier directions against derogatory police language. The officer tendered an apology and submitted to the contempt jurisdiction. Justice Devan Ramachandran convicted him of criminal contempt, imposed two months' simple imprisonment suspended for one year on condition of good conduct, and said the sentence should be an example to all officers.", "court_quote": "In the afore circumstances, I order this Contempt of Court Case, sentencing the first respondent to two months of simple imprisonment under the provisions of Contempt of Court Act; however, suspending the same for a period of one year.", "court_quote_para": "36", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC contempt conviction verified via 3+ independent reports; 2 months SI suspended for one year.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2024-09-04", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court entered convictions against police personnel in this judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "Kerala High Court judgment 2024-09-04", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote", "court_quote_para", "sections", "primary_source_url" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/20290000175202416-563345.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.barandbench.com/news/kerala-high-court-orders-two-months-jail-alathur-si-verbally-abused-lawyer", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://lawchakra.in/high-court/let-this-be-an-example-kerala-hc-jailed-police/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-45" ], "merged_case_id": "SWOTHERM-014", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2025-0020", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0209", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "S. Navas vs State Of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "S. Navas vs State Of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Thiruvananthapuram", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Thumba", "police_station_or_unit": "Thumba Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "S. Navas vs State Of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 488 of 2020", "citation": "2025:KER:72309", "judges": [ "A. Badharudeen" ], "judgment_date": "2025-09-26", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2025, "incident_date": "2012-11-23", "incident_year": 2012, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d)", "PC Act 1988 s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": "S. Navas", "rank": "Senior Civil Police Officer (T 9170)", "unit": "Thumba Police Station, Thiruvananthapuram", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "named_safe", "gate_reasons": [], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "yes", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.04, "jev_p_culpable": 0.97, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": "S. Navas", "display": "S. Navas (Senior Civil Police Officer (T 9170))" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Thumba man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61881628/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Senior CPO S. Navas of Thumba Police Station demanded Rs 1,000 from passport applicant a Thumba man on 15 November 2012, claiming a pending accident case against him, and was trapped by vigilance on 23 November 2012 accepting the marked Rs 1,000 as motive for a clear passport verification report; demand and acceptance were proved beyond reasonable doubt. The Special Court convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the PC Act with three-year sentences. The Kerala High Court confirmed both convictions but modified the sentences to six months simple imprisonment with Rs 10,000 fine under Section 7 and one year simple imprisonment with Rs 15,000 fine under Section 13, vacating the suspension of sentence and directing surrender. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "Senior CPO S. Navas of Thumba Police Station demanded Rs 1,000 from passport applicant a Thumba man on 15 November 2012, claiming a pending accident case against him, and was trapped by vigilance on 23 November 2012 accepting the marked Rs 1,000 as motive for a clear passport verification report; demand and acceptance were proved beyond reasonable doubt. The Special Court convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the PC Act with three-year sentences. The Kerala High Court confirmed both convictions but modified the sentences to six months simple imprisonment with Rs 10,000 fine under Section 7 and one year simple imprisonment with Rs 15,000 fine under Section 13, vacating the suspension of sentence and directing surrender.", "court_quote": "On re-appreciation of the entire evidence, it could be gathered that in the instant case, the demand and acceptance of ₹1,000/- by the accused on 23.11.2012 are proved beyond reasonable doubt and therefore, the Special Court rightly entered into conviction of the accused for the said offences and the contentions raised by the learned counsel for the accused are found unsustainable. Therefore, the conviction does not require any interference.", "court_quote_para": "29", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC single judge confirmed ss.7 and 13 PC Act conviction of Thumba Senior CPO for Rs 1,000 passport-verification bribe, modifying sentence to 6 months/1 year SI with fines and vacating bail.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "2025:KER:72309", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "2025:KER:72309", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61881628/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-009", "officers_named_public": 1, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2025-0024", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0204", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-0658", "CWC-1440" ], "display_title": "Chakkarakkal Man and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Ors.", "display_title_redacted": "Chakkarakkal Man and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Ors.", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kannur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Chakkarakkal", "police_station_or_unit": "Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Chakkarakkal Man and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Ors.", "case_number": "WP(C) No. 9494 of 2019", "citation": "2025:KER:88675", "judges": [ "P.M. Manoj" ], "judgment_date": "2025-10-14", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2025, "incident_date": "2018-07-11", "incident_year": 2018, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "misconduct", "admin_subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory": "false_implication_fabrication", "subcategory_display": "false implication fabrication", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [ "Constitution Art 226" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.77, "jev_p_culpable": 0.47, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector, Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "held_liable", "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": 0.81, "jev_p_culpable": 0.48, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector", "unit": "Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no", "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": "no", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": "no", "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector, Chakkarakkal Police Station, Kannur" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Chakkarakkal man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Chakkarakkal woman" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Chakkarakkal man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Chakkarakkal man" }, { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "female", "descriptor": "Chakkarakkal woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 5, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 1400000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://livelaw-hpnlu.refread.com/pdf_upload/thajudheen-645889.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/kerala-high-court/kerala-high-court-compensation-illegal-imprisonment-false-case-518485", "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/thajudheen-645889.pdf" ], "summary": "The Kerala High Court held that an NRI rent-a-car worker home on 15 days' leave for his daughter's wedding was falsely implicated in Chakkarakkal Crime No. 388/2018, a chain-snatching case, arrested on 11 July 2018 and kept 54 days in custody despite CCTV identity mismatch and his impossibility plea. A DySP enquiry exonerated him and implicated the real accused [name withheld], noting lapses by the SHO and two ASIs and recommending transfer plus a Punishment Roll entry against SI. The court held the wrongful arrest and detention violated Article 21 and awarded Rs 10 lakh to the first petitioner and Rs 1 lakh each to his wife, two sons and daughter as public-law compensation under Article 226. The State was left at liberty to recover the amount from the erring officers, and the petitioners free to pursue civil remedies. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court held that an NRI rent-a-car worker home on 15 days' leave for his daughter's wedding was falsely implicated in Chakkarakkal Crime No. 388/2018, a chain-snatching case, arrested on 11 July 2018 and kept 54 days in custody despite CCTV identity mismatch and his impossibility plea. A DySP enquiry exonerated him and implicated the real accused [name withheld], noting lapses by the SHO and two ASIs and recommending transfer plus a Punishment Roll entry against SI. The court held the wrongful arrest and detention violated Article 21 and awarded Rs 10 lakh to the first petitioner and Rs 1 lakh each to his wife, two sons and daughter as public-law compensation under Article 226. The State was left at liberty to recover the amount from the erring officers, and the petitioners free to pursue civil remedies.", "court_quote": "In the above circumstances, this writ petition is disposed of by granting compensation to the tune of Rs.10 lakhs to the 1st petitioner and Rs.1 lakh each to the petitioners 2 to 5, the wife and children of the 1st petitioner, who have suffered mental agony, trauma, defamation and harassment at the hands of respondents 2 to 4.", "court_quote_para": "53", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Kerala HC held NRI falsely implicated, 54 days custody violated Art.21; Rs 14 lakh compensation, recoverable from officers.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2025-10-14", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 1,400,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2025:KER:88675", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://livelaw-hpnlu.refread.com/pdf_upload/thajudheen-645889.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/kerala-high-court/kerala-high-court-compensation-illegal-imprisonment-false-case-518485", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/thajudheen-645889.pdf", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-16", "chunk-44", "chunk-r04", "chunk-r09" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-004", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2026-0043", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-1239", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Karikkottakkari Man v. Dy. S.P., VACB Unit-1 Kannur & State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Karikkottakkari Man v. Dy. S.P., VACB Unit-1 Kannur & State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kannur", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Karikkottakkari", "police_station_or_unit": "Karikkottakkari Police Station", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Karikkottakkari Man v. Dy. S.P., VACB Unit-1 Kannur & State of Kerala", "case_number": "Crl.A. No. 1670 of 2013", "citation": "2026:KER:5210", "judges": [ "A. Badharudeen" ], "judgment_date": "2026-01-21", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2026, "incident_date": "2003-05-02", "incident_year": 2003, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d) r/w s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Sub-Inspector of Police", "role": "convicted", "unit": "Karikkottakkari Police Station", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub-Inspector of Police, Karikkottakkari Police Station" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Karikkottakkari man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "mixed", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/130490866/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The Kerala High Court (single bench) confirmed the conviction of Sub-Inspector of Karikkottakkari Police Station by the Enquiry Commissioner & Special Judge, Kozhikode (CC No. 19 of 2005) for demanding and accepting Rs 3,000 in marked notes from an autorickshaw driver to avoid foisting a case on him. The Court held demand and acceptance proved through the complainant corroborated by witnesses and the trap recovery, rejecting the defence of a false case. Accepting the plea for leniency, it reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of six months' RI with Rs 10,000 fine under s.7 and one year's RI with Rs 10,000 fine under s.13(1)(d) r/w s.13(2), concurrent. It cancelled the appellant's bail and directed him to surrender forthwith. Matters not addressed in the cited judgment text are not recorded here.", "summary_verified": "The Kerala High Court (single bench) confirmed the conviction of Sub-Inspector of Karikkottakkari Police Station by the Enquiry Commissioner & Special Judge, Kozhikode (CC No. 19 of 2005) for demanding and accepting Rs 3,000 in marked notes from an autorickshaw driver to avoid foisting a case on him. The Court held demand and acceptance proved through the complainant corroborated by witnesses and the trap recovery, rejecting the defence of a false case. Accepting the plea for leniency, it reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of six months' RI with Rs 10,000 fine under s.7 and one year's RI with Rs 10,000 fine under s.13(1)(d) r/w s.13(2), concurrent. It cancelled the appellant's bail and directed him to surrender forthwith.", "court_quote": "In view of the above, the conviction entered by the Special Court, after properly appreciating the evidence, does not call for any interference.", "court_quote_para": "30", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "HC confirmed SI's PC Act bribery conviction; sentence reduced to statutory minimum.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "2026:KER:5210", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "2026:KER:5210", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/130490866/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-116" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP3-72-001", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2026-0011", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0203", "alias_merged_ids": [ "CWC-1425" ], "display_title": "Chavara Police Assistant Sub-Inspector (Grade) vs State of Kerala", "display_title_redacted": "Chavara Police Assistant Sub-Inspector (Grade) vs State of Kerala", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kollam", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Chavara", "police_station_or_unit": "Chavara Police Station, Kollam", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Chavara Police Assistant Sub-Inspector (Grade) vs State of Kerala", "case_number": "CRL.A No. 1229 of 2014", "citation": "2026:KER:20489", "judges": [ "A. Badharudeen" ], "judgment_date": "2026-03-06", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2026, "incident_date": "2009-04-21", "incident_year": 2009, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "corruption", "admin_subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory": "bribery_pc_act", "subcategory_display": "bribery pc act", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "conviction_upheld", "sections": [ "PC Act 1988 s.7", "PC Act 1988 s.13(1)(d) r/w s.13(2)" ], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (Grade)", "unit": "Chavara Police Station, Kollam", "role": "convicted", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "key2_openrouter:unclear" ], "ledger_role": "convicted", "key2": "yes", "key2_agy": "yes", "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": "yes", "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": "unclear", "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": 0.05, "jev_p_culpable": 0.97, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": "none_found", "name_public": null, "display": "Assistant Sub-Inspector (Grade), Chavara Police Station, Kollam" } ], "officer_count": 1, "victims": [ { "name": null, "age": null, "gender": "male", "descriptor": "Chavara man" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 1, "sentence_type": "imprisonment", "sentence_max_years": 1, "compensation_inr": null, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://www.verdictum.in/pdf_upload/2033000122920142watermark-1773231.pdf", "secondary_sources": [ "https://www.verdictum.in/court-updates/high-courts/kerala-high-court/sudarsanan-v-state-of-kerala-crla-no-1229-of-2014-bribery-asi-demand-acceptance-1609517", "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/51148852/" ], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. Entrusted with complainant [name withheld]'s property-dispute complaint, ASI (Grade) [name withheld] of Chavara Police Station demanded Rs 2,000 on 21 April 2009 and accepted it on 24 April 2009 in a vigilance trap, being caught red-handed. The Enquiry Commissioner and Special Judge, Thiruvananthapuram convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with 13(2) of the PC Act 1988. The Kerala High Court rejected defences on sanction validity, witness contradictions and the decoy evidence, holding the ingredients proved beyond reasonable doubt with PW1 corroborated by the decoy witness and vigilance officials. The appeal was allowed in part: the conviction was confirmed but the sentence was reduced to the statutory minimum of six months RI with Rs 5,000 fine and one year RI with Rs 10,000 fine, concurrent.", "summary_verified": "Entrusted with complainant [name withheld]'s property-dispute complaint, ASI (Grade) [name withheld] of Chavara Police Station demanded Rs 2,000 on 21 April 2009 and accepted it on 24 April 2009 in a vigilance trap, being caught red-handed. The Enquiry Commissioner and Special Judge, Thiruvananthapuram convicted him under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with 13(2) of the PC Act 1988. The Kerala High Court rejected defences on sanction validity, witness contradictions and the decoy evidence, holding the ingredients proved beyond reasonable doubt with PW1 corroborated by the decoy witness and vigilance officials. The appeal was allowed in part: the conviction was confirmed but the sentence was reduced to the statutory minimum of six months RI with Rs 5,000 fine and one year RI with Rs 10,000 fine, concurrent.", "court_quote": "On an overall evaluation of the evidence discussed, the ingredients to constitute offences punishable under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) r/w 13(2) of the PC Act, 1988 have been satisfactorily proved by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubts and thereby the learned Special Judge found that the accused committed the said offences.", "court_quote_para": "25", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Conviction confirmed; sentence cut to statutory minimum (6 months/1 year).", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": null, "action_type": "Conviction", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Trial court (as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment)", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The trial court convicted the accused police personnel, as recorded in the Kerala High Court judgment.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation", "source": "2026:KER:20489", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court dismissed the appeal and upheld the convictions of police personnel.", "disposition": "Conviction · Supports allegation (appellate affirmance; trial conviction separate card)", "source": "2026:KER:20489", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "holds", "corrections_applied": [] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://www.verdictum.in/pdf_upload/2033000122920142watermark-1773231.pdf", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://www.verdictum.in/court-updates/high-courts/kerala-high-court/sudarsanan-v-state-of-kerala-crla-no-1229-of-2014-bribery-asi-demand-acceptance-1609517", "link_checked": null }, { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/51148852/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": true, "verified_by": [ "chunk-06", "chunk-31", "chunk-38", "chunk-r04" ], "merged_case_id": "KERALA-003", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" }, { "record_id": "CW-2026-0039", "status": "current", "merged_id": "CWC-0698", "alias_merged_ids": [], "display_title": "Kozhikode Man and Others vs Kozhikode Man and Others", "display_title_redacted": "Kozhikode Man and Others vs Kozhikode Man and Others", "state": "Kerala", "district": "Kozhikode", "district_at_time": null, "city_town": "Kozhikode", "police_station_or_unit": "Chevayur Police Station, Kozhikode", "court": "Kerala High Court", "court_as_verified": "Kerala High Court", "bench": null, "case_title": "Kozhikode Man and Others vs Kozhikode Man and Others", "case_number": "R.S.A. No. 853 of 2020", "citation": "2026:KER:33751", "judges": [ "Easwaran S." ], "judgment_date": "2026-05-18", "date_precision": "day", "judgment_year": 2026, "incident_date": "2010-03-02", "incident_year": 2010, "category": "Other", "admin_category": "brutality", "admin_subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory": "disproportionate_force", "subcategory_display": "disproportionate force", "protest_override_heuristic": false, "outcome_type": "adverse_finding_compensation", "sections": [], "officers": [ { "name": null, "rank": "Circle Inspector", "unit": "Chevayur Police Station / Elathur Police Station, Kozhikode", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Circle Inspector, Chevayur Police Station / Elathur Police Station, Kozhikode" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Additional Sub Inspector", "unit": "Crime Detachment Wing, Calicut City", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Additional Sub Inspector, Crime Detachment Wing, Calicut City" }, { "name": null, "rank": "Sub Inspector", "unit": "SBCID, Kollam", "role": "held_liable", "publish_grade": "unnamed", "gate_reasons": [ "ledger:no_row", "key2:no_row" ], "ledger_role": null, "key2": null, "key2_agy": null, "key2_claude": null, "key2_union": null, "key2_gemapi": null, "key2_openrouter": null, "key2_gpt56": null, "grok": null, "jev_risk": null, "jev_p_culpable": null, "key2_gpt": null, "later_outcome": null, "name_public": null, "display": "Sub Inspector, SBCID, Kollam" } ], "officer_count": 3, "victims": [ { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Kozhikode man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "male", "name": null, "descriptor": "Kozhikode man" }, { "age": null, "gender": "female", "name": null, "descriptor": "Kozhikode woman" } ], "victims_redacted": null, "anonymised": false, "victim_count": 3, "sentence_type": "compensation_only", "sentence_max_years": null, "compensation_inr": 500000, "force": "state_police", "primary_source_url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/79204748/", "secondary_sources": [], "summary": "The judgment of the Kerala High Court records the following account. On 2 March 2010, the three appellant officers with a police force and a mobile crane came to the plaintiffs' residence and seized a car, following a traffic-fine confrontation and a Section 176 IPC case that the prosecution later withdrew. The court records that when a plaintiff demanded a receipt for the car key, the first defendant assaulted him while the other two held him, and that the elderly mother fainted. A departmental enquiry had found the officers guilty. The High Court dismissed the officers' second appeal, holding the assault was no part of official duty so the Kerala Police Act limitation bar did not apply, the seizure was unjustified, and sustained the Rs.5,00,000 decree with interest against the officers and the State jointly and severally.", "summary_verified": "On 2 March 2010, the three appellant officers with a police force and a mobile crane came to the plaintiffs' residence and seized a car, following a traffic-fine confrontation and a Section 176 IPC case that the prosecution later withdrew. The court records that when a plaintiff demanded a receipt for the car key, the first defendant assaulted him while the other two held him, and that the elderly mother fainted. A departmental enquiry had found the officers guilty. The High Court dismissed the officers' second appeal, holding the assault was no part of official duty so the Kerala Police Act limitation bar did not apply, the seizure was unjustified, and sustained the Rs.5,00,000 decree with interest against the officers and the State jointly and severally.", "court_quote": "The alleged assault on the plaintiffs 1 to 3 in the present case cannot be considered as one done in pursuance to the official duty at any rate.", "court_quote_para": "18", "confidence": "high", "verdict": "accept", "verdict_note": "Second-appeal dismissal verified; Rs 5L assault/seizure decree against 3 officers + State sustained.", "verification_status": "V2", "verification_badge": "V2 · Externally reported", "tier_badge": "Externally reported", "tier": "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded", "tier_history": [ "Tier A — Externally reported or officially recorded" ], "allegations": [ { "category": "Other", "primary": true, "position": "Material fact supported", "position_explainer": "Reliable material supports a specifically documented fact relevant to that allegation, not necessarily the full allegation, causation, intent, unlawfulness, or responsibility.", "official_finding_relation": "supports allegation" } ], "institutional_response": [ { "date": "2026-05-18", "action_type": "Order issued", "status": "Concluded", "authority": "Kerala High Court", "independence": "External", "legal_effect": "Binding", "description": "The Kerala High Court recorded adverse findings against police personnel and ordered Rs 500,000.", "disposition": "Compensation ordered · Supports allegation (for the compensated wrong only)", "source": "2026:KER:33751", "recheck": "Not yet re-checked." } ], "later_proceedings": [], "final_outcome_url": null, "followup_history": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "scope": "Round-8 full re-verification: published record re-checked against the judgment text (outcome, officers, quote, key facts) plus methodology-compliance pass", "method": "skills-guided adversarial re-verification of the published record against the judgment text (reverify/t1-*/adversarial-8.jsonl)", "result": "wrong_facts", "corrections_applied": [ "court_quote_para", "officers" ] } ], "followup_status": "checked", "last_checked": "2026-09-19", "link_checked_per_url": [ { "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/79204748/", "link_checked": null } ], "source_assessment": { "established": null, "basis": null }, "v3_basis": null, "publication_basis": null, "reviews": [], "retracted": { "is_retracted": false }, "fidelity_checked": false, "verified_by": [ "chunk-52" ], "merged_case_id": "GAP11-005", "officers_named_public": 0, "record_flag": null, "service": "police", "watch": "babuwatch" } ] }